WorksheetsEnzymes
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 2hrs 13mins
What is the Greek word for proteins?
what is the meaning of proteios?
these are e biochemical molecules consisting of polypeptides joined by peptide bonds between the amino and carboxyl groups of amino acid residues.
fats
lipids
proteins
oils
what are the vital functions of proteins?
all amino acids are known by one-letter abbreviations
true
false
what do you call the carbon atom that attaches the carboxylic acid group and amine group of amino acids?
Each of the 20 amino acids has a specific side chain, known as an- , that is also attached to the α carbon.
• The amino acids in living systems exist primarily in the L form
tru
nahh
what are r groups made of?
• Because amino acids contain both an acidic and a basic functional group, an internal acid-base reaction occurs, forming an ion with both a positive and a negative charge called an ionic bond
true
false
• Because amino acids contain both an acidic and a basic functional group, an internal acid-base reaction occurs, forming an ion with both positive charge called a zwitterion
false
true
In solution, the structure of an amino acid can change with the pH of the solution
true
false
by lowering the pH of the solution causes the zwitterion to (______) a proton
Increasing the pH of the solution causes the zwitterion to (___)a proton
what do you call the point when the pH of the solution affects the charge on the amino acid, will then form a zwitterion
isometric point
Ionic bond point
zitterion point
isoelectric point
blood proteins help to regulate the pH of blood.
true
false
In terms of pH levels in isoelectric point; those with basic R groups have higher values, and those with acidic R groups have lower values.
true
false
amino acids in proteins (polypeptides) are joined together by peptide bonds
tru
wiz
The sequence of R groups along the chain is called the secondary structure
fact
bluff
Secondary Structure refers to the local folding of the polypeptide chain.
true
dimo sure
It is the arrangement of secondary structure elements in 3 dimensions and quaternary structure describes the arrangement of a protein's sub units.
what are the chains of amino acids?
what are the long chains of Polypeptides?
All proteins are polymers containing chains of amino acids chemically bound by amide (peptide) bonds
tru
male
what dictates the sequence of the linear sequence of the amino acids in a protein?
The linear sequence of the amino acids in a protein is dictated by the sequence of the nucleotides in an organisms’ genetic code
tru
false
what do you call the amino acids that are attached to the first carbon in the chain connected to the carboxyl carbon?
what is the only amino acid that contains a sulfhydryl(thiol, R—SH) group?
these are easily oxidized to form disulfide bonds
Short chains are referred to as peptides, chains of up to about 50 amino acids are polypeptides, and chains of more than 50 amino acids are proteins.
true
false
Amino acids in peptide chains are called
•The residue with a free amino group is called the(___), and is written on the left end of the chain
The residue with a free carboxylate group is called the (---), and is written on the right end of the chain
who stated that “Peptides are the building blocks of collagen and elastin fibers that are found in our skin,?
who explained that, “When applied to the skin as a topical serum or moisturizer, the peptides act as a messenger,”?
They’re short chains of amino acids, and can tell the body to produce even more collagen.
amino acids
lipids
peptides
polypeptides
these are nonapeptide hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. Six of the amino acid residues are held in a loop by disulfide bridges formed by the oxidation of two cysteine residues.
It is known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it reduces the amount of urine formed, which causes the body to conserve water
It causes the smooth muscles of the uterus to contract, and is administered to induce labor
It also stimulates the smooth muscles of mammary glands to stimulate milk ejection
vassopressin
peptides
poly peptides
Oxytocin
it is a 39- residue peptide produced in the pituitary gland. It regulates the production of steroid hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland
What are the functions of protein?
these are made up of long rod-shaped or stringlike molecules that can intertwine with one another and form strong fibers.
these are more spherical in shape –dissolve in water or form stable suspensions. –not found in structural tissue but are transport proteins, or proteins that may be moved easily through the body by the circularoty system
Conjugated proteins also contain other organic or inorganic components, called propsicle groups.
prosthetic
properites
polymer
what are the four levels of organization in proteins structure?
The primary structure of a protein is the (____) sequence of the side chains that are connected to the protein backbone:
it is also known as the secondary structure
held in this shape by hydrogen bonding interactions between amide groups, with the side chains extending outward from the coil.
this bonding causes protein chains to fold and align to produce orderly patterns called secondary structures.
• Another secondary structure which several protein chains lie side by side, held by hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains
less common than the a-helix; it is found extensively only in the protein of silk
refers to the bending and folding of the protein into a specific three-dimensional shape.
THESE are attractions between ions that result from the interactions of the ionized side chains of acidic amino acids (—COO-) and the side chains of basic amino acids (—NH3 + ).
THESE can form between two cysteine residues that are close to each other in the same chain, or between cysteine residues in different chains. These bridges hold the protein chain in a loop or some other 3D shape
THESE interactions are result from the attraction of nonpolar groups, or when they are forced together by their mutual repulsion of the aqueous solvent.
what are the chains that make up the hemoglobin?
is caused when the folded native structures break down because of extreme temps. or pH values, which disrupt the stabilizing structures. The structure becomes random and disorganized
A hemoglobin molecule in a person suffering from sickle-cell anemia has 2-amino acida difference in the sixth position of the two b-chains of normal HbA (a glutamate is replaced with a valine).
false
tru
Cells blocking capillaries are rapidly destroyed, and the loss of these red blood cells causes anemia.
tru
false
what are the stages of mortis? explain how forensic experts determine the time of death of a cadaver.
