WorksheetsThe digestive system
Total questions: 116
Worksheet time: 3615secs
What are the functions of the digestive system?
Breaks down the food we eat
Releases nutrients
Functions cooperatively with other systems of the body
Absorbs their nutrients into the body
True or false:
The digestive system is divided into 4 main categories.
(a)
Identify characteristics of the alimentary canal:
One-way tube about 7.62 meters (25 feet) in length
The main function of its organs is to nourish the body
The tube begins at the mouth and terminates at the anus
Between the mouth and anus, the canal is modified as the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines to fit the functional needs of the body
Identify characteristics of the accessory digestive organs:
Each accessory digestive organ aids in the breakdown of food
Within the mouth, the teeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion, whereas the salivary glands begin chemical digestion
All of these
Once food products enter the small intestine, the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas release secretions-such as bile and enzymes-essential for digestion to continue
True or false:
The alimentary tract is composed of four tissue layers.
(a)
What portion of the alimentary canal is superficial to the muscularis?
None of these
The serosa
The mucous membrane (mucosa)
The submucosa
What is the 3rd level of the alimentary canal?
The submucosa
The muscularis
The mucosa
The serosa
True or false:
The mucosa is AKA the mucous membrane.
(a)
Identify the correct term:
The tissue of the alimentary canal that lies immediately beneath the mucosa and connects the overlying mucosa to the underlying muscularis.
The muscularis
The submucosa
The mucosa
The serosa
What holds the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity in place?
The peritoneum
The retro-peritoneum
The heart
The stomach
Define the term "peritoneum".
A broad serous membrane sac made up of squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by connective tissue
The chewing of food
The wearing and breaking down of the stomach walls due to an abundance of stomach acids
An overproduction of stomach acids
True or false:
The peritoneum is composed of 2 different regions.
(a)
True or false:
The peritoneal cavity is the space bounded by the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces.
(a)
How many steps (activities) are there in the process of digestion?
8
7
6
5
What is the correct order of the digestion process?
-Ingestion
-Propulsion
-Mechanical/physical digestion
-Chemical digestion
-Absorption
-Defecation
-Defecation
-Absorption
-Chemical digestion
-Mechanical/physical digestion
-Propulsion
-Ingestion
-Propulsion
-Ingestion
-Mechanical/physical digestion
-Chemical digestion
-Defecation
-Absorption
None of these
Identify the correct term:
The entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth.
Ingestion
Propulsion
Defecation
Absorption
Identify the correct term:
The act of swallowing.
Propulsion
Chemical digestion
Defecation
Physical digestion
Identify the correct term:
A purely physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the food.
Mechanical digestion
Absorption
Defecation
Physical digestion
Identify the correct term:
The process of digestive secretions breaking down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks.
Defecation
Chemical digestion
Propulsion
Mechanical digestion
Identify the correct term:
The process where food has been broken down and is of no value to the body unless it enters the bloodstream and its nutrients are put to work.
Chemical digestion
Propulsion
Physical digestion
Absorption
Identify:
Undigested materials are removed from the body as feces.
Defecation
Absorption
Propulsion
Mechanical digestion
True or false:
The oral cavity is AKA the buccal cavity.
(a)
Which of these structures do NOT help frame the mouth?
Cheeks
Tongue
Palate
Ear
What are the functions of the tongue?
Positions food for optimal chewing
Gathers food into a bolus (rounded mass)
All of these
Positions food so it can be swallowed
True or false:
The types of papillae (taste buds) are foliate, fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform.
(a)
True or false:
Salivary glands are major exocrine glands.
(a)
About how much saliva do the salivary glands secrete on average in a day?
1 to 1.5
2 to 3
4 to 5
1.5 to 3.5
How many pairs are there of salivary glands?
3
4
5
6
Identify the correct term:
Glands on the floor of the mouth that secrete saliva into the mouth through submandibular ducts.
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands
None of these
Parotid glands
Identify the correct term:
Glands which lie below the tongue, and use the lesser sublingual ducts to secrete saliva into the oral cavity.
Sublingual glands
Oral glands
Pancreatic glands
Parotid glands
Identify the correct term:
Glands that secrete saliva into the mouth through the parotic duct.
Sublingual glands
Parotid glands
Submandibular glnds
Pituitary glands
Identify the correct term:
Organs similar to bones that humans use to tear, grind, and otherwise mechanically break down food.
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Tase buds
True or false:
During the course of a human's lifetime, they have 3 sets of teeth.
(a)
What is the correct organization of the teeth moving from the center of the mouth, toward the side?
8 incisors
4 cuspids
8 premolars
12 molars
12 molars
8 premolars
4 cuspids
8 incisors
4 cuspids
8 incisors
12 molars
8 premolars
12 incisors
8 cuspids
4 premolars
8 molars
True or false:
The teeth are secured in the alveolar processes (sockets).
(a)
Identify the correct term:
The tissues that line the alveolar processes and surrounds the neck of teeth. Also commonly called the gums.
Gingivae
Teeth
Mouth
Connective
What are the 2 main parts of the tooth?
Gum and pulp
Root and crown
Molars and incisors
All of these
What is the region of the pulp cavity that runs through the root of the tooth?
The pancreatic cells
The gum canal
The root canal
The gingivae cells
True or false:
Surrounding the pulp cavity is dentin, a gum-like tissue.
(a)
True or false:
The dentin is covered by an outer layer of enamel, the hardest substance in the body.
(a)
True or false:
The larynx AKA the throat, is involved in both digestion and respiration.
(a)
The pharynx has how many subdivions?
1
4
2
3
Identify the correct term:
The most superior subdivision of the throat that is only involved in breathing and speech.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
Identify the correct term:
The part of the throat used for both breathing and digestion.
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Esophagus
Identify the correct term:
The part of the throat used for both breathing and digestion.
Esophagus
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx
Identify the correct term:
A muscular tube approximately 25.4 cm (10in.) in length, that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
The esophagus
The pharynx
The larynx
The trachea
True or false:
The upper two-thirds of the esophagus consists of the both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers, with the latter fading out in the bottom third of the esophagus.
(a)
True or false:
Deglutition is another word for chewing.
(a)
How many stages are there in deglutition?
5
6
2
3
What is the voluntary phase of deglutition?
Voluntary control of swallowing
Involuntary control of swallowing
Chemical digestion of food
Mechanical digestion of food
Identify the correct term:
The stimulation of receptors in the oropharynx send impulses to the deglutition center in the medulla oblongata.
The esophageal phase
The pharyngeal phase
The laryngopharynx phase
The oropharynx phase
Identify the correct term:
Peristalsis propels the bolus through the esophagus and toward the stomach.
The pharyngeal phase
The colon phase
The esophageal phase
The voluntary phase
About how big is the stomach?
The size of a fist
The size of a basketball
The size of a golfball
The size of a pinecone
True or false:
The stomach can stretch to hold as much as 4 liters of food and fluid.
(a)
What organ contains 4 main regions known as the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus?
The stomach
The colon
The liver
The pancreas
What organs plays several important roles in chemical digestion? Including the continued digestion of carbohydrates and the initial digestion of proteins and triglycerides.
The esophagus
The stomach
The liver
The pancreas
What organ holds food and parses only small amounts of it into the small intestine at a time?
The stomach
The gallbladder
The liver
The diaphragm
What kind of cells make up the stomach's mucosa epithelial lining?
Duodenum cells
Liver mucus cells
Liver mucus cells
Surface mucus cells
Identify the correct term:
Cells located primarily in the middle region of the gastric glands. These are among the most highly differentiated of the body's epithelial cells.
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Identify the correct term:
Cells located primarily in the basal regions of gastric glands. These secrete pepsingoen, the inactive proenzyme form of pepsin.
Enteroendocrine cells
Parietal cells
Mucous neck cells
Chief cells
Identify the correct term:
Gastric glands in the upper part of the stomach that contain mucous neck cells that secrete thin, acidic mucous.
Chief cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Identify the correct term:
Cells found in the gastric glands that secrete various hormones into the interstitial fluid of the lamina propria.
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Mucous neck cells
The secretion of gastric juices occurs in how many phases?
3
4
5
6
Identify the correct term:
The phase of gastric secretion which is relatively brief, and takes place before food enters the stomach.
The cephalic phase (reflex phase)
The intestinal phase
The gastric phase
The esophageal phase
Identify the correct term:
The phase of gastric secretion that lasts 3 to 4 hours, and is set in motion by local neural and hormonal mechanisms triggered by the entry of food into the stomach
The gastric phase
The esophageal phase
The enteric phase
The hepatic phase
Identify the correct term:
The phase of gastric secretion that has both excitatory and inhibitory elements.
The gastric phase
The intestinal phase
The cephalic (reflex phase)
The esophageal phase
What is the primary digestive organ in the body?
The small intestine
The large intestine
The cecum
The colon
What part of the alimentary canal is the longest measuring in at 3.05 meters (10 feet) long?
The esophagus
The large intestine
The small intestine
The stomach
The coiled tube of the small intestine is subdivided into three regions, what are they in order?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Ileum
Jejunum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Duodenum
Ileum
None of these
Which are smaller, microvili or vili?
Microvili
vili
True or false:
The wall of the small intestine is composed of the same four layers typically present in the alimentary system.
(a)
True or false:
Also called a plica circulare, a circular fold is a deep ridge in the mucosa and submucosa.
(a)
Which mucosa secretes the hormone motilin?
The duodenal mucosa
The jejunal mucosa
The Ileum mucosa
The hepatic mucosa
If it were possible to see inside the small intestine while it was going through segmentation, what would you see?
Food contents being shoved incrementally back and fourth
Stomach acids being moved back and fourth
Hepatic juices
Pancreatic juices
What is the terminal part of the alimentary canal?
The large intestine
The small intestine
The pancreas
The liver
Identify the correct term:
The primary function is to finish absorption of nutrients and water, synthesize certain vitamins, form feces, and eliminate feces from the body.
The cecum
The small intestine
The large intestine
The pancreas
The large intestine is subdivided into 4 main regions, what are they?
The anus
The colon
The cecum
The rectum
True or false:
There are no circular folds or vili of the large intestine.
(a)
The wall of the large intestine has lots of intestinal glands which contain 2 types of cells, what are they?
Enterocytes and goblet cells
Digital cells
pacreatic and kidney cells
Rectal cells
True or false:
The large intestine has 4 unique features.
(a)
Identify the correct term:
Three bands of smooth muscle that make up the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis of the large intestine, except at its terminal end.
Cytokines
Epiploic appendages
Teniae coli
Haustra
Identify the correct term:
The small pouches of the colon caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its segmented appearance.
Haustra
Cytokines
Teniae coli
Epiploic appendages
Identify the correct term:
Small fat-filled sacs of visceral peritoneum that are attached to the teniae coli.
Epiploic appendages
Haustra
Teniae coli
Islet cells
True or false:
Trillions of bacteria live in the large intestine and are referred to as the bacterial flora.
(a)
What is NOT a function of some of the normal/healthy bacteria of the large intestine?
Facilitate chemical digestion and absorption
Synthesizes vitamins such as biotin, pantothenic acid, and vitamin K
Kills pathogens
None of these
True or false:
The small intestine absorbs remaining water, a process that concerts the liquid chyme residue into semisolid feces.
(a)
What are feces composed of?
Undigested food residues
Unabsorbed digested substances
Millions of bacteria
Old epithelial cells from the GI mucosa
Inorganic salts and enough water to let it pass smoothly out of the body
True or false:
Feces are eliminated through contractions of the intestinal muscles.
(a)
True or false:
The process of defecation begins when mass movements force feces from the colon into the rectum, stretching the rectal wall and provoking the defecation reflex, which eliminates feces from the rectum.
(a)
Chemical digestion in the small intestine relies on the activities of 3 accessory digestive organs, what are they?
The liver
The gallbladder
The pancreas
The kidney
Identify the correct term:
The largest gland in the body, weighing about 3 pounds.
The liver
The heart
The pancreas
The gallbladder
Identify the correct term:
The organ divided into 2 primary lobes, a large right lobe, and a much smaller left lobe.
The gallbladder
The kidneys
The lungs
The liver
True or false:
The porta hepatis is where the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein enter the liver.
(a)
What are the 3 main components of the liver?
Bile canaliculi
Hepatocytes
Hasutra
Hepatic sinusoids
What is bile?
A type of salivary gland
An organ of the body
Emulsifying agents that are important for the absorption of digested lipids
An enzyme secreted by the pancreas
Identify the correct term:
The main bile pigment, also a waste product, that is produced when the spleen removes old or damaged red blood cells from the circulation.
Blood
Bilirubin
Bile
Urea
Identify the correct term:
This soft, oblong, glandular organ lies transversely in the retroperitoneum behind the stomach.
The liver
The pancreas
The stomach
The heart
Identify the correct term:
Cells of the pancreas that secrete rich pancreatic juice into tiny merging ducts that form 2 dominant ducts.
Immunoglobulins
Acinar cells
Cells of langerhans
Islet cells
Identify the correct term:
Vital cells of the pancreas that produces the hormones pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
Islets of langerhans
Polypeptide cells
Acinar cells
Hepatic cells
True or false:
The pancreas produces over a liter of pancreatic juice a day.
(a)
Identify the correct term:
The muscular sac that stores, concentrates, and when stimulated, propels the bile into the duodenum via the common bile duct.
The pancreas
The gallbladder
The spleen
The liver
The gallbladder is divided into how many regions?
3
2
1
5
Identify the correct term:
This duct is 1-2 cm (less than 1 in) long and turns inferiorly as it bridges the neck and hepatic duct.
The cystic duct
The endocrine duct
The islet duct
The pancreatic duct
Identify the correct term:
A complex process that reduces food into its chemical building blocks, which are then absorbed to nourish the cells of the body.
Physical digestion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Phosphate digestion
True or false:
The average american diet is about 50% carbohydrates.
(a)
Which is a carb that can't be broken down by the body?
Cellulose
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
What carbs can be broken down by the body?
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Glycogen
Starch
Identify the correct term:
Polymers composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds to form long chains.
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Lipids
True or false:
Humans usually consume about 15 to 20% of their total calorie intake as protein.
(a)
True or false:
A healthy diet limits lipid intake to 10% of total calorie intake.
(a)
Identify the correct term:
The most common dietary lipids that are made up of a glycerol molecule bound to 3 fatty acid chains.
Triglycerides
Polysaccharides
Glucose
Monosaccharides
What are the 3 lipases responsible for lipid digestion?
Lingual lipase
Hepatic lipase
Gastric lipase
Pancreatic lipase
True or false:
The absorptive capacity of the alimentary canal is almost endless.
(a)
True or false:
Each day, the alimentary canal processes up to 15 liters of food, liquids, and GI secretions.
(a)
Identify the correct term:
The site where all ingested food electrolytes (80%) and water (90%) are absorbed.
The small intestine
The large intestine
The pancreas
The liver
Absorption can occur through five mechanisms, what are they?
1) Active transport
2) Passive diffusion
3) Facilitated diffusion
4) Co-transport/secondary active transport
5) Endocytosis
1) Passive diffusion
2) Active transport
3) Endocytosis
4) Facilitated diffusion
5) Co-transport/secondary active transport
1) Co-transport/secondary active transport
2) Active transport
3) Facilitated diffusion
4) Endocytosis
5) Passive diffusion
1) Endocytosis
2) Co-transport/secondary active transport
3) Facilitated diffusion
4) Passive diffusion
5) Active transport
