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Cell Communication

Total questions: 64

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Through what structure do two neurons communicate through neurotransmitters?

a)
Hormones
b)
Synapse
c)
Cholesterol
d)
Monty
2.
What is an organic compound that is made by glands in the body (pituitary, thyroid, etc) that is used in long distance communication between cells?
a)
Hormones
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Synapse
d)
Carbohydrates
3.
Which of the following would be an example of paracrine signaling in animals?
a)
neurotransmitter acetylcholine
b)
hormone epinephrine
c)
neurotransmitter norepinephrine
d)
growth factor
4.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
5.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
6.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
7.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
8.
Which of the following is involved in many human medicines for disease?
a)
cAMP
b)
Calcium concentration
c)
G-protein pathways
d)
receptor tyrosine kinases
9.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
10.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
11.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
12.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
13.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
14.
Do plant cells communicate using hormones?
a)
yes
b)
no
15.
Which of the following converts cAMP to AMP?
a)
phosphodiesterase
b)
protein phosphatase
c)
GTPase
16.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
17.
Which of the following would be an example of paracrine signaling in animals?
a)
neurotransmitter acetylcholine
b)
hormone epinephrine
c)
neurotransmitter norepinephrine
d)
growth factor
18.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
19.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
20.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
21.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
22.
What is a function of the second messenger IP3?
a)
bind to and activate protein kinase A
b)
activate transcription factors
c)
convert ATP to cAMP
d)
bind to and open ligand-gated channels
23.
Which of the following is involved in many human medicines for disease?
a)
cAMP
b)
Calcium concentration
c)
G-protein pathways
d)
receptor tyrosine kinases
24.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
25.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
26.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
27.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
28.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
29.
Do plant cells communicate using hormones?
a)
yes
b)
no
30.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
31.
Which of the following converts cAMP to AMP?
a)
phosphodiesterase
b)
protein phosphatase
c)
GTPase
32.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
33.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
34.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
35.
What is a function of the second messenger IP3?
a)
bind to and activate protein kinase A
b)
activate transcription factors
c)
convert ATP to cAMP
d)
bind to and open ligand-gated channels
36.
Which of the following is involved in many human medicines for disease?
a)
cAMP
b)
Calcium concentration
c)
G-protein pathways
d)
receptor tyrosine kinases
37.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
38.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
39.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
40.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
41.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
42.
Which of the following converts cAMP to AMP?
a)
phosphodiesterase
b)
protein phosphatase
c)
GTPase
43.

In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions

regulated?

a)

Opening and closing of ligand-gated channels

b)

Transduction

c)

Cytoskeleton rearrangement

d)

Endocytosis

44.

Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:

a)

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.

b)

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.

c)

relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

d)

amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.

45.

In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions

regulated?

a)

Opening and closing of ligand-gated channels

b)

Transduction

c)

Cytoskeleton rearrangement

d)

Endocytosis

46.

What could happen to the target cells in an animal that lack receptors for local regulators?

a)

They could compensate by receiving nutrients via an α factor.

b)

They could develop normally in response to neurotransmitters instead.

c)

They could divide but never reach full size.

d)

They would not be able to multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells.

47.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
48.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

49.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

50.

Hormones like epinephrine travel from the signaling cell to target cells by:

a)

direct contact

b)

local signaling

c)

long distance signaling

51.

Neurons send signals with neurotransmitters through:

a)

direct contact through gap junctions

b)

long distance signaling in the bloodstream

c)

local signaling across the synaptic cleft

52.

When a ligand binds to the target cell it is called:

a)

reception

b)

transduction

c)

response

53.

Animals send hormones hormones through the body via:

a)

the air

b)

the bloodstream

c)

the digestive system

54.

After a cellular response, how is it terminated?

a)

separate the ligand and receptor

b)

block the transduction pathway

c)

it will keep responding

d)

send out a different signal

55.

Which are two widely used second messengers?

a)

cAMP

b)

RTK's

c)

Ca2+

d)

sodium

56.

Adrenaline is released from your adrenal glands to affect various systems in the body. This is an example of ____ signaling.

a)

synaptic

b)

endocrine

c)

paracrine

d)

autocrine

57.

All cells have the same response to the same signal.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

When a signal molecule arrives at the appropriate G protein-coupled receptor, the receptor changes its conformation, a GTP binds to the alpha subunit, and the G protein alpha and beta/gamma subunits _____________ .

a)

come together to form an alpha/beta/gamma complex

b)

separate and are both active

c)

are inactivated and then separate

d)

bind to calcium Ca++ and open Calcium ion channels

59.

Which of the following is the order of steps for a signal transduction pathway?

a)

Transduction -> Response

b)

Reception -> Initiation -> Transduction -> Response

c)

Reception -> Transduction -> Response

d)

Transduction -> Reception -> Response

60.

Paracrine signaling is

a)

Local Signaling

b)

Long distance signaling through the bloodstream

c)

Signals sent to cells through gap junctions

d)

a signal that cells send to themselves

61.

The G-Protein Couple Receptor is a Multi-pass membrane protein that passes through the membrane ______ times.

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

7

e)

9

62.

The alpha subunit of the G protein has GTPase activity which means that when ______ is attached the protein is ________ .

a)

GTP : active

b)

GDP : inactive

c)

GTP : inactive

d)

GDP : active

63.
This junction allows communication between two cells with adjoining plasma membrane channels.
a)
Desmosomes
b)
TIght Junctions
c)
Gap Junctions
d)
Plasmodesmata
64.

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are analogous to what structure in animal cells?

a)

gap junctions

b)

tight junctions

c)

loose junctions

d)

plant junctions

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