Click on all the parts of a nucleotides of RNA

Which RNA carries information from DNA to the ribosome?

Which RNA makes up ribosomes?

Which RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?

Click on all the words that are used to describe the DNA strand that is used to make mRNA

Which of the following are the 3 steps of transcription, in order?

In eukaryotes, _____________ binds to the promoter sequence, and then RNA polymerase binds and forms the ___________________________

True or False: eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases, and prokaryotes have one

True or False: Once RNA polymerase binds to the DNA strand, the transcription factors & sigma subunit detach

True or False: RNA polymerase needs a primer to start transcription

When RNA polymerase reaches the ___________, it detaches and ends transcription

In eukaryotes, the mRNA transcript that is made is called ________________ and will be modified to become _______________

The 5' end of the mRNA gets a ____________ and the 3' end gets a _______________

The process of removing introns is known as _________ and is done by protein complexes called ___________, which are made of proteins and RNA molecules called __________

Which of the following are NOT post-transcriptional modifications?

During transcription, what is the relationship between DNA and RNA?

What's the name of the process where different mRNA sequences (and therefore different proteins) can be made because of the way the exons are put together?

True or False: In prokaryotes, translation can start before transcription is done

Initiation by sigma subunits occurs in

RNA processing happens in

During translation, mRNA is used to create which of the following (click all that apply)

During the initiation step of translation, mRNA binds to the ______ of the small ribosomal subunit

Once the mRNA & small ribosomal subunit bind together, the small subunit moves along the mRNA until it reaches the

The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one that has the mRNA & initiator tRNA on it. All together, they now form the

What is the name of the proteins that bring all the components of the translation initiation complex together?

The initiator tRNA fits into the ___ site of the ribosome, and the ___ site is free for the next tRNA

Peptide bonds between the amino acids form through the process of

True or False: Translation proceeds along the mRNA in a 3' to 5' direction

When a new tRNA brings the next amino acid, it enters the ___ site of the ribosome

As the amino acid chain grows longer, the polypeptide in the ___ site forms a peptide bond with the amino acid in the ___ site.

After the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA in the ___ site leaves the ribosome

The ribosome then moves the tRNA in the A site to the P site, and the A site is now open for the next tRNA to bind. This process is called

Termination of translation occurs when

When the stop codon reaches the A site, the A site accepts a protein called a ________, which causes hydrolysis to happen, releasing the polypeptide

After the polypeptide is released, the protein folds into a 3D shape based on the amino acids'

Sometimes, these molecules are added to the protein to direct it to its correct destination

True or False: Free ribosomes, which are located in the cytoplasm, mostly make proteins that function in the cytoplasm

Ribosomes attached to the Rough ER make proteins that are transported to the _______ & leave through the cell membrane. This is known as the _________ system

Transcription or Translation:

Occurs in the nucleus

Transcription or Translation:

Uses initiation factors

Transcription or Translation:

Uses spliceosomes

Transcription or Translation:

Starts at the TATA box

Transcription or Translation:

Uses anticodons

Transcription or Translation:

Ends with the stop codon

True or False: DNA polymerase proofreads itself and fixes mistakes that it makes

Which type of mutation has no effect on the protein/phenotype?

Which type of mutation creates one different amino acid?

Which type of mutation creates a stop codon?

Click on all the different types of frameshift mutations

A mutation where entire genes are rearranged on a chromosome is called

Organisms that inherit more than 2 sets of chromosomes are called

Mutations found in what type of cells will be passed down to offspring?

True or False:

Mutations can provide genetic variation that is advantageous for survival and are selected for in natural selection

Which of the following provides genetic variation for prokaryotes?

When prokaryotes take in DNA that was released by another prokaryote, this is called

True or False:

In conjugation, a virus moves DNA from one bacteria to another

What's it called when DNA is transferred between two bacteria through their pili?

Click on all the things that are true about genetic variation in viruses

Which of the following is not true about mutations and cancer?