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Topic 5 Study Material Ecosystems

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Temperature, light, air, water, and soil are all _____ parts of the environment


a)

alive

b)

abiotic

c)

biotic

d)

living

2.

What is an example of a biotic factor?


a)

rabbit

b)

soil

c)

rocks

d)

water

3.

A population is...


a)

Multiple species that live in one area


b)

All of the living and nonliving things in an area


c)

A group of one species in one area


d)

None of these


4.

Organisms that breakdown all the dead plants and animals and their waste and are converted into nutrients for plants.


a)

carnivore

b)

consumer

c)

producer

d)

decomposer

5.

All the green plants that provide the energy for consumers.


a)

consumer

b)

producer

c)

decomposer

d)

herbivores

6.

A diagram that shows one way the transfer of energy from one organism to another (who is eaten by what).


a)

ecosystem

b)

energy web

c)

food web

d)

food chain

7.

A diagram that shows the transfer of energy in an ecosystem by using several food chains.


a)

ecosystem

b)

food chain

c)

food web

d)

energy pyramid

8.

One living thing. Ex. One frog, one tree, one rabbit


a)

population

b)

community

c)

ecosystem

d)

organism

9.

Many organisms of the same species living in the same area.


a)

ecosystem

b)

population

c)

community

d)

organism

10.

Many different types of populations living in the same area. All the living things in an area.


a)

community

b)

population

c)

organism

d)

ecosystem

11.

Producers are important because they


a)

convert sunlight and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

b)

create shade for organisms

c)

use energy from the sun to make their own food and are the peak of energy pyramids

d)

use energy from the sun to make their own food and are the base of energy pyramids


12.

Which level in the energy pyramid has the most energy?


a)

tertiary (3rd level) consumers

b)

secondary (2nd level) consumers

c)

producers

d)

primary (1st level) consumers

13.

What rule is referred to as we discuss how much energy is transferred to the next trophic level in an energy pyramid?

a)

50-50 rule

b)

10% rule

c)

90% rule

d)

25% rule

14.

An environmental factor that causes a population to stop growing or to decrease in size, such as a fatal disease infecting organisms is considered a/an

a)

biotic factor

b)

abiotic factor

c)

habitat

d)

limiting factor

15.

As we move through the levels (trophic levels) of the energy pyramid, starting at the bottom with the producers, how much energy, in terms of percent, would the top apex predators receive?

a)

10%

b)

0.1%

c)

0.01%

d)

1%

16.

When we are demonstrating the flow of energy within an ecosystem, why do we use a pyramid as the model?

a)

What is a pyramid?

b)

An ecosystem can hold more higher trophic level consumers than producers based on the amount of energy available for transfer into other trophic levels

c)

An ecosystem can hold more producers than consumers based on the amount of energy available for transfer into other trophic levels

d)

An ecosystem can hold more apex predators than producers based on the amount of energy available for transfer into other trophic levels

17.

In a food web or food chain, what direction do the arrows always point?

a)

Towards what it is consuming

b)

Towards what is doing the consuming

c)

Always towards the right

d)

In the direction that gravity is pulling us

18.

Click on all the abiotic factors


a)

water

b)

soil

c)

sunlight

d)

fungus

19.

What role does the producers and consumers have in the oxygen cycle?

a)

Producers release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis

b)

Consumers need carbon dioxide to break down food during cellular respiration

c)

Consumers need oxygen to carry out photosynthesis

d)

Producers use oxygen to break down food for energy during cellular respiration

e)

Consumers use oxygen to break down food for energy during cellular respiration

20.

Why is the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle important?

a)

Bacteria change free nitrogen into a usable form of nitrogen by the process called helium fixation

b)

Bacteria change free oxygen into a usable form of nitrogen by the process called oxygen fixation

c)

Bacteria change free nitrogen into a usable form of nitrogen by the process called nitrogen fixation

d)

Bacteria change free hydrogen into a usable form of nitrogen by the process called hydrogen fixation

21.
The non living parts of an ecosystem
a)
abiotic factors
b)
biotic factors
c)
oxygen
d)
soil
22.

An arctic blast pushed its way through several of the Northern state in the United State. The temperatures dropped below freezing for several days. Temperature is an example of which type of factor?

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

23.

Air is a mixture of colorless gases. The air that makes up the Earth's atmosphere consists primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. Air is an example of which type of factor?

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

24.

Brandon and his dad cut a tree that fell in a storm into smaller sections. Then they split the wood to use for firewood. Firewood is an example of which type of factor.

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

25.

One living thing. Ex. One frog, one tree, one rabbit


a)

population

b)

community

c)

ecosystem

d)

organism

26.

What is the primary role of producers in an ecosystem?

a)

To regulate the climate

b)

To consume other organisms

c)

To provide energy for consumers by converting sunlight into food

d)

To decompose organic matter

27.

Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

a)

Sunlight

b)

Plants

c)

Bacteria

d)

Animals

28.

In a food chain, which organism is typically at the top?

a)

Apex predator

b)

Secondary consumer

c)

Primary consumer

d)

Producer

29.

In the food web list all the producers.


a)

Fox and Owl

b)

Grasshopper and Rabbit

c)

Carrots, Grasses, and Grains

d)

Bird and Mouse

30.

In the food chain: Carrots -->Rabbit --> Fox, the fox is a


a)

Producer

b)

Secondary (Second level) Consumer

c)

Primary (First Level) Consumer

d)

Decomposer

31.

Which level of the energy pyramid has the most energy?

a)

Coyote

b)

Vulture

c)

Buffalo Grass

d)

Prairie Dog

32.

Which level in the energy pyramid would have the least amount of energy to pass to the next trophic level?

a)

Vulture

b)

Coyote

c)

Prairie Dog

d)

Buffalo Grass

33.

What does biodiversity mean?


a)

Only 1 species within an area

b)

all abiotic life

c)

the different amount of different species in an area

d)

nitrogen fixation

34.

An animal that only eats plants

a)

Herbivore

b)

Omnivore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Scavenger

35.

An animal that only eats meat

a)

Herbivore

b)

Omnivore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Scavenger

36.

An animal that eats meat or plants

a)

Herbivore

b)

Omnivore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Scavenger

37.

Brandon and his dad cut a tree that fell in a storm into smaller sections. Then they split the wood to use for firewood. Firewood is an example of which type of factor.

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

38.

What are the abiotic factors in this image?

a)

water, sunlight, dirt, air

b)

birds, trees, and sunlight

c)

water, trees, and birds

39.

What do the arrows in a food chain and food web show?

a)

What organism dies before another organism

b)

What organism is a consumer and what organism is a decomposer

c)

Points to the organism that is being consumed

d)

Points towards the organism that is doing the consuming

40.

Other than pointing to the organism that is consuming the other,what do the arrows in a food chain and food web show?

a)

what each organism eats

b)

which organism dies first

c)

which organism is the producer

d)

the flow of energy

41.
What is the Law of Conservation of mass?
a)
Mass is created in a chemical reaction
b)
Mass is created in a physical change
c)
New chemicals formed from a chemical reaction have a larger overall mass than the original reactants
d)
Mass is never created or destroyed
42.

Complete this state. Energy can not be created or destroyed it can only be

a)

made in a factory

b)

magic

c)

electrical

d)

transferred or converted

43.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

44.

What is the process of combining nitrogen gas with other elements to make nitrogen into usable compounds?

a)

nitrogen composition

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

ammonia

d)

denitrification

45.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

46.

What do free living bacteria in the soil do?

a)

Make clouds

b)

Turn atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates

c)

Make carbon dioxide for plants to go through photosynthesis

d)

Help plants take in water

47.

Why don't populations grow indefinitely?

a)

limiting factors

b)

only biotic factors

c)

only abiotic factors

d)

none of the above

48.

The number of organisms per unit area

a)

Density

b)

Volume

c)

Mass

49.

What is the water cycle?

a)

the continuous movement of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back again.

b)

the continuous movement of air from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back again.

c)

a body of water, often an artificial lake, which is used to store water for human use.

d)

water that falls to Earth’s surface

50.

Water from rain or snow that flows over the surface of the land into streams, rivers, and lakes is called...

a)

accumulation

b)

runoff

c)

ground water

d)

surface water

51.
The process by which plants release water through the pores in their leaves is called...
a)
accumulation
b)
dormancy 
c)
photosynthesis 
d)
transpiration
52.
The transformation of water vapor back into liquid water by cooling is called...
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
53.

After liquid water turns into water vapor, it goes into the air where it becomes a...

a)

glacier

b)

cloud

c)

surface water

d)

ground water

54.
Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called...
a)
surface water
b)
precipitation 
c)
ground water
d)
runoff
55.
What can carry pollutants from the soil into rivers and streams?
a)
runoff water
b)
sunlight and heat
c)
water vapor
56.
The energy that drives the water cycle comes from the...
a)
Sun
b)
Moon
c)
Clouds
57.

Evaporation occurs when the sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, or the ocean, and turns it into...

a)

snow

b)

water vapor

c)

rain

d)

sleet

58.

Which one of these adds oxygen and removes carbon from the atmosphere?

a)

cooking with gas

b)

planting trees

c)

burning wood

d)

riding in a bus

59.
In the carbon cycle, producers take in the gas __
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon monoxide
60.

Evaporation of water through the leaves of trees is

a)

transpiration

b)

runoff

c)

condensation

d)

precipitation

61.

The process in which nitrogen circulates and is recycled is called

a)

The nitrogen cycle

b)

The carbon cycle

c)

The water cycle

d)

The phosphorus cycle

62.

Which one of these is NOT a source of nitrogen?

a)

death and decay

b)

animal waste

c)

combustion

63.

Which one of these does NOT add carbon to the atmosphere?

a)

combustion

b)

cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis

d)

burning fossil fuels

64.
What is the water cycle?
a)
the 3 forms of water
b)
the movement of water on, above, or below the surface of the Earth
c)
when water melts
d)
when clouds form
65.
Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all examples of  ________________. 
a)
evaporation
b)
condensation
c)
accumulation
d)
precipitation
66.
The water cycle has no start or end
a)
true
b)
false
67.
What makes up 78% of the air we breathe?
a)
oxygen
b)

nitrogen

c)

phosphorus

d)
carbon
68.
Which best describes what a food chain shows you?
a)
Energy flow through an ecosystem
b)
Food flowing through an ecosystem
c)
Consumers going into other consumers
d)
Who eats who
69.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
70.
What is the role of a producer?
a)
Use sunlight to make food
b)
Gain energy from eating other organisms
c)
Keep other species from overpopulating
d)
Breaking down dead stuff 
71.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
72.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)
They point to the organism that is being eaten.
b)
It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.
c)
They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 
d)
They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.
73.
What is a trophic level?
a)
Each level represented within a food chain or web.
b)
Levels of ecosystems that the world is divided into.
c)
Different levels of nutrients present within an organism.
d)
The levels of sunlight an autotroph needs to survive. 
74.
An energy pyramid represents what?
a)
How much sunlight is available for the ecosystem to use. 
b)
How much energy a particular organism needs. 
c)
How much energy is needed to build a pyramid. 
d)
The amount of energy available to the next 'feeder' in a food web.
75.
How much energy is available to be passed on to the next trophic level in an ecosystem?
a)
100%
b)
10%
c)
50%
d)
75%
76.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
77.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
78.
A food pyramid represent the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
79.

Which trophic level has the least amount of energy?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

80.
The owl receives energy from which organisms?
a)
grasshopper and mouse
b)
mouse and rabbit
c)
rabbit and butterfly
d)
butterfly and frog
81.
The krill is eaten by which consumer?
a)
blue whale
b)
phytoplankton
c)
leopard seal
d)
penguin
82.
What type of consumer is the shrew?
a)
herbivore
b)
omnivore
c)
carnivore
83.

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

a)

Grasses and ants

b)

Ants and grasshoppers

c)

Grasshoppers and Texas Cottonmouths

d)

Texas cottonmouths and red shouldered hawks

84.

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

a)

Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

b)

Organisms at higher trophic levles require smaller habitats than organisms at lower trophic levels.

c)

Organisms at lower trophic levels provide less energy than organisms at higher trophic levels.

d)

Organisms at lower trophic levels outcompete organisms at higher trophic levels.

85.

When constructing an energy pyramid of a swamp ecosystem, which of these would be placed at the top of the pyramid.

a)

Grass carp

b)

American Alligator

c)

Eastern mud turtle

d)

Great blue heron

86.

Based on this food web, which organisms are direct sources of energy for secondary consumers?

a)

aphid, bird, rabbit

b)

ladybug, fox, dragonfly

c)

frog, butterfly, berries

d)

mouse, snake, hawk

87.

Based on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this energy pyramid?

a)

100 Joules

b)

500 Joules

c)

1,000 Joules

d)

50 Joules

88.

Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers?

a)

chemosynthetic bacteria and amphipods

b)

zooplankton and muscles

c)

ratfish and octopuses

d)

galatheid crabs and zoarcid fish

89.

What is lost to the environment at each trophic level?

a)

food sources

b)

living space for the organisms

c)

nutrients from soil

d)

heat

90.

Which answer choice best describes a community?

a)

Praying mantises caring for their young

b)

Three-spined sticklebacks living in estuaries

c)

different species of lizard occupying the same niche in a desert

d)

roosting mother bats recognizing their offspring

91.

In what order are the levels in the diagram?

a)

population, community, ecosystem

b)

organism, community, population

c)

organism, population, community

d)

ecosystem, population, community

92.

A science class is planning a field trip to a local farm that has a large pond. Which of the following lists the order of biological organization from smallest to largest that the students can expect to find at the pond?

a)

population, organism, community ecosystem

b)

organism population community ecosystem

c)

organism community population ecosystem

d)

population organism ecosystem community

93.
A student investigates how grasshoppers are affected by an environment changing due to drought conditions. Based on the data, which statement best predicts how subsequent populations of the grasshoppers may be affected by the changing environment?
a)
the body size of the brown grasshopper will decrease
b)
the population of green grasshoppers will increase
c)
the population of brown grasshoppers will increase
d)
the number of offspring of the green grasshoppers will increase
94.
What happened to the wolf population between 1980 and 1982?
a)
it increased rapidly
b)
it decreased rapidly
95.
Populations contain more than one member of the species. Which one of these is a population?
a)
Deer and mice
b)
10 squirrels
c)
squirrel
d)
squirrel, deer, and mice
96.

What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?

a)

The population keeps growing

b)

The population reduces untl it is below carrying capacity again

c)

The entire species will go extinct

d)

The carrying capacity just increases

97.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

A decrease in food availability lowers carrying capacity.

b)

An increase in water will decrease the carrying capacity.

c)

A fishes population cannot exceed the carrying capacity.

d)

A population stays level once at carrying capacity.

98.

If there are not enough predators and too many prey, the prey population may eventually starve.

a)

True

b)

False

99.

In this food chain, what will happen if the frogs become extinct?

a)

The snakes will increase.

b)

The grasshoppers will decrease.

c)

The eagles will remain the same.

d)

The grasshoppers will increase.

100.

How do decomposers help the environment?

a)

They produce food.

b)

They break down organic remains so nutrients can be reused.

c)

They eat insects like mosquitos

d)

They protect us from infections

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