WorksheetsUNIT 2 EXAM REVIEW
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 50mins
In DNA adenine pairs with ____.
guanine
uracil
cytosine
thymine
DNA has a _____ structure.
ring
double ring
helix
double helix
In RNA, uracil pairs with _____.
cytocine
guanine
thymine
adenine
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
cell
nucleus
nucleotide
ribosome
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
translation
transcritption
transendence
replication
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
transcription
translation
transendance
replication
DNA holds the code for
lipids
protein
carbohydrates
sugars
How many codons are needed to specify for five amino acids?
3
5
15
30
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand:
GTAGTCA
UATUAGA
CAUCAGU
ACGACTG
CATCAGT
The main function of tRNA is to...
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
form a portion of ribosomes
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUG-CCA-GUA-UGA
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
Tyr-Gly-His
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
Met-Pro-Val-stop
Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGG-CAA-GTA-CGT
ACC-GTT-CAT-GCA
UCC-GUU-CUU-GCU
ACC-GUU-CAU-GCA
UGG-CAA-GUA-CGU
What process is going on in this photo?
transcription
translation
transference
replication
21 nucleotides will provide how many codons?
3
5
7
9
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
DNA
RNA
both
neither
The longest phase of the cell cycle
prophase
metaphase
mitosis
interphase
Identify the phase of mitosis
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
Which phase comes NEXT?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Which phase is metaphase?
a
b
c
d
e
The point on the chromosome where the two chromatids are held together is the
centromere
centriole
chromosome
chromatid
The structure of coiled DNA and proteins that forms in the cells nucleus prior to mitosis is
centromere
centriole
chromosome
chromatid
The first stage of the cell cycle during which the cell matures and prepares to divide and copies its DNA; The stage the cell stays in the most
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Contains the genetic material and serves as the control center of the cell
nuclear membrane
nucleus
spindle fibers
telophase
Put the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
anaphase - prophase - telophase - metaphase
telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase
metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase
prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
Chromosomes are made up of two identical sister _____________.
chloroplast
chromosomes
chromatids
genes
During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend a majority of its time?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Which of the following describes the purpose of the mitosis cell cycle?
To make more of the same cells.
For growth and repair.
To prevent the cell from becoming too large.
All of the above.
What is the result of mitosis?
1 genetically different cell
2 genetically different cells
2 genetically identical cells
4 genetically identical cells
What occurs after cytokinesis is completed at the end of meiosis I?
Four haploid cells are formed.
Two diploid cells are formed.
Two haploid cells are formed.
Four diploid cells are formed.
Anna says that the image is of anaphase I, and Louis says the image is of anaphase II. Which statement best describes who is correct?
Anna is correct because the chromosomes are being pulled apart, which happens in anaphase I.
Louis is correct because the chromosomes are being pulled apart in two haploid cells, which indicates anaphase II.
They are both correct because the process of anaphase is the same in meiosis I and meiosis II.
Neither is correct because the chromosomes are being pulled apart, which happens in metaphase.
At which stage(s) in meiosis is DNA condensed into chromosomes?
prophase I only
prophase I and II
metaphase I and II
metaphase II only
What is the female sex cell that results from meiosis?
zygote
sperm
egg
nucleus
What process allows for the development of haploid sex cells?
meiosis
mitosis
fertilization
pollination
Which is a reason why meiosis is important to sexual reproduction?
Meiosis allows a zygote to grow in cell number.
Meiosis doubles the chromosome number in each cell.
Meiosis allows for the exact duplication of cells.
Meiosis allows for genetic differences between parents and offspring.
What would be the main problem with reproduction if meiosis did not take place to form sex cells?
The zygote would have two nuclei.
Fertilization would result in a zygote with half as many chromosomes as the parents.
Fertilization would result in a zygote with twice as many chromosomes as the parents.
The zygote would have no nucleus.
Allison and Greta are discussing mitosis and meiosis. Allison says that body cells such as muscle cells would use mitosis, and Greta says that body cells would use meiosis.
Who is correct?
Allison, because body cells need to be haploid, genetically different copies, which are produced through mitosis
Allison, because body cells need to be diploid, identical copies, which are produced through mitosis
Greta, because body cells need to be haploid, identical copies, which are produced through meiosis
Greta, because body cells need to be diploid, genetically different copies, which are produced through meiosis
Which are true of meiosis but not mitosis? Select three options.
It generates genetically different cells.
It generates haploid cells.
It involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
It involves two rounds of nuclear division.
It begins with a diploid cell.
A human cell has 46 chromosomes. At the end of mitosis, there are two cells, each with 46 chromosomes, for a total of 92 chromosomes split between both cells.
Which statement describes meiosis in a human cell?
At the end of meiosis, there are two cells, each with 46 chromosomes, for a total of 92 chromosomes split between both cells.
At the end of meiosis, there are four cells, each with 23 chromosomes, for a total of 92 chromosomes split between the four cells.
At the end of meiosis, there are four cells, each with 46 chromosomes, for a total of 184 chromosomes split between the four cells.
At the end of meiosis, there are two cells, each with 23 chromosomes, for a total of 184 chromosomes split between both cells.
A skin cell should generate an exact copy of itself. Through which process would this occur?
meiosis
telophase
fertilization
mitosis
Which image represents cytokinesis in a plant cell?
Which are the main stages of the cell cycle? Select three options.
interphase
mitosis
metaphase
cytokinesis
anaphase
Fred wants to summarize mitosis in the cell cycle. Which statement describes mitosis?
Mitosis includes several steps that occur after the cytoplasm is divided but before the DNA has been copied.
Mitosis includes several steps that occur after the DNA has been copied but before the cytoplasm is divided.
Mitosis is the step in which the cytoplasm is divided.
Mitosis is the step in which the DNA is copied.
Which step of mitosis involves the condensing of DNA into chromosomes?
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase
Which step of mitosis involves the spindle fibers pulling the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell?
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase
Which step of mitosis involves the nucleus splitting and nuclear membranes forming around each new nucleus?
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase
Which are steps of mitosis? Select 4 options.
prophase
metaphase
interphase
anaphase
telophase
Which statement best describes the relationship between prophase and telophase?
The spindle fibers bring the chromosomes together in prophase then apart in telophase.
The spindle fibers bring the chromosomes together in prophase then apart in telophase.
The nuclear membrane forms in prophase and breaks down in telophase.
The nuclear membrane forms in telophase and breaks down in prophase.
Jacqueline is trying to draw an image of a cell in telophase. Which describes what she should draw?
a cell with chromosomes together in the nucleus
a cell with two distinct nuclei
a cell with chromosomes pulling apart
a cell with chromosomes lined up in the middle
Which statement compares what happens in metaphase and anaphase?
The spindle fibers bring the chromosomes together and then pull them apart.
The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart and then bring them together.
The chromosomes condense and then unravel.
The chromosomes unravel and then condense.
Which characteristic of a protein may change during a DNA mutation?
hardness
color
texture
shape
Which is an example of a deletion mutation that results in a new protein?
CAT - CGA - TCC mutates to CAC - TCG - ATC - C
AAT - CGG - CCA mutates to AAC - CGG - CCA
AAT - CGG - CCA mutates to AAT - CGG - AAT - CCA
CAT - CGA - TCC mutates to CAT - TCC
Which is an example of an insertion mutation that changes all of the amino acids that follow the mutation?
CAG - TTC - ACG mutates to CAG - TTA - CAC - G
CAG - TTC - ACG mutates to CAG - TTC - ACC - ACG
TAC - CAT - GGC mutates to AAC - CAT - GGC
TAC - CAT - GGC mutates to TAC - CAT - GG
Which is an example of a substitution mutation?
CAG - TTA - CAC mutates to CAG - GAC - TTA - CAC
CAG - TTA - CAC mutates to CAG - TTA - CAC - AT
CAT - GGC - TAC mutates to CAT - GGC - TAG
CAT - GGC - TAC mutates to ATG - GCT - AC
As a result of a mutation, the DNA sequence AGT - TGA - CAT changes to AAT - TGA - CAT.
Which best describes the mutation?
It is a substitution in which the DNA base, G, was replaced with a different DNA base, A.
It is a deletion in which the DNA base, G, was replaced with a different DNA base, A.
It is a substitution in which three DNA bases, AGT, were replaced with three different DNA bases, AAT.
It is a deletion in which three DNA bases, AGT, were replaced with three different DNA bases, AAT.
Which is an example of a beneficial mutation?
one that changes the color of a rabbit, allowing it to hide from predators.
one that results in lighter flower petal colors without changing the plant’s ability to reproduce
one that causes a person’s body to produce thick mucus that clogs the lungs
one that makes it easier for a corn plant to contract a disease
A mutation causes a dog to be born with a tail that is shorter than normal.
Which best describes this mutation?
It is harmful because it obviously affects the dog’s survival.
It is harmful because it affects the dog’s physical appearance.
It is neutral because it does not obviously affect the dog’s survival.
It is beneficial because it affects the dog’s physical appearance.
A mutation can cause a defect in human hemoglobin. Which would result in this type of mutation?
decreased ability to carry oxygen
development of cancerous tumors
inability to break down sugar
development of bacterial infections
Which best shows a harmful effect of a mutation?
Which best summarizes the effects of mutations on organisms?
Mutations are sometimes helpful, sometimes harmful, and sometimes neutral.
Mutations are usually harmful, sometimes neutral, and never helpful.
Mutations are sometimes neutral, sometimes helpful, and never harmful.
Mutations are always harmful, never helpful, and never neutral.
What effects do mutations have? Check all that apply.
could change protein shape
never change protein shape
might be neutral
might be harmful
might be beneficial
Before DNA was discovered, in which materials did scientists think the genetic material was stored?proteins
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
lipids
Which two scientists worked together to develop a three-dimensional model of DNA?
Miescher and Wilkins
Crick and Miescher
Franklin and Watson
Watson and Crick
Which best summarizes the scientific process that led to our current understanding of DNA?
Each scientist made an important, but unrelated, contribution.
Scientists built on the previous work of other scientists to make new discoveries.
Most of the discoveries were made by chance and did not depend on prior knowledge.
The most important contributions were made within the same time period of the late 1800s.
Which substances compose the backbone of DNA?
sugars and lipids
phosphates and amino acids
sugars and phosphates
lipids and proteins
Which best describes the storage of the genetic code?
A gene is a segment of DNA, a condensed DNA molecule makes up a chromosome, a chromosome is inside a nucleus, and a nucleus is contained within a cell.
A DNA molecule is a segment of a gene, a gene makes up a chromosome, a chromosome is inside a cell, and a cell is contained within a nucleus.
A gene is a segment of a chromosome, a condensed chromosome makes up a DNA molecule, a DNA molecule is inside a nucleus, and a nucleus is contained within a cell.
A DNA molecule is a segment of a chromosome, a chromosome makes up a gene, a gene is inside a cell, and a cell is contained within a nucleus.
Which label best represents the area marked Y?
chromosome
protein
gene
DNA
Which best describes how DNA fits inside a cell nucleus?
DNA folds into stacked layers called chromatin, which then squeeze into the nucleus.
DNA is double-stranded, so one strand is inside the nucleus and the other wraps around the nucleus.
DNA tightly coils around proteins and condenses into chromosomes, which fit in the nucleus.
DNA is naturally much smaller than the cell nucleus so it easily fits inside the nucleus.
Which characteristics describe the genetic code of humans? Select three options.
can help in development of effective medications
can only help understand human genetics
can help explain genetic diseases
composed of about 19,000 genes
composed of 23 chromosomes
What causes the differences in physical characteristics like hair color among people?
different versions of genes
variations in DNA length
different numbers of chromosomes
variations in cell nucleus size
Which best compares DNA and RNA with regard to the process of protein production?
DNA transforms from a nucleic acid into a protein, and RNA remains a nucleic acid.
RNA transforms from a nucleic acid into a protein, and DNA remains a nucleic acid.
DNA leaves the nucleus during the process and RNA remains in the nucleus.
RNA leaves the nucleus during the process and DNA remains in the nucleus.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
ribosomes
tRNA molecules
chromosomes
What is the twisted ladder shape of the DNA called?
3-D model
nucleotides
double helix
single strand
A gardener wants to grow plants with large purple flowers. She crosses two parent plants that have large purple flowers in order to produce the desired trait in the offspring. Which best describes this scenario?
genetic engineering
gene therapy
cloning
selective breeding
Janelle thinks that genetic engineering could be used to make a larger fruit rather than cloning the fruit. Which would best support her point of view?
Genetic engineering does not cost as much.
Genetic engineering does not result in genetically identical organisms.
Genetically engineered foods never cause allergies in people.
Genetically engineered foods have not been modified.
Bipalium kewense is a species of flatworm that can reproduce sexually; however, instead it usually breaks into two pieces, each of which becomes a fully functioning adult.
What is the main method of reproduction for these flatworms?
binary fission
fragmentation
sporulation
fertilization
A teacher makes a Venn diagram to compare asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Which label belongs in the region marked X?
Produces offspring
Involves meiosis
Requires spores
Requires eggs
This cell is undergoing a step of meiosis I. What step is the cell in?
the beginning of prophase I
the middle of metaphase I
the end of anaphase I
the middle of telophase I
Snails have a diploid chromosome number of 22. After meiosis, the snail’s sperm or egg would have 11 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would the zygote have after fertilization?
11
22
33
46
Which image represents cytokinesis in a plant cell?
Examine the images of a plant cell in the different stages of mitosis. Which lists the steps in the correct order?
W, X, Y, Z
W, Z, X, Y
Z, W, Y, X
Z, Y, W, X
A person with a bacterial infection is taking amoxicillin, which is an antibiotic. The bacteria that are causing the infection have mutated and fight off the amoxicillin. Which best summarizes this mutation?
It is beneficial to the person and harmful to the bacteria.
It is harmful to the person and beneficial to the bacteria.
It is beneficial to the person and to the bacteria.
It is harmful to the person and to the bacteria.
The diagram shows a section of DNA. What is the arrow labeled X pointing to?
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
Which occurs during both DNA replication and protein production?
RNA leaves the nucleus.
DNA leaves the nucleus.
DNA unzips.
RNA unzips.
A scientist takes a cell from one cow and an egg from a second cow. The scientist removes the DNA from the egg and replaces it with the DNA from the first cow. The scientist’s goal is to produce a baby cow with DNA that is identical to the first cow. Which best describes this scenario?
genetic engineering
genetic engineering
cloning
selective breeding
A researcher changes the DNA in a soybean plant so that it produces offspring with a resistance to weed killer. Which best describes this scenario?
genetic engineering
gene therapy
cloning
selective breeding
Which best compares genetic engineering and cloning of animals?
Both result in offspring with a single, specific desirable trait.
Both result in offspring that are genetically identical to the original organism.
Both require that DNA be manipulated in some way.
Both require that only females are used in the process.
The diagram shows a process used to produce apple trees with the desired trait of sweeter fruits. Which labels should be used to complete the diagram?
X: Enzymes
Y: Apple tree DNA
X: Enzymes
Y: Gene for sweeter fruit
X: Apple tree DNA
Y: Gene for sweeter fruit
X: Gene for sweeter fruit
Y: Apple tree DNA
In recent years, a certain area of the world has experienced greater shifts in weather patterns. For example, there are many nights during which the temperature gets below freezing, but many days that are very warm. These shifts have made it difficult to grow and harvest crops. Which advantage of genetic technology would be most helpful in solving this problem?
increased nutritional value of crops
increased resistance to environmental factors
greater resistance to crop-killing diseases
greater resistance to insecticides
Which structure carries instructions for producing the proteins that help make a person’s hair curly?
phosphate
deoxyribose
lipid
gene
Shira listed the steps for protein production in cells. Which step is missing?
1. A strand of RNA is made.
2. RNA leaves the nucleus.
3. RNA moves to the ribosome.
4. A protein is made.
DNA unzips after step 1.
DNA unzips before step 1.
DNA is replicated after step 3.
DNA is replicated before step 3.
A DNA sequence is shown.
CTG - GAG - CAT
Which sequences show the result of an insertion mutation in the DNA? Choose 2
CTG - GGC - AT
CTG - TAT - CAT
TTG - GAG - CAT
CTA - GGA - GCA - T
CTG - GAG - TCG - AT
Rosa drew a diagram to compare substitution mutations and insertion mutations. Which label belongs in the area marked "Y"?
may change the type of amino acid
decreases the number of bases in the sequence
never changes the type of amino acid
increases the number of bases in the sequence
A mutation causes a tomato plant to have much fewer, smaller leaves. Plants use their leaves to make food. Which best describes this mutation?
It is harmful because it obviously affects the plant’s ability to survive.
It is beneficial because it affects the plant’s physical appearance.
It is neutral because it does not obviously affect the plant’s ability to survive.
It is neutral because it affects the plant’s physical appearance.
Examine the diagram of the cell cycle.
Which label identifies the stage in which the DNA is copied and the cell grows?
W
X
Y
Z
Examine the diagram of the cell cycle. Which label identifies the step labeled W?
Anaphase: chromosomes thicken
Metaphase: chromosomes thicken
Anaphase: chromosomes are pulled apart
Metaphase: chromosomes are pulled apart
A female blue jay is generating an egg cell for reproduction. Through which process does the egg cell form?
meiosis
prophase
fertilization
mitosis
Which statement describes a similarity between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
Both processes involve fertilization.
Both processes involve cell division.
Both processes produce genetically identical offspring.
Both processes require two parents.
Chimpanzees reproduce sexually, and sponges reproduce asexually. What disadvantage do chimpanzees have compared to sponges?
Chimpanzees’ offspring have differences in their DNA.
Chimpanzees require less energy to make offspring.
Chimpanzees reproduce more slowly.
Chimpanzees’ offspring have to fight harder for resources.
