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WorksheetsHigher Human Biology - Unit 1
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 48mins
Which two units make up the backbone of DNA
Ribose sugar
Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Bases
Which base pairing is correct?
Adenine to Guanine
Cytosine to Thymine
Adenine to Thymine
Guanine to Thymine
What are primers?
Single stranded random sequences of nucleotides
Single stranded sequences of nucleotides which are complementary to a target sequence
Double stranded random sequences of nucleotides
Double stranded sequences of nucleotides which are complementary to a target sequence
Which enzyme is used to join fragments on the lagging strand?
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Catalase
Why can both strands of DNA not be replicated continuously?
DNA nucleotides can only be replicated in a 3'-5' direction
DNA polymerase can only act on one strand at a time
There is not enough space for both strands to be copied
DNA nucleotides can only be replicated in a 5'-3' direction
What type of reaction builds up larger molecules from smaller ones?
Catabolic
Inhibition
Anabolic
What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor molecule binds to the active site of the enzyme and stops the substrate from binding?
Feedback inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition
What is the type of inhibition that occurs when an inhibitor binds to a different part of the enzyme and changes the active site shape?
Feedback inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Which coloured line indicates the reaction rate of a competitive inhibitor?
Purple
Orange
Green
What type of RNA carries a copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
The process of editing a primary transcript to produce a mature RNA transcript is called?
RNA dicing
RNA primers
RNA splicing
RNA polymerase
A mutation which involves part of a chromosomes attaching to another chromosome (not its partner) is called what?
Translocation
Duplication
Deletion
Inversion
The insertion of an extra nucleotide into a DNA sequence results in what?
Missense mutation
Frameshift mutation with non functional protein
Frameshift with functional protein
Chromosome structure mutation
What are examples of single gene mutation? Select all
Duplication
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
Where does the citric acid cycle take place in the cell?
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Matrix of the mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Where does the electron transport chain take place in the cell?
Cytoplasm
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Matrix of the mitochondria
Nucleus
Where does respiration take place in the absence of oxygen?
Cytoplasm
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Matrix of the mitochondria
Nucleus
In the final stage of the electron transport chain, what do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with to form water?
CO2
ATP synthase
Oxygen
NAD
Select all the substances that are produced in the citric acid cycle.
NADH
Oxygen
ATP
CO2
Acetyl CoA joins with ________ to form citrate.
Dehydrogenase
NAD
Oxaloacetate
ATP
Muscle fibres which rely on mainly glycolysis are called...
Slow twitch
Fast twitch
Which sport would be associated with fast twitch muscle fibres?
Marathon running
Sprinting
Cross country skiing
Walking
Which muscle fibre uses fat as its energy store?
Fast twitch
Slow twitch
Which substance is produced in order to regenerate NAD in absence of oxygen?
Pyruvate
Lactate
NADH
Dehydrogenase
During glycolysis, dehydrogenase enzymes catalyse the
removal of hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH
removal of hydrogen ions and electrons from citrate
transfer of hydrogen ions and electrons to glucose
transfer of hydrogen ions and electrons to NAD
Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondrion
True
False
In proteins, amino acids are joined together by:
polypeptide bonds
weak hydrogen bonds
peptide bonds
sulphur bridges
Mature RBCs have no nucleus and no mitochondria. Which of the following processes can be carried out by a mature RBC?
Glycolysis
Cell division
Protein synthesis
Electron transport chain
Which of the following substances must be present in a living cell for glycolysis to occur
Glucose and ATP
ATP and oxygen
Glucose and oxygen
ATP, Glucose and oxygen
Which of the following substances must be present in a living cell for glycolysis to occur
Glucose and ATP
ATP and oxygen
Glucose and oxygen
ATP, Glucose and oxygen
The mitochondrion has two membranes
True
False
In respiration, the end products are
hydrogen and carbon dioxide
water and ATP
oxygen and ATP
pyruvate and water
The energy in ATP is stored in which bond?
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Which of the following should stop a cell from dividing excessively?
A hormone
An enzyme
Apoptosis
A regulatory signal
In RNA, uracil pairs with thymine
True
False
New nucleotides can only be added to a strand of DNA
to the deoxyribose sugar at the 3' end
to the phosphate group at the 3' end
to the deoxyribose sugar at the 5' end
to the phosphate group at the 5' end
Which of the following are required for DNA replication?
1. DNA polymerase
2. Ligase
3. Phosphase
4. RNA polymerase
5. ADP
6. DNA nucleotides
1, 2, 3, 5 and 6
All of them
1, 2, 5 and 6
1, 2 and 6
The lagging strand of new DNA is formed by continuous replication
True
False
Which organelle in an animal cell is the site of protein synthesis?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
When a cell becomes differentiated, it produces ________ specific to its function by turning on and off genes.
Stem cells
Proteins
Characteristics
Genes
This type of stem cell can differentiate into any type of cell.
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Which type of stem cell would be described as multipotent?
Tissue/adult stem cell
Embryonic stem cell
This type of stem cell can differentiate into many types of cells in the body.
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Which type of stem cell would be found in a blastocyst?
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Select all places where tissue/adult stem cells could be found.
Blastocyst
Bone marrow
Embryo
Skin
Select all of the potential therapeutic uses of stem cells below.
Cornea repair
Skin grafts
Study how diseases develop
Drug testing
Select the correct statement.
Embryonic stem cells and tissue stem cells can become any type of cell.
Embryonic stem cells can become any type of cell while tissue stem cells give rise to more limited range of cell types.
Tissue stem cells can become any type of cell while embryonic stem cells give rise to more limited range of cell types.
Embryonic stem cells and tissue stem cells give rise to a limited range of cell types.
Self renewal means that stem cells produce more ________ stem cells.
Specialised
Unspecialised
Which is a use of stem cells in research?
Repair of damaged organs
Regeneration of skin
Drug testing
Select all of the potential therapeutic uses of stem cells below.
Cornea repair
Skin grafts
Degenerative diseases
Cancer treatment
Where would tissue/adult stem cells be found?
Blastocyst
Bone marrow
Embryo
What kind of cell leads to formation of gametes?
Germline
Somatic
Embryonic
Germline cells can divide by
Mitosis only
Meiosis only
Mitosis and meiosis
What is the name for the basic units which make up strands of DNA?
Phosphates
Nucleotides
Sugars
RNA
The two strands of DNA are held together by which kind of bonds?
Peptide bonds
Strong bonds
Hydrogen bonds
What are DNA nucleotides made up of?
A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base
A ribose sugar, phosphate and base
A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and ATP
Which of these enzymes are not needed for DNA replication?
Ligase
Amylase
DNA polymerase
In DNA replication, the fragments of DNA which have been replicated discontinuously are joined together using what?
Ligase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Amylase
What are primers?
Single stranded random sequences of nucleotides
Single stranded sequences of nucleotides which are complementary to a target sequence
Double stranded sequences of nucleotides which are complementary to a target sequence
How would we describe the direction of leading and lagging strand?
Parallel
Anti-parallel
Replication occurs _______ on the leading strand.
Continuously
Discontinuously
Which enzyme controls the sugar-phosphate bonding of the nucleotides into the DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Amylase
Phosphate
What is the difference between the 3' and 5' end?
3' end contains a base, 5' end contains a phosphate
5' end contains a phosphate, 3' end contains a deoxyribose sugar
3' end contains a phosphate, 5' end contains a sugar
3' end contains a phosphate, 5' end contains a base
What is stage X called?
Transcription
Translation
RNA splicing
What is stage Y called?
Transcription
Translation
RNA splicing
What is stage Z called?
Transcription
Translation
RNA splicing
A primary transcript is a strand of
RNA comprising just exons
DNA comprising just exons
RNA comprising introns and exons
DNA comprising introns and exons
Which of the following occurs during RNA splicing?
Introns are added
Exons are added
Exons are removed
Introns are removed
What is W?
Polypeptide
tRNA
mRNA
What is X?
Polypeptide
tRNA
mRNA
What is Y?
Polypeptide
tRNA
mRNA
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?
AUGCUU
ATGCTT
GCATCC
GCAUCC
A triplet of mRNA is called a
Codon
Anticodon
Amino acid
Peptide bond
What do ribosomes consist of?
Protein only
rRNA and protein
mRNA and protein
tRNA and protein
What do we call the string of amino acids created at the end of translation?
Protein
Anticodon
Polymerase
Polypeptide
