Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for ________ _______.

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n) ______________.

Heat energy produced from muscle contraction is released through the ________ system.

The cell membrane of skeletal muscle is called the ___________.

What are the four characteristics of muscle? (pick 4 answers)

What are the three layers of connective tissue associated with muscle tissue? (pick 3 answers)

A band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs is called ________.

_______________ are bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium.

Muscles have 3 layers of connective tissues, which layer is described below?

Exterior collagen layer

Connected to deep fascia

Separates muscle from surrounding tissues

Muscles have 3 layers of connective tissues, which layer is described below?

Surrounds muscle fiber bundles (fascicles)

Contains blood vessel and nerve supply to fascicles

Muscles have 3 layers of connective tissues, which layer is described below?

Surrounds individual muscle cells (muscle fibers)

Contains capillaries and nerve fibers

Contains satellite cells (stem cells) that repair damage

Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium come together at the ends of muscles to form connective tissue attachment to bone matrix. If they come together in a bundle that connects muscle to bone it is called a __________.

Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium come together at the ends of muscles to form connective tissue attachment to bone matrix. If they come together in a flat sheet that covers and forms the terminations and attachments of various muscles it is called an ______________.

Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, controlled by ________________ of the central nervous system

Muscles have extensive vascular systems that supply large amounts of ____________, supply nutrients, and carry away wastes.

What is the structure labeled #1 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #2 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #3 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #4 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #5 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #6 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #7 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #8 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

What is the structure labeled #9 in the diagram below of muscle tissue?

Skeletal muscle cells are called _______

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what does #1 represent?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what does #2 represent?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what does #5 represent?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what does #6 represent?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what does #7 represent?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what does #8 represent?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what proteins would be found at the structure labeled #3?

In the diagram of skeletal muscle below what protein would be found at the structure labeled #4?

What proteins make up structure #1?

What proteins make up structure #2?

In the diagram below what does #1 represent?

In the diagram below what does #2 represent?

_________________ are made of the protein actin and the accessory proteins troponin and tropomyosin.

_________________ are made of the protein myosin

What are the lengthwise subdivisions within muscle fibers that are made up of bundles of myofilaments that are responsible for muscle contraction?

These structures transmit the action potential (nerve impulse) through the muscle cell and allow entire muscle fiber to contract simultaneously.

What is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber?

This is like the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber (cell)

Identify the structure labeled #1 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #2 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #3 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #4 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #5 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #6 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #7 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

What does the structure labeled #7 store that will help in muscle contraction?

Identify the structure labeled #8 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #9 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #10 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Identify the structure labeled #11 in the diagram of muscle tissue.

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for ______________.

In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases ____________.

Active sites on the actin become available for binding when calcium binds to _________.

The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the ___________.

After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as __________________.

The area of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments and that stay the same length during muscle contraction are the _____ ________.

What is the midpoint or midline of a sarcomere?

What is the ends of a sarcomere and also the midpoint of the I band?

What is the area around the M line that has thick filaments but no thin filaments?

What part of the sarcomere is described below?

The area of the sarcomere that contain thin filaments and no thick filaments. This part of the sarcomere also shrinks or gets smaller during muscle contraction.

During step 1 of muscle contraction An action potential (nerve impulse) arrives at the Neuromuscular junction (synapse). ________________ are released and bind to sarcolemma.

During step 2 of muscle contraction An action potential (nerve impulse) is generated and travels down the _______________.

During step 3 of muscle contraction when the action potential reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum __________ are released from the SR.

During step 4 of muscle contraction the calcium ions bind to the ________, troponin changes shape (removing the shield of tropomyosin), and the actin active sites are exposed.

During step 5 of muscle contraction contraction occurs. Myosin cross bridges (myosin heads) attach and detach from actin pulling the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere. The release of energy from __________ powers this contraction process.

During step 6 of muscle contraction The muscle is contracted and shortens. The sarcomeres within the muscle cell have all contracted with the __________ disappearing and the I bands getting smaller

During step 7 of muscle contraction once the action potential ends calcium ions are transported back into the _________________.

During step 8 of muscle contraction the removal of calcium ions causes ________________ to re-shield the binding sites on the actin strands, which blocks the active sites on actin

During step 9 of muscle contraction muscle contraction ends. The muscle lengthens and relaxes. The sarcomeres within the sarcomere are back to normal and the H zone reappears and I bands have gotten _________.

The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber.

The type of muscle fiber that is the quickest to fatigue is the ________ fiber.

________ muscle is mostly made of fast fibers.

________ muscle is mostly made of slow fibers.

Sustained muscle contraction uses a lot of _______energy

What is the active energy molecule in muscle contraction?

What is the storage molecule for

excess ATP energy in resting

muscle?

What are the three ways muscle Cells produce ATP? ( pick 3 answers)

CP ( creatine phosphate) transfers energy to _______, to regenerate ATP

Direct _________________________ is:

Used for activities that require brief yet massive power surges

Weightlifting, sprinting, diving, etc.

VERY fast since CP is already in the muscle

Very reversible SO is easily & quickly replenished when muscles are inactive

_____________ is a reaction that breaks down glucose without oxygen through Glycolysis with lactic acid fermentation

What is the series of metabolic pathways that occur in the mitochondria when resting/slowly contracting muscles use glucose or fatty acids and oxygen to break it down to carbon dioxide and water which releases energy that can be captured in the form of ATP?

During Aerobic Respiration Glucose and  oxygen are required to produce 36-38 ATP,  ________, and  ______. The duration of energy produced can be hours. This type of energy production is used for activities that require endurance rather than power like Jogging, marathon running, walking, etc.

Anaerobic respiration is 2 ½ times faster than aerobic respiration so it can be utilized quickly by the muscle. BUT, it is very ___________ - Huge amounts of glucose are needed to produce small amounts of ATP

During anaerobic respiration ___________ produces muscle fatigue

What is this diagram showing?

What is this diagram showing?

What is this diagram showing?

Active muscles produce heat. Up to ___% of muscle energy can be lost as heat, raising body temperature.

___________ is the normal tension and firmness of a muscle at rest.

___________ is occurs when muscles can no longer perform a required activity.

The ________________ is the time required after exertion for muscles to return to normal, oxygen becomes available, and mitochondrial activity resumes.

The ________________ involves the removal and recycling of lactic acid by the liver. Liver converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid. Glucose is released to recharge muscle glycogen reserves.

____________ occurs after exercise when the body needs more oxygen than usual to normalize metabolic activities which results in heavy breathing.

What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers? (pick 3 answers)

What type of skeletal muscle fibers are described below?

Contract very quickly

Have large diameter, large glycogen reserves, few mitochondria

Have strong contractions, fatigue quickly

What type of skeletal muscle fibers are described below?

Are slow to contract, slow to fatigue

Have small diameter, more mitochondria

Have high oxygen supply

Contain myoglobin (red pigment, binds oxygen)

What type of skeletal muscle fibers are described below?

Are mid-sized

Have low myoglobin

Have more capillaries than fast fiber, slower to fatigue than fast fibers

intermediate amount of mitochondria

____________ is muscle growth from heavy training

When muscles grow the number of muscle fibers (cells) does not increase but the diameter of the muscle increases due to an increase in the number of ________.

Typically Men are physically stronger than women, who have, on average, less total muscle mass, both in absolute terms and relative to total body mass. The greater muscle mass of men is the result of _______________ -induced muscular hypertrophy. Men also have denser, stronger bones, tendons, and ligaments.

________________ occurs due to a lack of muscle activity which results in reduced muscle size, tone, and power.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Caused by possible overuse of muscle or electrolyte abnormalities. Locations include: calf, trapezius, chest wall, latissimus dorsi, legs, and toes. Involves quick painful cramping of muscle and leaves quickly with stretching, medication, or massage.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle. Types: abdominal, inguinal, and hiatal. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and vomiting. Treatment includes organ going back through the muscle wall on its own, a doctor can push it back into the right place, and surgery to put organ back into place and repair muscle.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Although the exact cause is not known, it is believed that this is an autoimmune disease. It is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Symptoms include weakness of the muscles, tremors, lack of coordination, vision problems, slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness, tingling or pain in parts of your body. There is no known cure.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Tearing and straining of the muscle causing injury and bleeding in the muscle. Symptoms include Pain, Swelling, and depending on severity, inability to use muscle. With treatment muscle should repair without difficulty.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

It can be a sudden injury, but it is most likely to come from the repetition of a particular movement over time. Symptoms include Pain and tenderness along a tendon, usually near a joint. Symptoms improve with treatment and rest.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Cause is unknown. Symptoms include chronic muscle pain that lasts 3-4 months in certain muscle points, headache, fatigue, feelings of numbness, and pain in the joints. A blood test called a FM/A identifies blood cell markers produced by immune system to identify disease. Treatment focuses on pain relief, stretching, massage, relaxation, and chiropractic procedures

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Autoimmune disease where muscle weakness occurs when the connection between the nerves and muscle is lost. Symptoms include droopy eyelids, double vision, and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Treatment includes medications, thymectomy, and plasmapheresis.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

Infection of the nervous system with the potentially deadly bacteria Clostridium tetani. Treated with antibiotics and bed rest. Without treatment you can die and with treatment less than 10% of infected people die.

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

A group of diseases in which the muscle cells deteriorate and is caused by a genetic defect

Symptoms include weakness of the muscles, falling, waddling gait, and difficulty getting up from a lying or sitting position. Depending on the type some live to in their 20’s

Name the disease/disorder of the muscular system described below.

A disease that causes the breakdown of skeletal muscle. This breakdown causes myoglobin release in the bloodstream.

Myoglobin is a protein that stores oxygen in the muscles. Too much myoglobin in the blood can lead to kidney damage. Can be caused from Trauma, Infection, inflammation, Medications, Toxins, and Genetic disorders