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WorksheetsMidterm Review
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 23hrs 30mins
A negative feedback mechanism __________.
acts to prevent the occurrence of any change in internal conditions
acts to enhance the effect of the initial stimulus
is exemplified by labor contractions during childbirth
acts to oppose or slow down the effect of the initial stimulus
is the only type of feedback mechanism
Anatomy is the study of _______ and physiology is the study of _______.
cells; microorganisms
structure; function
function; structure
animals; plants
The correct level of organization from smallest to largest in the human body is:
molecular, chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
molecular, atomical, tissue, organ system, organ, organismal
atomical, chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
cellular, chemical, tissue, organ system, organ, organismal
Homeostasis refers to ________.
changes in an organism´s immediate environment
the chemical operations underway in the body
the existence of a stable internal environment
specialization of individual cells to perform particular functions
the chemical imbalance of an internal environment
The subdivisions of the ventral body cavity include:
pericardial and pleural cavities
abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic cavities
thoracic, pericardial, and pleural cavities
abdominal and pericardial cavities
In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is __________.
positive feedback
the receptor
negative feedback
autoregulation
Heat production is a major function of the __________ system.
cardiovascular
nervous
muscular
endocrine
respiratory
This necessary life function includes all of the chemical reactions happening in our body.
maintaining boundaries
metabolism
homeostasis
responsiveness
Which organ system helps with our immunity by fighting germs and returning fluids to our blood vessels?
urinary
digestive
respiratory
lymphatic
This system sends chemical messages in the form of hormones from our glands to help regulate growth, development, and metabolism.
lymphatic
endocrine
nervous
cardiovascular
What is the main difference between gross anatomy vs. microscopic anatomy?
gross = too small to observe; microscopic = organs and bones
gross = cells; microscopic = organs and bones
gross = large and easily observable; microscopic = too small to see with naked eyes
gross = organs and bones; microscopic = large and easily observable
Which of the following feedback mechanisms is a response that exaggerates or increases the stimulus?
negative feedback
positive feedback
neutral feedback
balanced feedback
Which of the following cavities make up the main dorsal body cavity?
cranial and pelvic
pelvic and spinal
cranial and spinal
abdominal and thoracic
thoracic and ventral
Which organ system includes the testes, ovaries, and uterus in order to produce offspring?
integumentary
nervous
endocrine
respiratory
reproductive
The urinary system includes our bladder and kidneys in order to...
fight germs in order to strengthen our immune system
absorb and digest food
eliminate waste products and maintain water levels
distribute internal oxygen throughout our bodily fluids
Which organ system includes our brain in order to send electrical signals so we can respond to change?
nervous
endocrine
lymphatic
cardiovascular
integumentary
What are the smallest living units in the human body?
atoms
joints
bones
cells
subatomic particles
The digestive system processes and digests our food. Which of the following are some of the main organs that make up this system?
brain, nerves, spinal cord
bone, cartilage
testes, ovaries, uterus
bladder, kidneys
stomach, liver, intestines
Which system includes our lungs and takes in oxygen for us to breathe as well release carbon dioxide?
reproductive
respiratory
cardiovascular
endocrine
nervous
The cardiovascular system is responsible for the internal distribution of oxygen and blood throughout our body. What are some of the main organs that make this system up?
heart, arteries, veins
brain, nerves, spinal cord
stomach, liver, intestines
glands, nodes, skin
Together, just four elements make up more than 96% of the body's mass. These include:
Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Carbon
Oxygen, Calcium, Iron, Nitrogen
Sodium, Chlorine, Carbon, Hydrogen
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
All isotopes of a particular element possess:
identical atomic weights
the same number of protons, but different number of electrons
the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
identical atomic weights and numbers
_______ elements have a complete valence shell and are stable, while _______ elements are unstable with valence shells that are not full.
inert; radioactive
inert; reactive
reactive; inert
radioactive; inert
What determines the pH of a solution?
the number of ionic bonds available
the hydrogen ion concentration
the strength of the hydrogen bonds present
the number of water molecules available
Using the picture, what is the pH of baking soda?
10
9
5
7
What is the main characteristic of inorganic compounds that separate them from organic compounds?
contains both carbon and hydrogen
lacks carbon
tends to be more complex
most are covalently bonded
Simple sugars are also known as:
polymers
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
Amino acids are the building blocks, or monomers, for:
nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
All of the following are organic compounds except:
nucleic acids
water
proteins
carbohydrates
Energy (fuel) needed for chemical reactions in the body is provided by the breakdown of:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
_______ is anything occupying space with mass.
energy
elements
atoms
cells
matter
_______ is the ability to do work in stored (potential) or active (kinetic) manners.
energy
matter
reactive elements
inert elements
The atomic number of an element is based on the number of _______.
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons and neutrons
What type of compound contains carbon and tend to be more complex?
inorganic
inert
organic
reactive
Which of the following inorganic compounds make up 2/3 of the human body's weight and has a high specific heat capacity?
acids
bases
salt
water
_______ are chemicals that can regulate pH changes.
enzymes
proteins
nucleic acids
buffers
elements
Which of the following organic compounds include sugars and starches?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
Lipids are an organic compound that include:
simple sugars (monosaccharides)
neutral fats (triglycerides)
amino acids (proteins)
nucleotides (nucleic acids)
Which of the following is not a nucleotide base that makes up DNA or RNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Urine
Which of the following represents the most acidic pH solution?
pH 3
pH 6
pH 9
pH 12
This structure is the central core of the cell and its genetic material is DNA.
nucleus
glycosome
mitochondria
centrosome
This site serves as the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes.
peroxisome
plasma membrane
chromatin
nucleolus
The outermost boundary of the cell which makes up the three main parts of the human cell is the _________.
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
enzymes
What structure of the cell is like tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increases the cell's surface area?
filaments
microfilament
microtubule
microvilli
The plasma membrane consists...
of mostly proteins
entirely of carbohydrates and cholesterol
of a double phospholipid layer
of DNA
This structure is called the powerhouse of the cell because it generates the cell's energy.
ribosome
ATP
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
The simple diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is _______.
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
filtration
Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are both examples of ____.
filtration
passive transport
active transport
facilitated diffusion
What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
mitosis results in two daughter nuclei, while cytokinesis results in two daughter cells
mitosis results in two daughter cells, while cytokinesis results in two daughter nuclei
mitosis only occurs in plants, while cytokinesis can occur in both plants and animals
mitosis can occur in both plants and animals, while cytokinesis only occurs in plants
What type of cell is shown in the picture?
cardiac muscle cell
red blood cell
nerve cell
skin cell
The ________ is the jelly-like fluid in cells that hold all organelles in place.
cytoplasm
nucleus
golgi apparatus
microvilli
What is a distinctive property of sperm that allows it to perform its special function?
has a large surface so it can store egg cells
has long branching nerves so it can communicate with egg cells
has a flagellum so it can move to an egg cell
has multiple layers so it can protect itself from damage
What type of cell is shown in the picture?
cardiac muscle cell
nerve cell
red blood cell
skin cell
What is the main difference between passive vs. active transport?
passive = no energy is required; active = metabolic energy is required
passive = metabolic energy is required; active = no energy is required
passive = pinocytosis and phagocytosis; active = osmosis and diffusion
passive = required for mitosis; active = required for cytokinesis
Two types of active transport include: _______ which moves material out of the cell in vesicles and ________ which engulfs substances into cells.
exocytosis; endocytosis
endocytosis; exocytosis
exocytosis; osmosis
endocytosis; osmosis
osmosis; endocytosis
Which of the following is the correct order of phases in the cell life cycle?
cytokinesis, telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase, interphase
interphase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase, cytokinesis
cytokinesis, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis are two examples of active transport. How are they different?
Pinocytosis = cell drinking; Phagocytosis = cell eating
Pinocytosis = cell eating; Phagocytosis = cell drinking
Pinocytosis = simple diffusion; Phagocytosis = facilitated diffusion
Pinocytosis = facilitated diffusion; Phagocytosis = simple diffusion
In cell division, _______ is the division of the nucleus, while ________ is the division of the cytoplasm.
interphase; telophase
telophase; interphase
mitosis; cytokinesis
cytokinesis; mitosis
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport. What is required in order for this type of diffusion to occur?
metabolic energy
a protein carrier
osmosis
active transport
What is a distinctive property of fat cells that allows it to perform its special function?
has a large surface area (sac/pocket) so it can store fat
has long branching nerves so it can communicate with other cells
has a flagellum so it can move fat to different body parts
has multiple layers so it can protect itself from damage
The human body's largest organ is the ______.
skin
heart
brain
intestines
liver
A human's hair and nails are mainly made of:
living, cuboidal cells
dead, keratinized cells
living, squamous cells
dead, nerve cells
Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
protection against injury
regulation of body heat
synthesizing insulin
prevention of desiccation (drying out)
Overall skin pigment is produced by cells called:
melanocytes
keratinocytes
adipocytes
langerhans cells
Which of the following serous membranes surrounds the heart?
peritoneum
pleura
pericardium
papillae
Which of the following skin homeostatic imbalances results from a fungal infection?
boils
impetigo
athlete's foot
cold sores
carbuncles
Which type of skin cancer is the least malignant/most common type?
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
stratum basale carcinoma
squamous spinosum melanoma
Which of the following needs to happen in order for burns to be considered critical?
over 25% of body has second-degree burns
over 10% of body has third-degree burns
third-degree burns are on face, hands, or feet
all answers are correct
Which hair structure is responsible for causing the hair to "stand up" or rise when a person is cold in order to create warmth?
hair follicle
hair bulb
arrector pili muscle
cutaneous muscle
sebaceous gland
Which skin color determinant is responsible specifically for orange-yellow pigment?
melanin
carotene
hemoglobin
keratin
Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
scapula
humerus
vertebral column
fibula
What is the type of bone that is strong, homogenous, and tight together for protection and support?
spongy
hyaline
compact
lambdoid
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
support
storage of minerals
production of blood cells
communication
What is the type of bone that is thin and usually curved, making up the skull and sternum?
long
short
flat
irregular
The skull is part of this skeleton category:
axial
compact
appendicular
spongy
What type of bone cell is known as bone-forming cells?
osteocytes
osteons
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
Which of the following is the type of arthritis that is considered an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and often leads to deformities?
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gouty arthritis
tendonitis
What is the main difference between a male pelvis and a female pelvis?
the male pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees, the females is less than 90 degrees
the males have no pubic arch, the females do
the males have a pubic arch, the females do not
the male pubic arch is less than 90 degrees, the females is greater than 90 degrees
What is the main difference between the Central (Haversian) Canal and the Perforating (Volkmann's) Canal?
Central = pathway outside of bone to inside, Perforating = carries blood vessels and nerves
Central = perpendicular to perforating, Perforating = center of osteon
Central = carries blood vessels and nerves, Perforating = center of osteon opening
Central = opening in center of osteon, Perforating = pathway from outside of bone to inside
What is the main difference between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones?
Diaphysis = yellow marrow, Epiphyses = red marrow
Diaphysis = shaft, Epiphyses = ends of bones
Diaphysis = covered by articular cartilage, Epiphyses = covered by periosteum
Diaphysis = spongy bone, Epiphyses = compact bone
_______ bones are small and needle-like with a lot of open spaces/holes.
compact
hyaline
spongy
long
The femur and humerus are examples of what bone shape?
long
short
flat
irregular
The vertebrae and hip bones are examples of which bone shape?
long
short
flat
irregular
What type of bone cell is known as bone-destroying cells?
osteocytes
osteons
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
Osteocytes are considered...
mature bone cells
bone-forming cells
bone-destroying cells
osteons
Which of the following does not make up part of the appendicular skeleton?
limb bones
skull
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle
Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?
skull
vertebral column
bony thorax
pelvis
Which of the following inflammatory conditions is the most common arthritis due to the normal aging process?
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gouty arthritis
tendonitis
Gouty arthritis is unique to the other inflammatory joint conditions because it is the only one currently known that can...
lead to deformities
be controlled by diet
attack the immune system
cause no pain
Small, cube-shaped bones, such as our carpals and tarsals, are considered to be _______ bones.
long
short
flat
irregular
