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Geology Study Test

Total questions: 104

Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Deposition
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
2.
Which of these is an example of erosion?
a)
Light shining onto a mountain.
b)
Rain breaking down rocks on a mountain into smaller pieces. 
c)
Wind blowing away sediment to a new place on the mountain.
d)
All of the above.
3.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)
along the coast
b)
along tectonic plate boundaries
c)
in the Arctic
d)
in the ocean
4.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
a)
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
b)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
c)
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
d)
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
5.
What type of rock is formed when magma and lava cools and hardens?
a)
minerals
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
metamorphic
6.

Hot, molten rock inside the earth is called ...

a)

lava

b)

magma

c)

igneous rock

d)

minerals

7.

Once magma reaches the earth's surface, it is called __________.

a)

a vent

b)

minerals

c)

igneous rocks

d)

lava

8.

Series of natural processes by which rocks are slowly

changed from one kind of a rock to another.

a)

igneous rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

rock cycle

9.

Rock particles carried and deposited by water, wind & ice.

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

sediment

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

igneous rock

10.

Rock formed when existing rock is changed by heat &

pressure.

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

texture

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

intrusive rock

11.

All rocks are made up of one or more.

a)

sediments

b)

minerals

c)

metals

d)

magma

12.
Volcanoes are found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
13.

Not formed from living things or the remains of living things

a)

inorganic

b)

matter

c)

cells

d)

erosion

14.

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

a)

deposit

b)

mineral

c)

weathering

d)

erosion

15.

A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface.

a)

motlen

b)

lava

c)

volcano

d)

plate

16.

The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

volcano

d)

earthquake

17.

A break in Earth’s crust along which rocks move.

a)

plate

b)

fault

c)

volcano

d)

sediment

18.

A section of the rigid layer of the mantle and crust that slowly moves over the soft layer of the mantle, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.

a)

plate

b)

volcano

c)

deposition

d)

fault

19.

How are rocks classified?

a)

where they are found

b)

how rocks are formed

c)

by the color and shape

d)

chemical composition of rocks

20.

Which type of process describes the rock cycle?

a)

mineral crystals are identified

b)

fossils are transformed into rocks

c)

tectonic plate movement

d)

rocks changing into another type of rock

21.

How is a metamorphic rock formed?

a)

melting and cooling

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

compaction and cementation

d)

temperature and pressure

22.

What is an example of weathering?

a)

rocks formed by vocanoes

b)

soil moved by strong wind

c)

rocks broken apart by freezing water

d)

soil carried downstream by fast moving water

23.

Which of the following is an agent of chemical weathering?

a)

acid rain

b)

freezing and thawing

c)

tree roots growing through rocks

d)

rocks tumbling in a stream

24.

In cold climates rocks are broken down into pieces by the action of freezing and thawing. What is this process that helps forms soil?

a)

soil leaching

b)

soil decomposition

c)

chemical weathering

d)

mechanical weathering

25.

What commonly occurs at borders of tectonic plates?

a)

no plants and animals

b)

sea arches

c)

regular temperatures

d)

frequent earthquake activity

26.

What describes the relationship between earthquakes and volcanoes?

a)

earthquakes always cause volcanoes to erupt

b)

volcano eruptions always cause earthquakes

c)

they are not related in any way

d)

they are often located where tectonic plates meet

27.

Active volcanoes on islands create more land. How?

a)

lava cools and hardens

b)

lava melts through old rocks

c)

the heat causes water to evaporate from the ocean which causes more land to be exposed.

d)

the heat causes water to evaporate from the ocean which causes minerals in the seawater to condense and form more land

28.

What is the reason the continents look very different than they did 100 million years ago?

a)

ocean currents are reshaping the continents

b)

volcanoes have made and destroyed lots of the continents

c)

waves and wind help erode the continents

d)

the continents have drifted apart from one another on lithospheric plates

29.

Why are there so many earthquakes and volcanoes in the ring of fire?

a)

water reacts with the magma

b)

lots of people live there

c)

lithospheric plate boundaries are found there

d)

magma rises because of the weight of the ocean water

30.

Erosion is one of the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock. Which of these best describes erosion?

a)

Rocks are broken into smaller pieces.

b)

Smaller pieces of rock and soil are carried to a new location.

c)

Pressure compacts layers of sediment into rock.

d)

Sediments are dropped in a new location at the bottom of a lake.

31.

A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystal structure

a)

Rock

b)

streak

c)

mineral

32.

The process of sediment being dropped off in a new place is called

a)

Abrasion

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Weathering

33.

Rain washing soil away from a hillside is an example of

a)

Abrasion

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Weathering

34.

A delta is an example of

a)

Erosion

b)

Weathering

c)

Sediment

d)

Deposition

35.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place
b)
makes the rocks last longer
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides
36.
What is mechanical weathering?
a)
Process through which rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces.
b)
Rocks are broken down through chemical changes.
c)
Rocks are worn away from acid in plant roots.
d)
Rocks broken down by machinery.
37.
Which agents  break down earth materials?
a)
wind only
b)
earthquakes and gravity
c)
ice and 007
d)
wind, water, and ice
38.
What type of rock is formed when magma and lava cools and hardens?
a)
minerals
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
metamorphic
39.

This rock started as molten magma then cooled. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

40.
Has large crystals because of slow cooling
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
intrusive igneous rock
d)
extrusive igneous rock
41.
Has small or no crystals because of rapid cooling
a)
sedimentary
b)
metamorphic
c)
extrusive igneous
d)
intrusive igneous
42.

This rock may be formed from magma that hardens.

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

43.

What kind of rock is "Granite"?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

44.

What kind of rock is "Basalt"?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

45.
How is igneous rock formed?
a)
heat and pressure
b)
magma, hardening and crystallizing
c)
compaction and cementation
d)
weathering and erosion
46.
How is sedimentary rock formed?
a)
heat and pressure
b)
magma, cooled and hardened
c)
compaction and cementation
d)
weathering and erosion
47.
How is metamorphic rock formed?
a)
heat and pressure
b)
magma, hardened and crystallized
c)
compaction and cementation
d)
weathering and erosion
48.
This rock started as lava that cooled and then was heated and put under pressure over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentar
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
49.
This rock is made from tiny pieces of other rocks that settled to the bottom of a valley millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
50.
What is sediment?
a)
the process of rocks being broken down and carried away
b)
bits of rock, sand, and silt caused by the weathering of rocks
c)
the top layer of the soil
d)
decaying plant or animal material 
51.
What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?
a)
Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b)
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation
c)
Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
d)
Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
52.
The process in which sediment are fused or glued together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
53.
What is a rock?
a)
Rock that forms when melted, or molten rock from deep below Earth's surface cools and hardens.
b)
A solid material made up of one or more minerals.
c)
Rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemicals beneath the Earth's surface.
54.
Why is coal not a mineral?
a)
It's not a solid
b)
It is man-made
c)
It is not inorganic
d)
It is made of carbon
55.

The rock cycle can explain:

a)

How sedimentary rock can become metamorphic

b)

How a metamorphic rock can become sedimentary

c)

How all rocks can become igneous

d)

All of the above

56.

Which of the following is an igneous rock?

a)

Pumice

b)

Diamond

c)

Limestone

d)

Marble

57.

Which of the following is a sedimentary rock?

a)

Pumice

b)

Diamond

c)

Limestone

d)

Marble

58.

Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?

a)

Pumice

b)

Diamond

c)

Limestone

d)

Granite

59.

Where are the oldest layers of rocks usually found?

a)

At the top

b)

In the middle

c)

At the bottom

d)

At the top and in the middle

60.

What type of rock often contains fossils?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

All of them contain fossils

61.

What two factors does a metamorphic rock need to form?

a)

Weathering and erosion

b)

Heat and pressure

c)

Cooling and solidification

d)

Crystallisation and evaporation

62.

Rock that forms from the cementing of deposited particles are called:

a)

Metamorphic rock

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Volcanic rock

63.

Rocks can be changed from one type to another over millions of years. This is called the

(a)  

64.

Name the rock type that would have visible grains that are not interlocking.

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

65.

Name the rock type that would have no obvious grains, cannot be scratched with a knife or split into thin sheets?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

66.

Igneous rocks that form below the Earth's surface are called

a)

Extrusive

b)

Intrusive

c)

Lava

67.

Which is the oldest layer of rock?

a)

A

b)

M

c)

H

d)

L

68.

It can cause lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows, etc.

a)

landslide

b)

flood

c)

eruption

d)

earthquake

69.

It is hot silicate rock that has reached the Earth's surface, in semi- liquid form.

a)

lava

b)

magma

c)

basalt

d)

granite

70.

It is a category of volcano that refers to one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon.

a)

active

b)

extinct

c)

dormant

d)

none of the choices

71.

It is a category of volcano that refers to one which has not erupted in a long time, but there is a possibility that it can erupt in the future.

a)

active

b)

extinct

c)

dormant

d)

none of the choices

72.

It is a category of volcano that refers to one which has erupted thousands of years ago and there is no possibility of eruption.

a)

active

b)

extinct

c)

dormant

d)

none of the choices

73.

These are the types of volcanoes according to features except one.

a)

cinder cones

b)

lava domes

c)

pyroclastic flow

d)

stratovolcano

74.

About 75 percent of the world’s volcanoes are found 

a)

around the Atlantic Ocean basin.

b)

around the Pacific Ocean basin.

c)

along the mid-Atlantic ridge.

d)

throughout the American Northwest. 

75.

A  line of volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin is the 

a)

Ring of Fire

b)

Hawaiian Islands

c)

Aleutian Islands

d)

Caribbean Islands

76.

What is a determining factor in which type of eruption will occur?

a)

the chemistry of the magma

b)

the climate around the volcano

c)

the size of the mountain

d)

the number of people living near the volcano

77.

What is a dormant volcano?

a)

molten rock

b)

the center of a volcano

c)

will never erupt again

d)

a volcano that is sleeping, but could erupt agian

78.

What is magma?

a)

pieces of the Earth's crust

b)

molten rock inside of a volcano

c)

small rock

d)

plates that meet

79.

What is lava?

a)

Molten rocks inside a volcano

b)

Molten rock outside a volcano

c)

small rocks

d)

magma

80.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
81.

Which of the following lists the steps an igneous rock undergoes in order to become a sedimentary rock, in the correct order?

a)

Deposition, erosion, melting, cooling

b)

Erosion, weathering, eruption, cooling

c)

Dissolving, deposition, cooling, fracture

d)

Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation

82.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock. During the rock cycle, limestone is changed into marble, a metamorphic rock. The processes that act on limestone and change it into marble are

a)

weather and erosion

b)

heat and pressure

c)

compacting and cementing

d)

melting, cooling, and hardening

83.

According to the diagram, what process is shown by letter A?

a)

extrusion

b)

erosion

c)

crystallization

d)

intrusion

84.

According to the diagram, what process is shown by letter B?

a)

compaction & cementation

b)

weather & erosion

c)

heat & pressure

d)

melting

85.

If a lot of heat is applied to a rock, it will turn into

a)

magma

b)

rocks

c)

sediment

d)

metamorphic rocks

86.
An igneous rock containing large crystals is most likely a(n)
a)
Chemical Rock
b)
Foliated Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
d)
Intrusive Rock
87.
A metamorphic rock in which the grains line up in parallel bands is a
a)
Clastic Rock
b)
Nonclastic Rock
c)
Nonfoliated Rock
d)
Foliated Rock
88.
You find a rock in which the grains are arranged in parallel bands of white and black crystals.  The rock is probably a(n)
a)
Igneous rock
b)
Sedimentary rock
c)
Metamorphic rock
d)
Extrusive rock
89.
As lava cools and crystallizes, what type of rock will form?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
90.
The parent rock of Gneiss is
a)
Marble
b)
Granite
c)
Obsidian
d)
Biotite
91.
When minerals line up in bands within a metamorphic rock, this rock is...
a)
Nonfoliated
b)
Foliated
c)
Igneous
d)
Sedimentary
92.

Granite is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

93.

Marble is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

94.

Quartzite is an example of...

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Igneous

c)

Sedimentary

95.

Basalt is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

96.

Shale is an example of...

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Igneous

97.

Gneiss is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

98.

Obsidian is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

99.

Coal is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

100.

Conglomerate is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

101.

What is it called when layers pile up and press down on the material below?

a)

Compaction

b)

Layering

c)

Cementation

d)

I don't know

102.

Clastic & non-clastic are 2 types of.....

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

103.

Intrusive & extrusive are 2 types of...

a)

sedimentary

b)

metamorphic

c)

Igneous

104.

Foliated & non-foliated are 2 types of...

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Igneous

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