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AP Bio Genetics

Total questions: 53

Worksheet time: 13hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait. If a man and a woman have a son who is affected with hemophilia, which of the following is definitely true?
a)
The mother carries an allele for hemophilia
b)
The father carries an allele for hemophilia
c)
The father is afflicted with hemophilia
d)
both parents carry an allele for hemophilia
2.
In peas, the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait for short plants is recessive (t).  The trait for yellow seeds is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seeds is recessive (y).
A cross between two plants results in 292 tall, yellow plants and 103 short, green plants.  What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
a)
TtYY x Ttyy
b)
TTYy x TTYy
c)
TTyy x TTYy
d)
TtYy x TtYy
3.

A researcher crossed a male Drosophila melanogaster having a grey body and long wings with a female D. melanogaster having a black body and apterous wings. The following distribution of traits was observed in the offspring.

What conclusion is supported by the data?

a)

The alleles for gray body and long wings are dominant.

b)

The alleles for gray body and long wings are recessive.

c)

Genes for the two traits are located on two different chromosomes, and independent assortment occurred.

d)

Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci.

4.

A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offspring in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1 flies were test crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared as indicated below.


If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics appeared in both males and females, it would be safe to assume that these traits for eye color and wing length are...

a)

are sex-linked

b)

are sex-influenced characteristics

c)

are autosomal characteristics

d)

follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment

5.

The pedigree of a family with a history of a particular genetic disease is shown below. Squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent those who have the disease


If Individual 6 marries a woman with the disease, what is the probability that their first child will have the disease?

a)

0

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

6.

Which blood-type is co-dominant, where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

a)

Type A

b)

Type B

c)

Type AB

d)

Type O

7.
R=round seed
r=wrinkled seed.
Cross a homozygous round with a wrinkled. Which statement predicts the results?
a)
offspring will be Rr
b)
offspring will be RR
c)
round seeds will be recessive to wrinkled
d)
Wrinkled will be observed in half of offspring
8.
In guinea pigs, the alleles for black hair(B) is dominant to the allele for brown hair(b). Two black-haired guinea pigs are crossed. One of the pigs is homozygous for black hair and one is heterozygous. What percentage of their offspring are expected to have black hair?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
9.
Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?
a)
9/16
b)
3/16
c)
1/16
d)
16/16
10.
A male beetle has the genotype Ttbb. If this beetle mates with a female with genotype TTBb, what is the chance their offspring will have the genotype TtBb?
a)
12.5%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
11.
What fraction of offspring from the cross AaBB x Aabb will be heterozygous for both traits?
a)
1/16
b)
1/4
c)
1/2
d)
3/16
12.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
c)
Independent assortment
d)
Recessive inheritance
13.
A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be:
a)
all black
b)
all white
c)
all gray
d)
speckled black and white
14.
In Andalusian fowls, black individuals (BB) and white individuals (bb) are homozygous. Heterozygous individuals are grey (Bb).  
What is the genotype ratio for a cross between a grey fowl and a white fowl?
a)
2 BB: 2 Bb: 0 bb
b)
0 BB: 4 Bb: 0 bb
c)
0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 bb
d)
1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb
15.
In some carnations, flower color exhibits codominance. When crosses, Red (R) and white (W) flowers make speckled flowers (RW) that show both colors.
Complete a cross between A speckled flower and a red flower. Find the phenotype ratio.
a)
2 red: 2 speckled: 0 white
b)
4 red: 0 speckled: 0 white
c)
0 red: 4 speckled: 0 white
d)
0 red: 2 speckled: 2 white
16.
If a plant with the genotype SSGg is crossed with a plant with the genotype Ssgg, what percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous for both traits? 
a)
75 %
b)
50%
c)
25%
d)
12.5%
17.
Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What percentage of the offspring of the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur and long tails?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
18.
A child born with blood type O could have parents with all of the following blood types except...?
a)
iAiO and iBiO
b)
iBiO and iOiO
c)
iAiO and iAiO
d)
iAiB and iOiO
19.
When a red and white individual produce pink offspring it is called:
a)
codominance
b)
multiple alleles
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
epistasis
20.
In peas, the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait for short plants is recessive (t).  The trait for yellow seeds is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seeds is recessive (y).
A cross between two plants results in 292 tall, yellow plants and 103 short, green plants.  What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
a)
TtYY x Ttyy
b)
TTYy x TTYy
c)
TTyy x TTYy
d)
TtYy x TtYy
21.
A couple who are both carriers for the gene for cystic fibrosis have two children who have cystic fibrosis.  What is the probability that their next child will have cystic fibrosis?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
22.
Given the parents AABbCc x AabbCc, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent? 
a)
1/4
b)
1/8
c)
3/4
d)
3/8
23.

This pedigree chart is for a family, some of whose members exhibit the recessive trait, woolly hair. Affected individuals are indicated by an open square or circle. What is the likelihood that the progeny of D-3 and D-4 will have wooly hair?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

24.
What is the genotype of the father?
a)
AA
b)
aa
c)
Aa
d)
AA or aa
25.
If the parents of a cross are AaBcCc x aaBBcc. What is the probability of an offspring that is homozygous recessive for all 3 traits?
a)
1/64
b)
1/32
c)
1/8
d)
O
26.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
aB, ab, AB, Ab
b)
aB, Ab, AB, AB
c)
AB, aB, AB, Ab
d)
aB, ab, aB, ab
27.
circumstance where the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of one or more independently inherited genes
a)
epigenetics
b)
epistasis
c)
epigenome
d)
enzyme
28.

States that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation.

a)

Law of Dominance

b)

Law of Segregation

c)

Law of Loci

d)

Law of Independent Assortment

29.

Genes located near each other on the same chromosome tend to be _____________.

a)

Inherited together.

b)

not inherited together.

c)

mixed together.

d)

separated.

30.

A degenerative disease of the nervous system

The disease has no obvious phenotypic effects until the individual is about 35 to 40 years of age.

a)

Huntington's

b)

Sickle cell anemia

c)

cystic fibrosis

d)

Achondroplasia

31.

If the χ2 critical value = 5.99 and the

χ2 calculated value = 7.35, what is the conclusion

a)

Reject null hypothesis

b)

Accept null hypothesis

c)

there is not enough info to decide

d)

The conclusion can only be made if we also know the p-value

32.

What are the degrees of freedom for the following χ² test?

a)

6

b)

2

c)

5

d)

12

33.

A problem that starts with "a manager thinks that 50% of the company's employees were educated on the east coast and 50% were educated on the the west coast".


Actual Cell Count

East Coast = 56

West Coast = 44

a)

chi-squared value is 1.44 - reject the null hypothesis

b)

chi-squared value is 1.44 - accept the null hypothesis

c)

chi-squared value is 0.84 - reject the null hypothesis

d)

chi-squared value is 0.84 - accept the null hypothesis

34.
A few deer wander out of their native woods into a completely new park where no deer had ever been before. They go on to create an entirely new population.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Non-random mating
d)
Mutation
35.
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measure?
a)
changes in allele frequencies
b)
numbers of mutations
c)
goodness of fit
d)
genetic diversity
36.
A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele (B) and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele (b). Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the frequency of the genotype (bb).
a)
0.09
b)
0.42
c)
0.49
d)
0.21
37.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of recessive genotype?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

38.
Gene flow involves
a)
Natural disasters killing most of the members of a population
b)
Individuals moving into and out of the population
c)
Selective mating
d)
Small changes because of the environment
39.
Which of the following statements is supported by the graph below?
a)
The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, as the sum of the frequency of the dominant allele and the recessive allele is always equal to 1
b)
The percentage of individuals homozygous recessive for this particular trait is increasing over time
c)
Selection has caused frequencies to change over time because individuals with a dominant allele survive at higher rates than individuals with recessive alleles
d)
Individuals who are homozygous recessive for this particular trait have migrated into the population, causing the frequency to approach 1
40.
When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,  what is NOT happening to the species?
a)
Survival
b)
Reproduction
c)
Death
d)
Evolution
41.
Gene A, B, and C are on the same chromosome.  Gene A separates from gene B 15% of the time and gene B separates from gene C 2% of the time. How far apart are genes A and C in gene map?
a)
2 map units
b)
15 map units
c)
17 map units
d)
30 map units
42.
Give the genotype for person II-1, for this autosomal trait.
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
we cannot be 100% sure of the genotype
43.
If this pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
d)
None of the above
44.

Huntington's Disease is a dominant trait.

What is the correct genotype for individual I-2?

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

hh

d)

H?

45.
Which of the following statements best describes what a Barr body is and its significance?
a)
it is an inactivated Y chromosome and results in a man being sterile
b)
It is an inactivated Y chromosome, and the person who has it appears female
c)
It is an inactivated X chromosome and results in females with half their cells have one X inactivated and in the other half of their cells have the other X inactivated
d)
it is an inactivated X chromosome and results in females who are sterile
46.

Suppose the cross-over percentages for three gene pairs are: A to B = 9.5%, B to C = 14.5%, and A to C = 5%. Which of the following sequences could represent the order of these genes on a chromosome?

a)

CAB

b)

ABC

c)

CBA

d)

ACB

47.
Australian Shepherds are a breed of dogs whose coat color is directly impacted by two different genes. The gene that determines basic coat color exhibits a dominant allele (B) for black coat color and a recessive allele (b) for red coat color. Additionally, these dogs can have a solid coat color (mm) or a mixed pattern coat color called merle (Mm). The homozygous dominant coat color is called a lethal white (MM) which produces pups that are deaf and blind. What is the probability that two red Australian shepherds will produce a black pup?
a)
0
b)
1/4
c)
1/2
d)
3/4
48.
In horses, the grey coat color (G) is dominant to non-grey coat color (g). Additionally, some horses have a genetic disorder called hyperkalemic periodic paralysis or HYPP. HYPP is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder that affects the sodium channels in muscle cells. HYPP (H) is dominant to the normal condition (h). If a non-grey, normal stallion sires a foal that is not grey and does not have HYPP, which of the following genotypes are possible genotypes for the mother?
a)
GGhh and ggHH
b)
ggHH and GgHh
c)
GGHH and GGHh
d)
GgHh and gghh
49.

The genotype of the affected son and daughter at the bottom of this pedigree must be...

a)

AA

b)

aa

c)

Aa

d)

XaY and XaXa

50.

What is the mode of inheritance shown here?

a)

Sex Linked Recessive

b)

Autosomal Dominant

c)

Autosomal Recessive

d)

Mitochondrial

e)

Maternal Imprinting

51.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
52.

In a cross between a pure red eyed female and a white eyed male, what would the genotypes of the parents be?

a)

XRXr with XR Y

b)

XRXr with Xr Y

c)

XRXR with XR Y

d)

XRXR with Xr Y

e)

XrXr with Xr Y

53.
Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. If the daughter of a couple is colorblind, what are the two possible genotypes of her mother?
a)
XAXA and XAXa
b)
XAXA and XaXa
c)
XAXa and XaXa
d)
Cannot be determined

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