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Genetics-Based Benchmark Practice

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who is considered the "father" of modern genetics?

a)

Einstein

b)

Mendel

c)

Disney

d)

Washington

2.
What type of "square" helps us solve genetic problems?
a)
carpenter square
b)
Mendel square
c)
Punnett square
d)
genetic square
3.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
4.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
5.
Y for yellow body is dominant over y for blue body.  What alleles would produce yellow bodies?
a)
YY,yy
b)
Yy,yy
c)
YY only
d)
YY,Yy
6.
"The Great White Shark was 20 feet in length.  Phenotype or Genotype?
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
7.
If "T" is the allele for tall and "t" is the allele for short, then Tt would produce?
a)
tall
b)
short
c)
medium
d)
not enough info
8.
A physical characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
a)
behavior
b)
trait
c)
strong muscles
d)
ability to fly a plane.
9.

What plant did Mendel study?

a)

pea plant

b)

spinach

c)

carrots

d)

sunflowers

10.

Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?

a)

TT

b)

Tt

c)

tt

d)

ts

11.

Red (R) is dominant over white (r). How can a flower be white?

a)

It can have RR and be white.

b)

It has to have rr.

c)

It has to have rR

d)

There is no way it can be white until the third generation.

12.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
13.

Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Which of the following would describe Squidward?

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Homozygous

d)

Sex-linked

14.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
15.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
16.
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
a)
heredity
b)
trait
c)
gene
d)
allele
17.
Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?
a)
height
b)
the scar
c)
ability to swim
d)
ability to play drums
18.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
19.

Where are genes located within the cell?

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosomes

20.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

a)

22

b)

42

c)

23

d)

46

21.

What are the sex chromosomes for males?

a)

XX

b)

XY

c)

YY

22.

These chromosomes likely belong to a...

a)

Male human

b)

Female human

c)

Not human

d)

Human but the sex cannot be determined

23.

Which molecule are genes and chromosomes made of?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

gene

c)

DNA

d)

protein

24.

How many chromosomes does a human gamete have?

a)

11

b)

23

c)

46

d)

22

25.

A _______________ is any sex cell (egg or sperm) that is created during meiosis.

a)

zygote

b)

gamete

c)

chromosome

d)

gene

26.

When one allele is not dominant over another, resulting in a blended phenotype for heterozygous offspring is considered....

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

27.

When one allele is not dominant over the other, resulting in both traits expressed in a heterozygous individual.....

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

28.

Some flowers are controlled by codominance. Red flowers (RR), blue flowers (BB) and Speckled flowers (RB).


Cross two speckled flowers.

a)

1 red, 2 speckled, 1 blue

b)

2 red, 2 blue

c)

2 blue, 2 speckled

d)

1 red, 1 speckled, 2 blue

29.

In mice coat color is incompletely dominant. Black and white are homozygous. Brown mice are heterozygous.


What is the genotype for a brown mouse?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

30.

What type of inheritance pattern is shown here?

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete dominance

31.

A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Codominance

32.

This is an example of ---

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Codominance

33.
this image is an example of
a)
codominance
b)
dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
34.
this image is an example of
a)
codominance
b)
dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
35.

What does a filled in square represent in a pedigree?

a)
Not affected Female
b)
Not affected Male
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
36.
How many kids did the mother and father from the first generation have?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6
37.
What do half colored symbols represent?
a)
The individual is a carrier (heterozygous).
b)
The individual expresses the trait.
c)
The individual has both recessive alleles.
d)
The individual has both dominant alleles.
38.

What does an open circle represent in a pedigree?

a)
Not Affected Male
b)
Not Affected Female
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
39.
Give the genotype for person II-1, for this autosomal trait.
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
we cannot be 100% sure of the genotype
40.

Objective #13

This is a pedigree that follows blue eyes which is a recessive trait. What is the genotype of the father (square) in generation 1?

a)

Aa

b)

AA

c)

aa

d)

A?

41.

Complex molecules (that build amino acids) that are responsible for our traits

a)

Protein

b)

Sugar

c)

Genes

d)

H2O

42.

Changes in a species over generations, due to changes in the environment

a)

Distribution

b)

Mutation

c)

Adaptation

d)

Resistance

43.

Process in which traits become more/less common due to some traits making it more likely for individuals to survive and reproduce

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Mutation

c)

Distribution

d)

Adaptation

44.

A random and permanent change to a gene or DNA

a)

Protein

b)

Gene

c)

Natural Selection

d)

Mutation

45.

Why is it beneficial for a species to have varying traits?

a)

They can't be seen by predators

b)

It is helpful in asexual reproduction

c)

If the environment changes, the population might be better able to adapt

d)

They don't recognize each other.

46.
What are the most studied animals in the galapagos?
a)
Finches
b)
Tortoises
c)
Turtles
d)
Lizards
47.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
48.

What is most likely to happen to moth populations in the picture shown?

a)

Light moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

b)

Dark moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

c)

Light moths--hunted easily, light moths--population increase

d)

Lights moths will change their color to match dark moths.

49.

A yellow morph and green morph of an insect lives in the rainforest canopy. You would expect:

a)

the green population to increase and the yellow to decrease

b)

both populations should stay the same

c)

both populations will increase

d)

the green population to decrease and the yellow to increaseThis is a wrong answer

50.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
51.
How do adaptations help animals?
a)
to hide from predators
b)
to hunt for food
c)
to survive in their habitats
d)
All of these are correct
52.
The source of all genetic material is...
a)
Protein
b)
cells
c)
DNA
d)
The brain
53.

A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

a)

an adaptation

b)

environment

c)

response

d)

stimulus

54.
All Offspring of Asexual reproduction are identical
a)
True
b)
False
55.
How many parent(s)are needed for asexual?
a)
4
b)
1
c)
9
d)
100
56.

Which process takes less time to form an offspring? 

a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual 
57.

What type of Genotype is this: Mm?

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

58.

One allele for high blood pressure, one allele for normal blood pressure

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

59.
Mark is heterozygous. If B is for brown hair, and b is for blonde hair, what is Mark's phenotype?
a)
Brown Hair
b)
Blonde Hair
c)
Brown and Blonde Hair
d)
Black Hair
60.

How much of your DNA do you inherit from the female that made you?

a)
10%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
it varies
61.
The genotype of:  Heterozygous Course Hair  will have the alleles of...
a)
Hh
b)
HH
c)
hh
62.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
63.
If a trait is recessive, it needs to be inherited from ___ parents to be 'expressed'.
a)
one
b)
both
64.

R = Red, r = white. Incomplete dominance. What genotype is pink?

a)

Rr

b)

rr

c)

RR

d)

PP

65.

Black fur on rats (F) is dominant over white fur (f). If two rats mated and had 1 white offspring, what must be their allele pairs?

a)

FF x ff

b)

Ff x Ff

c)

ff x ff

d)

FF x FF

66.

Factors that control traits (the basic unit of heredity) are called

a)

parents

b)

genes

c)

purebreds

d)

recessives

67.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
68.

Which animal, when compared to a human, shows comparative anatomy?

a)

Cat

b)

Whale

c)

Horse

d)

Bird

e)

Bat

69.

This fossil snake and this living rat both have a structure in their skull called the quadrate bone. How did this happen?

a)

The snake and rat are different species, so they are related. They inherited the quadrate bone structure from separate ancestors.

b)

ll species have their own specific body structures, so it is just a coincidence.

c)

The snake and rat both share the same ancestor population that had a quadrate bone.

d)

It is impossible to say. Fossils are very old.

70.
Two of the organisms seemed to be more closely related to each other than to the other vertebrates. The type of evidence shown is using the field of — 
a)
comparing anatomy/body structures 
b)
DNA sequences 
c)
biochemistry
d)
fossil record
71.

Darwin's famous book is titled?

a)

On the Origin of Species

b)

Fight for Natural Selection

c)

Survival of the Fittest Conquers All

d)

The Different Finches of the Galapagos

72.
If two parents have type AB blood, what is the probability that their child will have type O blood?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
73.

A woman has type B blood and her husband has type O blood. What must be the woman's genotype, if they have a child with type O blood?

a)

IB i

b)

IB IB

c)

ii

d)

type B blood

74.
What type of blood is the universal donor?
a)
O
b)
AB
75.
What is NOT a possible genotype for someone with type B blood?
a)
IBIB
b)
IAIB
c)
IB i
76.

It is the transfer of genetic material for the purpose of treating human disease.

a)

chemotherapy

b)

gene therapy

c)

gene transfer

d)

gene editing

77.
Which of these things could be a part of an oak toad's camouflage?
a)
It sews a different costume for the winter and the spring.
b)
The older toads teach their tadpoles how to turn invisible.
c)
Its brown skin blends in with the leaves and soil on the forest floor.
d)
Its bright colors show that it is the prince of toads.
78.

The walkingstick uses..

a)

Blending

b)

Color changing

c)

Mimicry

d)

Disguise

79.
Using this picture, what defense is this Hawk Moth displaying?
a)
camouflage
b)
emitting smells
c)
mimicry
d)
panting
80.

Which adaptation is this organism using?

a)

camouflage

b)

feet

c)

mimicry

d)

adaptations to hunt

81.

Animals use camouflage...

a)

to hunt or hide

b)

for fun

c)

to sleep

82.

what is an adaptation?

a)

a change in behavior or physical aspect of an organism in order to be better suited to survive in a particular environment.

b)

a change that an organism quickly develps to survive

c)

a unique characteristic that makes an organsism more dominant

d)

a shift in an organisms behavior

83.

Adaptations can be...

a)

mutations

b)

Behaviors

c)

Both B and D

d)

Phyisical characteristics

84.

Adapatation are caused by

a)

natural selection

b)

harsh environmets

c)

unique organisms

d)

evolution

85.

Adapatations lead to...

a)

Unique organisms

b)

Evolution

c)

Mutations

d)

Stronger Organsisms

86.

Which would be an adaptation useful in a cold biome?

a)

Being of a smaller size

b)

Being active during the cooler times of day

c)

Blubber/fat

d)

Having dark fur

87.

What would be the most useful adaptation for a rabbit in the snow...

a)

camoflauge

b)

having long ears

c)

having strong legs

d)

strong teeth

88.
Determine the sex of the individual whose karyotype is displayed in the image.
a)
female
b)
male
89.
A pair of identical chromosomes shown in a karyotype, one inherited from mom, and one inherited from dad are called
a)
sister chromotids
b)
centromeres
c)
homologous chromosomes
d)
autosomes
90.
An egg contains
a)
22 autosomes and an X chromosome
b)
22 autosomes and an Y chromosome
c)
44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
d)
44 autosomes and an X and a Y chromosome
91.
Down's syndrome occurs because of a(n)
a)
missing sex chromosome
b)
extra sex chromosome
c)
additional 21st chromosome
d)
additional 18th chromosome
92.
A picture of paired chromosomes is a
a)
sister chromatid
b)
centromere
c)
syndrome
d)
karyotype
93.

Which process is used to insert normal genes into human cells to correct disorders?

a)

Gene therapy

b)

Live Vector Vaccine

c)

Molecular Cloning

d)

Stem Cell Therapy

94.

What process creates reproductive cells used in sexual production?

a)

meiosis

b)

mitosis

c)

cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis

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