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WorksheetsAtomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Review
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 26mins
An unstable nucleus loses the most mass if the nucleus emits _____.
an alpha particle
a beta particle
a gamma ray
a neutron
Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes in different percent abundance, Mg–24, Mg–25, and Mg–26. Which of the following isotopes would you expect to have the highest percent abundance?
Mg-24
Mg-25
Mg-26
Vanadium comprises two isotopes and has an average atomic mass of 50.9415 amu. V-51 has an abundance of 97%. What is the identity and percent abundance of vanadium’s other isotope?
V-49, with an abundance of 3.0%
V-50, with an abundance of 3.0%
V-48, with an abundance of 5.0%
V-47, with an abundance of 6.0%
Which set of atoms is in the correct order of increasing atomic radii?
Rb < Na < Li
Cl < P < S
He < Ne < Ar
F < As < Ba
Which grouping of circles, when considered in order from the top to the bottom, best represents the relative size of the atoms of Li, Na, K and Rb, respectively?
The table gives information about the nucleus of each of the four atoms. How many different elements are represented by the nuclei in the table?
1
2
3
4
An increase in atomic number is related to an increase in atomic mass because:
more electrons are present in the atomic nucleus.
more electrons are orbiting the atomic nucleus.
more protons are present in the atomic nucleus.
more protons are orbiting the atomic nucleus.
Which pair of atoms represent nuclei that have the same number of neutrons?
56Co and 58Co
57Mn and 57Fe
58Ni and 57Fe
58Ni and 57Co
Which of the following are examples of everyday uses of nuclear reactions?
1. Food irradiation
2. Medical use of radioactive isotopes
3. A combustion engine
4. A nuclear power plant
5. Smoke detectors
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 4, 5
1, 2, 3, 4
Rutherford bombarded a gold foil with alpha particles. Most of the particles went straight through the foil, and a few were deflected. Which of these conclusions can be drawn from Rutherford’s experiment?
An atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus.
An atom is composed of at least three types of subatomic particles.
An electron has a positive charge and is located inside the nucleus.
An electron has properties of both waves and particles.
The image shows a model of the element _____.
oxygen
flourine
helium
beryllium
As shown in the image, J.J. Thomson showed that a cathode ray bends when it passes between charged plates as it travels from one electrode to another in a sealed tube. A separate experiment showed that the charge-to-mass ratio of the particles in the cathode ray was independent of the type of gas in the tube. What idea did these experiments lead Thomson to contribute to atomic theory?
All atoms have a negative charge.
Atoms contain particles that have a negative charge.
Atoms contain particles that have a positive charge.
None of the choices are correct.
If the trend shown in the table continues, how much of element X will remain after 100 days of decay?
5.25 g
6.25 g
3.125 g
12.50 g
How is it possible that beta decay is an electron that comes from the nucleus when electrons are located in a cloud outside of the nucleus?
Beta-decay is losing one electron from the cloud around the nucleus.
Beta-decay is losing one electron from a neutron from inside the nucleus.
Beta-decay is losing one electron from a proton from inside the nucleus.
Beta-decay is losing two protons and two neutrons from the nucleus.
According to the graph, an element such as uranium-238 decays _____
until its nucleus no longer contains any protons.
until its nucleus becomes stable.
until its neutron : proton ratio is approximately 1:2.
until it reaches a state of instability.
What particle is needed to complete the nuclear reaction shown?
Which of the equations represents a fission reaction?
I and II only
III and IV only
I, II, and IV
I, II, and V
Which radiation source is the most damaging to the human body and is not a particle?
Alpha emission
Beta emission
Gamma emission
The English chemist John Dalton formulated an atomic theory based on his observations.
In 1897, J. J. Thomson showed that negative charges could be made to move from one end of a cathode ray tube to another, causing the tube to glow. Because of this, Thomson is credited with the discovery of the electron. Which part of Dalton’s atomic theory conflicted with Thomson’s new data based on this information?
1
2
3
4
Which of these three types of radiation will penetrate the aluminum?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Radiation that consists of helium nuclei is _____.
alpha radiation
beta radiation
gamma radiation
visible light
The image shows how alpha, beta, and gamma rays affect two electrically charged plates. Why do gamma rays go straight through/up?
They are negative and attracted to the positive plate.
They are positive and attracted to the negative plate.
They have no charge and attract to neither plate.
Explain, using nuclear charge, why atomic radius decreases across a period.
Atomic radius increases across a period.
The increased positively charged nucleus pulls in the smaller negatively charged electrons more as nuclear charge increases across the period.
Neutrons pull in the electrons more.
Electrons pull the protons out from the nucleus.
How many molecules are in 250 g of water?
6.022 x 1023 molecules
8.36 x 1024 molecules
1.80 x 1024 molecules
An unknown element X exists as two naturally occurring isotopes. X-69 occurs 60.1% of the time, and X-71 occurs 39.9%. Using the percent abundance of the isotopes, calculate the correct average atomic mass to determine the element's identity.
Zn
Ga
Ge
Which isotope does this nuclear reaction create, and which type of reaction occurred?
A new element has been produced in our lab. It is called purpleton, Pu. The most common isotope contains 108 protons and 135 neutrons. What is the correct symbol for this isotope?
What is the nuclear composition of Uranium-235?
92 electrons and 143 protons
92 protons and 143 electrons
143 protons and 92 neutrons
92 protons and 143 neutrons
Which of the following subatomic particles gives the nucleus of an atom its mass?
Protons only
Electrons only
Both protons and neutrons
Neutrons only
Which of the following subatomic particles has a negative charge?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Both protons and electrons
The image shows a boron atom.
W = nucleus, X = neutrons, Y = Protons, Z = Electrons
Which letter identifies the element above?
Letter W
Letter X
Letter Y
Letter Z
The image represents the nucleus of an atom. What are the atomic number and mass number of this atom?
The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 11.
The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 20.
The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 19.
The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 20.
How does the radioactive isotope C-14 differ C-12?
It has a different number of protons and two less neutrons than C-12.
It has the same number of protons and two more electrons than C-12.
It has the same number of protons and two more neutrons than C-12.
It has a different number of protons and two more neutrons than C-12.
How many neutrons are in the atom in the image?
88
220
132
308
The isotope formed by the beta decay of potassium in the image has an atomic number of _____.
18
39
20
21
An unstable nucleus loses the most mass if the nucleus emits _____.
a neutron
a gamma ray
a beta particle
an alpha particle
Which source of radiation is the most damaging to the human body and is not a particle?
An alpha emission
a beta emission
a gamma emission
Which experiment lead to the discovery of the atomic nucleus?
Thomson: Cathode tubes
Dalton: Observation
Rutherford: Gold Foil
Mendeleev: Periodic Table
Which type of nuclear reaction occurs on the sun?
Fission
Fusion
Balance the nuclear equation shown.
Balance the nuclear equation shown.
Balance the nuclear equation shown.
Identify the symbol for the isotope of Nitrogen that has seven neutrons.
Identify the symbol for the isotope of Nitrogen that has eight neutrons.
Which of the following statements accurately describes alpha particles in terms of charge and mass when compared to beta particles?
Alpha particles are positively charged and have less mass than beta particles.
Alpha particles are negatively charged and have more mass than beta particles.
Alpha particles are positively charged and have more mass than beta particles.
Alpha particles are negatively charged and have less mass than beta particles.
How is it possible that beta decay is an electron that comes from the nucleus when electrons are located in a cloud outside of the nucleus?
Beta-decay is losing one electron from a proton from inside the nucleus.
Beta-decay is losing two protons and two neutrons from the nucleus.
Beta-decay is losing one electron from the cloud around the nucleus.
Beta-decay is losing one electron from a neutron from inside the nucleus.
The element Gallium exists as two naturally occurring isotopes. X-69 occurs 60.1% of the time, and X-71 occurs 39.9%. Calculate the correct average atomic mass of Gallium.
69.798 amu
70.202 amu
6979.8 amu
7020.2 amu
An isotope has a different number of _____.
