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AP Bio Unit 4 Review

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
2.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
3.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
4.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
5.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
6.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
7.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
8.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
9.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
10.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
11.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
12.
Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
 Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
13.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

14.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

15.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

16.

Which letter represents the secondary proteins?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

17.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

18.

Which letter(s) can be proteins? (multiple answers are correct)

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

19.

How do bacteria sense local population density?

a)

quorum sensing

b)

bacteria sensing

c)

signal sensing

d)

population sensing

20.

The nasty on your teeth in the morning is an example of what?

a)

biofilm

b)

saliva

c)

dry toothpaste residue

d)

bacterial hormomes

21.

Name the two main second messengers.

a)

cAMP

b)

GTP

c)

Calcium ions

d)

ligands

22.

The final activated molecule in a signaling pathway may function as a what?

a)

transcription factor

b)

second messenger

c)

kinase

d)

phosphatase

23.

One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.

a)

true

b)

false

24.

What word means programmed cell death?

a)

apoptosis

b)

mitosis

c)

Ced-9

d)

bleb

25.

Cell death is a bad thing.

a)

true

b)

false

26.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
27.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
28.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
a)
To create new daughter cells
b)
To prevent cancer from developing
c)
To help the body fight viruses and bacteria
29.

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

a)

Metaphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Cancer

d)

Diabetes

30.
The cell carries out normal functions during..
a)
interphase
b)
cytokinesis
c)
mitosis
31.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
32.
Which of the following statements is true of cytokinesis
a)
takes place in plant cells only
b)
completes the cell cycle
c)
organizes DNA
d)
occurs in prophase
33.
Which of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.
a)
Growth
b)
Recovering from injuries
c)
Replacement of dead cells
d)
Sexual reproduction
34.
The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
35.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
36.
How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?
a)
animal cells form a cell plate
b)
plant cells form a cell plate
c)
plant cells go through the process in reverse
d)
plant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one
37.
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up on the equator of the cell?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
38.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
39.

What two components make an active MPF

a)

a growth factor and a mitotic factor

b)

ATP synthetase and a protease

c)

cyclin and tubulin

d)

cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

40.

Endocrine glands secrete _

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

A wide range of chemical substances

41.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

42.
The gland that stimulates body metabolism
a)
Thyroid
b)
testes
c)
ovary
d)
adrenal
43.

Hormone regulation operates under which type of feedback mechanism?

a)

positive feedback

b)

negative feedback

c)

zero feedback

d)

Hormones are not regulated

44.

Feedback loops are important because they allow organisms and the environment to

a)

change based on new inputs

b)

fall apart

c)

change based on new outputs

d)

maintain balance

45.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
46.
Insulin is secreted by:
a)
α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
b)
β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
c)
β-cells in the pancreatic medulla
d)
α-cells in the pancreatic cortex
47.
Glucagon is secreted by:
a)
α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
b)
β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
c)
β-cells in the pancreatic medulla
d)
α-cells in the pancreatic cortex
48.
Glucose levels in the blood are controlled by the:
a)
Pancreas
b)
Thyroid
c)
Parathyroids
d)
Adrenal Glands
49.
A person who is having an anaphylactic reaction is given an inject of epinephrine. The purpose of this is primarily to:
a)
Dilate pupils
b)
Open air passage ways
c)
Increase blood sugar
d)
Dilate blood vessels in muscles
50.
The hormone that lowers blood sugar is:
a)
Insulin
b)
Glucagon
c)
Cortisol
d)
GnRH
51.
Hormones that enter cells directly to cause changes are usually:
a)
Steroids
b)
Proteins
52.
The second messenger produced by the action of many protein hormones is:
a)
cAMP
b)
Adenylate Cyclase
c)
G-Protein
d)
Epinephrine
53.

What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Parathyroid Hormone

54.
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth of long bones?
a)
Prolactin
b)
Thyrotropin
c)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
d)
Human growth hormone
55.
Insufficient production during childhood results in dwarfism, while overproduction results in gigantism.
a)
Insulin
b)
Follicle stimulating hormone
c)
Oxytocin
d)
Human growth hormone
56.
Cells that ingest pathogens are
a)
plasma cells
b)
phagocytic cells
c)
helper T cells
d)
antibodies
57.
Anything that triggers an immune response is a/n
a)
lymph cell
b)
antigen
c)
antibody
d)
neutrop
58.
 Like all other body systems, the immune system helps the body maintain homeostasis.  Which statement best describes how the immune system does this?  
a)
it protects other organs and tissues from infection and disease
b)
it breaks down food to provide cells with nutrients
c)
it gathers information through the senses and controls all other body systems
d)
 it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
59.
What do B cells produce?
a)
antigens
b)
macrophages
c)
T cells
d)
antibodies
60.
What do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?
a)
Anti inflammatory
b)
Antigens
c)
Antiseptic
d)
Antibodies
61.
Pathogens are recognized by their...
a)
antigens
b)
antibodies
c)
killer t-cells
d)
B-cells
62.
Out of t-cells and b-cells which is the helper cell?
a)
b-cells
b)
t-cells
c)
neither
d)
both
63.

Which of the following is NOT acquired

a)

production of antibodies

b)

helper T cell making memory cells

c)

cytotoxic T cell killing infected body cell

d)

creation of histamine during a splinter infection

64.

Which cell is directly associated with cell mediated responses

a)

macrophage

b)

helper T cell

c)

cytotoxic T cell

d)

B cell

65.

Which of the following is NOT true of autoimmune diseases

a)

the immune system targets "self"

b)

the immune system has been deactivated

c)

the immune system has over active cytotoxic T cells

d)

mutliple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease

66.

Vaccines will trigger your body to make all of the following EXCEPT

a)

antibodies

b)

memory cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

red blood cells

67.

Vaccinations will

a)

give you a deadly disease

b)

give you autism

c)

give you memory cells

d)

give you autoimmune diseases

68.

Which of the following is NOT specific?

a)

Helper T cell

b)

Cytoxic T cell

c)

B cell

d)

Macrophage

69.

Which is the most important thing used in the first line of defense?

a)

macrophage

b)

fever

c)

skin

d)

antigens

70.

Each antibody is specifically made to attach to only one type of antigen

a)

True

b)

False

71.

Once you have Influenza A, you will never be sick from that specific pathogen again.

a)

True

b)

False

72.

What type of response is this

a)

nonspecific and humoral

b)

nonspecific and cell mediated

c)

specific and humoral

d)

specific and cell mediated

73.
Which is an example of passive immunity?
a)
You have been infected
b)
You have been vaccinated
c)
You made antibodies
d)
You got your mother's antibodies
74.
What do memory cells do?
a)
Kills the virus
b)
Eats the virus
c)
Patrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.
d)
Makes antibodies
75.
Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
a)
You get a vaccination
b)
You create antibodies
c)
You get infected
d)
All of these are correct

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