Blood pressure is regulated through the actions of the kidneys. 

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

A decrease in blood pressure will cause an increase in GFR through sympathetic stimulation

  The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of water and ions salt entering it.   

Since water follows the reabsorption of Na⁺ in the proximal tubule, the filtrate is isosmotic with the blood. 

As the tubular filtrate moves through the descending limb of the loop of Henle, the osmolality of the filtrate increases

The collecting duct is naturally impermeable to salt but permeable to water. 

The maximal response to antidiuretic hormone occurs in the cortical nephrons

 Inulin clearance gives a measurement of the glomerular filtration rate. 

The renal plasma clearance of a substance that is filtered and reabsorbed must be less than the GFR.

Only about 20% of renal blood is filtered in one pass through the

Increased aldosterone secretion stimulates renal potassium retention

In response to low blood plasma Na⁺, reduced ADH will decrease water volume in the blood to match lower Na⁺ concentration while increased aldosterone will increase Na⁺ reabsorption to match the higher water volume of blood.

What structures carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder? 

The __________ is a capillary network that produces a blood filtrate that enters the urinary tubules. 

The _______________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine. 

The efferent arteriole delivers blood to the _______________ (choose all that apply)

The renal pelvis receives urine from the 

The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney. 

The average glomerular filtration rate is equal to 

Increased sympathetic neuron activity will cause 

The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood pressures is called 

Systemic hypotension would induce __________ of afferent arterioles. 

The sensor in tubule glomerular feedback is a group of cells called the 

Glomerular filtration would be decreased by (choose all that apply)

Through renal autoregulation, an increase in blood pressure will cause the afferent arteriole to ____ and therefore the GFR will ____. A. dilate, not change.

The return of molecules from the tubules to the blood is called 

The majority of reabsorption occurs in the 

Na⁺ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl^- reabsorption is a(n) __________ process

The ____ limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to salt

Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures? 

Which of the following is NOT a potential filtration barrier in the glomerular capsule? 

The primary filter to exclude proteins from the filtrate is the 

What is the order that filtrate must pass through to the glomerular capsule? 

The tubular filtrate osmolarity __________ as it flows through the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 

The concentration of renal filtrate is highest in the 

Countercurrent multiplication occurs by the actions of the 

_________ is a non salt molecule that contributes to the hypertonicity of the interstitial fluid of the renal tubules. 

Antidiuretic hormone:

The movement of molecules and ions from the peritubular capillaries into interstitial fluid and then into the nephron tubule is called 

If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR is 

Decreased glomerular filtration rate would 

The renal plasma clearance of a substance that is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted is ___ the GFR. 

The _________________ is the saturation point of renal carrier molecules. 

Excessive aldosterone secretion would induce 

Diuretics

The main region of aldosterone action is the 

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and increased sympathetic nerve activity by secreting 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is mostly present in the capillaries of the 

The presence of renin secreting tumors may cause 

Hemorrhage would induce 

Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by a(n) ____ in blood Na⁺ or a(n) ___ in blood K⁺. 

Spironolactone 

Loop diuretics such as Lasix