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WorksheetsUnit 2 Test Endocrine and Cardiovascular
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which statement best describes the regulation of blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin, from the thyroid, decreases blood calcium by stimulating bone building osteoblasts and PTH, from the parathyroid gland which increases blood calcium by causing the break down of bone tissue
PTH, from the thyroid, decreases blood calcium by stimulating bone building osteoblasts and calcitonin, from the parathyroid gland which increases blood calcium by causing the break down of bone tissue
Calcitonin, from the parathryoid, decreases blood calcium by stimulating bone building osteoblasts and PTH, from the thyroid gland which increases blood calcium by causing the break down of bone tissue
Calcitonin, from the thyroid, increases blood calcium by stimulating bone building osteoblasts and PTH, from the parathyroid gland which decreases blood calcium by causing the break down of bone tissue
Which explanation best describes the photo?
the man on the left is an adult and the man on the right is a child
the man on the right has ateliastism or pituitary dwarfism
the man on the left has hypersecretion of growth hormone or acromegally
the man on the left has hypersecretion of growth hormone or gigantism
The hormone produced by the cells around the periphery of the follicles, and requiring dietary iodine to be active, is
thryoid hormone
parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
glucocorticoid
Which of the following does not show a symptom of Cushings disease, or hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary or hypersecretion of adrenalcortico hormones?
Cells with specific receptors on their surface capable of bonding to hormones and responding are
Receiver cells
Communicator cells
Hormone chipped cells
Target cells
Which gland controls sleep/ wake cycles by releasing melationin and is thought to have been a “third eye” in our evolutionary past?
The gland at the tip of the pointer is the
Thyroid
Pituitary
Thymus
Pancreas
The hormone regulated by positive feedback that plays a role in "bonding" and is responsible for uterine contractions is
ADH
Oxytocin
hGH
Estrogen
The hormone responsible for blood sodium concentration is
ADH or antidiuretic hormone
PTH or parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone, a mineralcorticoid
Thyroid hormone
The condition when an individual experiences hyposecretion of growth hormone resulting in a small but normally proportioned body is
Cretinism
Addison's Syndrome
Grave's disease
Ateliastic or pituitary Dwarfism
Which best indicates the location of the pineal gland?
Which of the following hormones does not play a role in reproductive function?
FSH or follicle stimulating hormone
LH or lutenizing hormone
gonadocorticoids
ADH or antidiuretic hormone
What is the best explanation for why long term stress causes an increase in colds, flu, and even cancer?
Stress causes in increase in sympathetic nerve stimulation which leads to increases in glucocorticoids that suppress the immune system
Stress causes an increase in mucus production leading to large colonies of bacteria and virus particles becoming trapped within the body.
Sress causes a decrease in the hormones that stimulate the immune system.
None of these are correct.
A small amount of prolactin released just before menstruation causes
a very heavy menstrual period to occur that month
ovulation, the release of a mature egg cell
a decrease in the amount of estrogen and progesterone present
slight swelling and a few days of breast tenderness
This part of the brain that links the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Pancreas
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
In what scenario might your body release adrenaline?
when you're waking up from a long night's sleep
when there isn't enough calcium in your bloodstream
when you're threatened by a schoolyard bully
when you've had too much to eat
Insulin causes
a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose
an increase in the production of glucose from glycogen
a release of adrenaline into the body
The pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland. This is an example of:
Hormonal Stimulation
Humoral Stimulation
Neural Stimulation
Which disorder is caused by low secretions of the adrenal gland?
Cushing's
Grave's
Addison's
Gigantism
What is the condition caused by lack of insulin to break down blood sugar after a meal?
Hyperglycemia
Diabetes
Hypoglycemia
Cushing's
Which is the best explanation for the connection between chronic stress and illnesses including colds, flu and cancer?
the lack of melatonin reduces sleep time and leads to increased illnesses
chronic stress causes hypersecretion of GH which leads to acromegally which causes many different illnesses
hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands due to stress, suppress the immune system
an increase in blood sugar due to hyposecretion of insulin from the pancreas causes the body to be more attractive to disease causing organisms
This individual is most likely experiencing
both hypersecretion of the thyroid gland and thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary
hypersecretion of the thyroid gland only
hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary only
either hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone or thyroid hormone
This gland, which is stimulated by the follicle stimulating hormone from the pituitary, is the
ovary
pancreas
adrenal gland
thymus
The pituitary, also known as the master gland is comprised of 2 kinds of tissues. Which statement is correct?
None of these are correct.
The left is cuboidal epithelium and the right side is connective tissue.
The connective tissue is on the right, pancreatic tissue is on the left.
The neuronal tissue is on the right, the epithelial tissue is on the left.
What is this gland?
Thyroid
pituitary
Adrenal
Cortex
This component of blood, known as plasma, is 90% water and contains the plasma proteins. What percentage is it by volume?
20
30
55
60
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma proteins?
antibodies to fight diseases
carriers for non-polar substances
maintains osmotic balance
buffers for maintaining homeostatic pH
Which of the following statements are not true about erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs)?
they are shaped like biconcave discs
the diameter of a blood cell is almost equal to the diameter of the capillaries, or smallest blood vessels
they can carry oxygen because they contain hemoglobin which consists of heme plus copper
they have no nucleus and so they can not grow, divide, or carry out any protein synthesis
they are made in the bone marrow
Put the steps in order:
1. erythropoietin attaches to target cells
2. blood low in oxygen passes through the kidney
3. erythropoiesis occurs in the bone marrow
4. a hormone is released
2,4,1,3
3,4,2,1
1,2,3,4
4,2,3,1
Which of the following statements are not true this blood?
the elongated sickle shaped cells do not fit through the capillaries
it confers immunity to the transmission of malaria
it causes an early death if inherited in the homozygous form
symptoms include anemia or insufficient delivery of oxygen to the tissues of the body
all of the other answers are true
Which of these is responsible for the lack of clotting seen in the disorder thrombocytopenia?
1
2
3
4
5
What is the normal proportion of these virus destroying WBCs?
40-70%
8-10%
.05%
1-4%
20-30%
Put the steps of hemostasis in order:
a. fibrinolysis b. clot retraction and repair
c. vascular spasms d. coagulation e. plug formation
d,a,c,e,b
b,e,c,d,a
c, e, d, b, a
e,b,c,a,d
The first column is anti-serum A, the second is anti-serum B and the third is anti-serum Rh. Which would be the results for someone with O- blood?
Which blood type can not be used for a transfusion into someone with B+ blood?
O-
AB-
O+
B-
This WBC, which normally are the most numerous leukocytes, is a
basophil
eosinophil
neurtophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
Which cell type is pictured?
Basophil
Thrombocyte
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Neutrophil
Which cell type is pictured?
Eosinophil
Thrombocyte
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Basophil
What is the function of a thrombocyte?
Functions in transport and gas exchange
As a first responder, it works by phagocytosis but can also release toxic substances from its granules in order to lyse pathogenic cells
Plays a major role in allergic response by producing histamine; also produces heparin to control blood clotting
Helps the blood clotting process by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur
Produces antibodies, which target specific pathogens by binding to the antigens presented on their surfaces
This cell type functions specifically to combat parasitic infections but also helps to promote inflammation and plays a role in allergic reactions
Basophil
T lymphocyte
Eosinophil
Thrombocyte
Neutrophil
If your blood type is Rh + (such as A+) then you have _____ on your red blood cells.
antibodies
Rh antigens
no Rh antigens
multiple alleles
What are leukocytes?
red blood vessels
plasma
white blood cells
platelest
What is this leukocyte?
Monocyte
Basophil
Band cell
Lymphocyte
Which is the best explanation for why feces are brown?
most food in the diet is brown
undigestible fiber is brown
brown is a mixture of all the colors in the food that was eaten
feces contain bilirubin from RBC breakdown that has been collected by the liver and secreted into the small intestine
What is the cause of pernicious anemia?
hemorrage
incorrectly matched blood transfusion
toxins, poisons, irradiation
a diet low in B vitamins
The smooth innner surface of the heart, the endocardium, is ______________.
cardiac muscle
squamous epithelial cells
myocardium
pericardium
These structures, referred to as the "heart strings" are actually connective strands that anchor the valves called
mitrals
tricuspids
chordae tendinae
trabeculae carnae
The "hole in the heart" or foramen ovale is actually
a birth defect
a genetic mutation
a short cut for oxygenated fetal blood to move from the right side to the left side of the heart
a short cut for oxygenated fetal blood to move from the left side to the right side of the heart
Which of the following would not be a difference between the right side and the left side of the heart?
the left side circulates blood systemically and the right side is the pulmonary circulation
the left ventricle is cone shaped with thick muscular walls, the right side walls are thin and the chamber is smaller
the right side has deoxygenated blood and the left has oxygenated blood
all are differences
Which of the following is the reason why the heart can't get "sore" from over exertion?
they have a long refractory (mandatory resting) period between contractions
the cardiac cells have a leaky cell membrane
cardiac muscle cells can only make ATP from aerobic respiration so they can not produce lactic acid
the cardiac muscle cells are involuntary
Which part of the EKG reflects the electrical activity when the ventricles are depolarizing (contracting) and the atria repolarizing (relaxing)?
P
QRS
RST
T
What is the most likely diagnosis of this EKG?
bradycardia
death
ventricular fibrillation
atrial fibrillation
Identify the left atrium.
What is a myocardial infarct?
a rapid heart rate well above 75BPM
a heart attack or blockage of blood flow to heart muscle tissue
pain in the heart muscle
blood leakage into the space between the heart and the pericardium stopping the heart from beating
What does a blood pressure of 180/80 mean?
180 is the pressure when the heart is resting and 80 is the pressure when the heart is beating
the diastolic pressure, or pressure when the heart is resting is low
both the systolic and diastolic pressures are normal
the systolic pressure, or pressure when the heart is beating is high
What is a heart murmer?
a whispering sound blood makes as it squeezes into the aorta
the sound of blood flowing through the forament ovale
a whispering sound the heart makes during a heart attack
the sound of block leaking backwards through a defective heart valve
The blood flowing into the left atrium comes from which of the following?
the head through the superior vena cava
the lungs through the pulmonary veins
the lungs through the pulmonary arteries
the body through the inferior vena cava
Where does blood go when it leaves the left ventricle?
into the aorta then through systemic circulation
into the aorta then through the pulmonary circulation
into the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
into the pulmonary veins to the lungs
On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right ventricle to the?
Tricuspid valve to the pulmonary vein
Pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve to pulmonary artery
Inferior vena cava to the aorta
Which blood vessel has valves to prevent the back-flow of blood?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Normal blood pressure is...
120/80 mmHg and below
80/120 mmHg and below
140/90 mmHg and below
80/140 mmHg and below
If you are type A+, you can donate blood to someone who is
AB +
A -
AB -
O +
Vein that empties blood from the lower body into the upper right heart chamber
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Veins
Aortic veins
Largest artery in the body taking oxygenated blood to the body from the lower left chamber
Pulmonary
Radial
Aorta
Femoral
The blood enters on the left side of the heart (from the lungs) through the ______________ and enters the left atrium. It then passes through the _____________to enter the left ventricle.
pulmonary artery, mitral valve
pulmonary vein, tricuspid valve
pulmonary artery, aortic valve
pulmonary vein, bicuspid valve
Which chamber receives blood from the upper right chamber and sends blood to the lungs?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right ventricle to the?
Tricuspid valve to the pulmonary vein
Pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve to pulmonary artery
Inferior vena cava to the aorta
What part of the heart delivers richly oxygenated blood to the body?
Tricuspid Valve
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
What is the significance of the intercalated discs found between cardiac muscle cells but not found in skeletal muscle?
The discs act as cushions between different parts of the heart.
The discs pass the electrical stimulation to the cells of the heart.
They are tight connections to hold cardiac cells together during contractions.
The discs are the location of the mitochondria.
Which of the following prevents tetanus (cramps) in cardiac muscle?
The cardiac muscle cell membrane is "leaky" and allows ions to leak out preventing tetanus.
A long, mandatory recovery time called the refractory period, between contractions of the cells.
The lack of production of lactic acid by cardiac muscle cells.
Tetanus in skeletal muscle cells is due to multiple nu
Unlike skeletal muscle, "ALL or NONE" applies to the entire heart and not just the individual cardiac muscles cells because
cardiac muscle cells are leaky and can initiate their own contraction
skeletal muscle cells are leaky and can initiate their own contraction
every single cardiac muscle cell must contract at exactly the same time
in order to push blood forward, the heart must contract in a particular sequence
Which statement is not true of heart sounds?
A "murmur" or swishing sound happens when the valve blocks blood from passing through.
Lub, the first sound, happens when the AV valves slam shut.
There are two sounds for every heart contraction.
Dub, the second sound, happens when the semilunar valves slam shut.
Where is the best place to auscultate the mitral or bicuspid valve?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following is pain resulting from decreased oxygen flow to the heart muscle, usually caused by arteriosclerosis?
tamponade
angina
infarction
pericarditis
Which of the following is not true of systole?
it is the pressure in the circulatory system when the heart is contracting
it is the top number of the blood pressure
it fluctuates easily due to environmental effects like standing, talking or being nervous
it is, on the average, 80
What causes the first sound that you hear when taking blood pressure?
the artery being completely closed
the pressure in the artery forcing blood through a partially constricted artery
the artery being completely open
it is the sound of blood in the veins, not the arteries
Why are widespread bacterial infections dangerous?
they can clog the heart and cause a stroke
they can damage a valve and cause a heart murmur
they can block the ICS and stop the heart from beating
bacterial infections are not dangerous
Which of the following are not true of 4.?
It is the contraction or depolarization of the ventricles.
it is the relaxation or repolarization of the atria.
it is called the P wave.
it is triggered by action potentials in the purkinje fibers.
When someone exercises and loses weight, how does the EKG change?
1. gets flatter
3. gets sharper
the horizontal lines get longer
two 4. peaks occur
What is a dangerous and potentially fatal effect on the cardiovascular system of having a head injury?
tachycardia or rapid heart rate
Both tachycardia and bradycardia
bradycardia or slow heart rate
neither tachycardia or bradycardia
What is this graph showing?
"A fib"
"V fib"
bradycardia
tamponade
Fill in the blank:
It just don't get any _________ than this.
louder
gooder
better
funner
