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WorksheetsVCE Biology - Unit 4 AOS 2
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Gene flow occurs...
a)
...when natural forces act on existing variation
b)
...when two populations mix, but do not mate
c)
...when new individuals are added to a population
d)
...when a population is split
2.
Populations do not necessarily consist of the individuals best adapted to survive and reproduce. Theoretically, the most fit individuals in a population will survive longest and reproduce the most, however chance plays a role in who survives, Reproduces, and whose offsprings survive to reproduce as well. In a population, where the allele frequency shifts by random chance, the mechanism of evolution at work is___.
a)
Natural selection
b)
Genetic drift
c)
Migration
d)
Mutation
3.
Which of the following is not true of genetic drift?
a)
It results from the random transmission of alleles from parents to offspring in a population
b)
It can lead to alleles being fixed in a population
c)
It can increase the genetic diversity of a population
d)
It can lead to loss of alleles in a population
4.
The bottleneck effect occurs when a population size is reduced for at least one generation. Undergoing a bottleneck can greatly reduce the genetic variation a population, leaving it susceptible to extinction if it is unable to adapt to climatic changes, or changes in resource or availability. Small populations are especially at risk when a bottleneck occurs, caused by the greater effect ____ can have on small populations.
a)
Migration
b)
Natural selection
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Mutation
5.
An ecologist observes a population of snakes on an island for a month every year. After the eleventh month, he sees the snake population has been decimated, and decides to wait for the snakes to repopulate before coming back for further observation. When he returns five years later, he finds a very homogenous-looking population of snakes. What is the name of the effect he observed?
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Founder Effect
c)
Disaster effect
d)
Bottleneck effect
6.
Refer to the illustration above. During which time period are the birth rate and death rate equal
a)
period 1
b)
period 2
c)
period 3
d)
period 4
7.
As a population reaches its carrying capacity, there may be an increase in competition for
a)
food
b)
shelter
c)
mates
d)
all the above
8.
Biodiversity refers to
a)
extinct species
b)
the variety of species on Earth
c)
nonrenewable resources
d)
the rate of species decline
9.
The movement of individuals into a population
a)
emigration
b)
immigration
c)
dispersion
d)
population density
10.
The two species, Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum, which do not prey upon each other, fighting to grow in the same test tube is an example of which of the following?
a)
Competition
b)
Predation
c)
Emigration
d)
Immigration
11.
Living factors or organisms that affect an ecosystem
a)
abiotic factors
b)
species
c)
trophic level
d)
biotic factors
12.
Which of the following words means death rate?
a)
Natality
b)
Mortality
c)
Emigration
d)
Immigration
13.
Number of organisms per unit of living area
a)
Population density
b)
dispersion
c)
carrying capacity
d)
population growth rate
14.
Without genetic diversity, a species will most likely...
a)
grow above its carrying capacity
b)
go extinct
c)
become resistant to diseases
d)
fight off an invasive species
15.
What happened to the wolf population between 1980 and 1982?
a)
it increased rapidly
b)
it decreased rapidly
16.
What was the moose population in 1975?
a)
30
b)
1600
c)
1200
d)
40
17.
Which is not an example of an adaptation?
a)
A bird's beak allows it to crack open hard nuts.
b)
A zebra's stripes allow it to confuse its predators.
c)
A frog's large hind legs allow it to jump from danger.
d)
A cat sleeps on the sofa to avoid the vacuum cleaner.
18.
What was the name of the scientist who had the theory of evolution?
a)
Lamarck
b)
Einstein
c)
Washington
d)
Darwin
19.
Changes in a body to fit a location.
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
20.
When every organism of a species has died.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artificial Selection
21.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat different types of food.
c)
To fly faster.
d)
To confuse scientists.
22.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
23.
Evolution means...
a)
Change over time in a population.
b)
That everything is the same.
c)
That organisms never change.
d)
Negative traits are acquired in populations.
24.
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring?
a)
Evolution
b)
Variation
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection
25.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
26.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
27.
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its...
a)
era
b)
age
c)
half-life
d)
eon
28.
Which best describes radiometric dating?
a)
using instruments that detect radioactivity to figure out how old something is
b)
measuring the relative amounts of a radioactive isotope and a daughter product to figure out the age of a sample
c)
measuring how quickly the different radioactive isotopes in a sample decay to figure out the age of the sample
d)
using short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation to determine the age of a sample
29.
Scientists use radioactive decay to measure...
a)
relative time
b)
absolute time
c)
half-lives
d)
time of day
30.
What element is usually used to date fossils?
a)
uranium-235
b)
carbon-14
c)
mercury-203
d)
thorium-234
31.
How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?
a)
2015 years old
b)
3.6 billion years old
c)
4.6 billion years old
d)
4.6 million years old
32.
When scientists use logic to determine the age of one fossil compared to another, they use this type of dating.
a)
Relative
b)
Carbon
c)
Absolute
33.
Which of the following can scientists NOT interpret from examining fossils?
a)
How Earth’s environment has changed over time
b)
How plants and animals have changed over time
c)
The age of certain layers of rocks
d)
How the pull of gravity has changed
34.
A common ancestor for both C and E could be at position __.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
35.
What explains the inclusion of rabbits?
a)
they are an outgroup
b)
they are the most recent ancestor of primates
c)
they have a short generation time and are easy to study
d)
they possess shared derived characteristics of the included species
36.
If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders and if organisms D, E, and F belong to the same order but to different families, which of the following pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?
a)
A and B
b)
D and F
c)
B and D
d)
C and F
37.
Which piece of evidence BEST supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?
a)
Mitochondria and chloroplast are the same size as present day extant bacteria.
b)
They divide by a process that is similar to meiosis.
c)
Mitochondria and chloroplast both contain DNA and can make their own proteins.
38.
The most precise information to use when making phylogenetic trees is...
a)
morphology
b)
molecular
c)
fossil
d)
synapomorphies
39.
On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other islands can evolve into separate species. Which of the following best explains why speciation is favored in such a situation?
a)
Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands.
b)
The physical separation of the islands from the main island limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations.
c)
Lack of disease on the other island enables the populations to grow and change without limits.
d)
The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year long and produce several generations.
40.
When using the morphological species concept, you must be careful of species looking the same because of...
a)
Sexual selection
b)
Macroevolution
c)
Convergent Evolution
d)
Adaptation
41.
1. What is extinction?
a)
When an organism reproduces
b)
The inside of a nucleus
c)
When a species dies off from Earth.
42.
2. What is a Mass Extinction?
a)
When an organism dies off from Earth
b)
When multiple species or organisms die off from Earth
c)
A type of trait
43.
3. Which one was one or more reasons we learned that can cause extinctions?
a)
natural factors
b)
man made factors
c)
all the options are correct
44.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the wings of an ostrich
45.
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
a)
no evolutionary relationships between the groups
b)
recent common ancestry
c)
similar environments in the past
d)
evolution from a distant common ancestor
46.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as ____________.
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
divergent evolution
47.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
48.
Two organisms that are closely related would have ______________.
a)
very similar DNA sequences
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
49.
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. The change is called a(n) _________.
a)
mutation
b)
gene flow
c)
gene pool
d)
allele
50.
What is adaptive radiation (divergent evolution)?
a)
Combining of two species to form one with different traits.
b)
Isolation that affects mating behaviors.
c)
Timing of mating that prevents normal sexual selection.
d)
Divergence of two or more species from an existing one.
51.
Two species are in different environments and look very similar. However, that are not closely related (analogous). Their resemblance is most likely an example of _____________.
a)
homologous structures
b)
geographic isolation
c)
convergent evolution
d)
divergent evolution
52.
How would you describe the type of evolution shown in the diagram?
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaptation
d)
Functional adaptation
53.
A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of
a)
natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
extinction
d)
adaptation
54.
Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?
a)
natural variation found in all populations
b)
unrelated species living in different locations
c)
changes in the inherited characteristics of a population over time
d)
struggle for existence undergone by all iving things
55.
The term for the study of embryos of various organisms.
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
56.
How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its _______.
a)
fitness
b)
homologies
c)
common descent
d)
analogies
57.
What is defined as a group of organisms that have grasping hands and feet as well as forward placement of eyes; descended from common, shrew-like mammal ancestor?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
58.
Which group contains prosimians, monkeys, gorillas, and humans?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
59.
Which group contains gorillas, and humans?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
60.
Which group contains only humans?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
61.
What term is defined as walking upright on 2 feet?
a)
diurnal
b)
bipedalism
c)
primates
d)
hominoid
62.
A bowl-shaped pelvis and foramen magnum forward (opening of skull below head) are the features that allowed humans to do what?
a)
walk fully upright
b)
sleep at night
c)
climb trees
d)
hold onto weapons
63.
Seeing food, decreased body surface exposed to sun, increased body surface to breezes are examples of what?
a)
advantages of bipedalism
b)
disadvantages of bipedalism
64.
Which hominin species came first - Australopithecus or Homo?
a)
Australopithecus species
b)
Homo species
65.
Which is defined as modern humans evolving only once, in Africa, and then migrating to all parts of the world, eventually displacing other hominins?
a)
Multiregional hypothesis
b)
Out of Africa hypothesis
66.
Hominins
a)
are all only members of genus Homo
b)
exist only in the fossil record
c)
can walk erect
d)
includes apes and monkeys
67.
Primates possess several distinguishing features. These include
a)
a body covering of fure or hair
b)
an ability to walk erect
c)
an opposable digit
d)
a straight-line arrangement of femur and tibia.
68.
A fossil belonging to the genus Homo will show
a)
a rounded skull
b)
a brain capacity of 400 ml
c)
large canine teeth
d)
a gap between the second incisor and the canine teeth.
69.
The following shows hominin species in orde from the most ancient appearance in the fossil record to the most recent
a)
A. anamensis, A africanus, H erectus, H. heidelburgensis
b)
A adarensis, H habilis, A agricanus, H sapiens
c)
A ramidus, A. africanus, A.afarensis, H. sapiens
d)
A. afarensis, A agricanus, H. habilis, H. heidelbergenisis
70.
Key elements in interpreting an ape fossil as being hominin include:
a)
location of the foramen magnum
b)
presence of pre-molar teeth
c)
presence of a lower jaw comprising a single bone
d)
occurrence of opposable digits
71.
Outcomes of cultural evolution in the genus Homo include:
a)
enlargement of the brain
b)
ability to walk erect
c)
refinement of tool-making skills
d)
reduction of tooth size
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