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HBS Final Exam Review

Total questions: 88

Worksheet time: 22hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What part of the eye is this?
a)
sclera
b)
choroid
c)
retina
d)
ciliary body
2.
What part of the eye is this?
a)
cornea
b)
lens
c)
iris
d)
cilicary body
3.
What part of the eye is this?
a)
cornea
b)
sclera
c)
lens
d)
iris
4.
What part of the eye is this?
a)
iris
b)
lens
c)
cornea
d)
retina
5.
What part of the eye is this?
a)
retina
b)
optic nerve
c)
fovea centralis
d)
choroid
6.
What is the fluid in this portion of the eye called?
a)
aqeous humor
b)
otic humor
c)
vitreous humor
d)
oris humor
7.
What part of the eye is this?
a)
choroid 
b)
sclera 
c)
cornea
d)
retina
8.
What type of fluid is found in this portion of the eye?
a)
aqueous humor
b)
otic humor
c)
vitreous humor
d)
oris humor
9.
What part of the eye is the colored, muscular portion of the eye which controls pupil size?
a)
iris
b)
lens
c)
choroid
d)
ciliary body
10.
What part of the eye focuses light on the retina?
a)
lens
b)
retina
c)
pupil
d)
ciliary body
11.
Type of photoreceptor that is active in bright light and perceives color?
a)
fovea centralis
b)
cones
c)
rods
d)
optic disk
12.
What part of the eye is a clear protective structure that allows light to enter the eye?
a)
iris
b)
retina
c)
cornea
d)
choroid
13.
What part of the eye sends nerve impulses to the brain
a)
optic nerve
b)
iris
c)
cornea
d)
sclera
14.
Type of photoreceptor that functions in low light and creates shades of gray
a)
retina
b)
rod
c)
cone
d)
choroid
15.
What is the space inside the iris called?
a)
pupil
b)
ciliary body
c)
lens
d)
choroid
16.
Opens and closes to adjust the total amount of light entering the eye.
a)
Pupil
b)
Sclera
c)
Cornea
d)
Human lens
17.
The white portion of the eye (In Humans).
a)
Pupil
b)
Sclera
c)
Dyslexia
d)
Retina
18.
Cornea is abnormally curved, causes blurry vision because it is unable to focus.
a)
Temporarily Blind 
b)
Blindness
c)
Eye
d)
Astigmatism
19.
What is the innermost layer and most delicate layer of the eyeball where photoreceptors are located?
a)
Sclera
b)
Choroid
c)
Retina
d)
Cornea
20.
What light sensitive cells are stimulated in dim light?
a)
rods
b)
cones
21.

What is letter B

a)

Optic nerve

b)

Lens

c)

Cornea

d)

Retina

e)

Pupil

22.
What is letter E?
a)
Vitreous humor
b)
Retina
c)
Cornea
d)
Optic nerve
23.

What is letter G?

a)

Sclera

b)

Retina

c)

Lens

d)

Vitreous humor

e)

Pupil

24.

What is letter I?

a)

Cornea

b)

Lens

c)

Vitreous humor

d)

Optic nerve

e)

Pupil

25.
Nearsightedness is also known as ....
a)
Myopia
b)
Hyperpopia
c)
Presbyopia
d)
none of the above
26.
An increase in ocular pressure may develop into _________ for a patient. The patient may have mild visual disturbances and little to no pain.
a)
cataract
b)
glaucoma
c)
conjunctivitis
d)
astigmatism
27.
What is this picture an example of?
a)
Colorblindness
b)
Myopia
c)
Hyperopia
d)
Glaucoma
28.
What is this picture an example of?
a)
Age-related Macular Degeneration
b)
Cataracts
c)
Hyperopia
d)
Glaucoma
29.
What is this picture an example of?
a)
Cataracts
b)
Glaucoma
c)
Retinitis Pigmentoas
d)
Myopia
30.
Clouding, of the normally clear lens, in the eye.
a)
Alzheimer's disease
b)
Organ procurement
c)
Spina bifida
d)
Cataract
31.
Usually occurs after age 40 -Lens hardens, can’t focus on close objects 
a)
myopia
b)
hyperopia
c)
astigmatism
d)
presbyopia 
32.

ability to judge distance

a)

visual acuity

b)

farsighetness

c)

depth perception

d)

accommodation

33.

Curved piece of plastic or glass used to correct vision

a)

retina

b)

lens

c)

iris

d)

cornea

34.

Light passes through the following structures in which order?

a)

vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea

b)

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

c)

aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor color.

d)

cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor

35.

Where the optic nerve enters the eye

a)

Lens

b)

Retina

c)

Myopia

d)

Accommodation

e)

Blind Spot

36.

Which term best describes this definition:


A condition in which the visual images come to a focus in front of the retina of the eye because of defects in the refractive media of the eye or abnormal length of the eyeball resulting especially in defective vision of distant objects.

a)

optic nerve

b)

accommodation

c)

astigmatism

d)

myopia

37.

Enzymes are protein molecules so are made up of

a)

lipids

b)

amino acids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

sugar

38.

Enzyme activity can be altered or affected by several situations, this includes

a)

pH

b)

temperature

c)

both pH and temperature

d)

age

39.

Co enzymes are beneficial to our health, where do we get these from usually?

a)

food we eat

b)

injections

c)

we have to create them

d)

our GI tract creates them

40.

An example of a co enzyme is

a)

HIV

b)

amino acids

c)

Hep B

d)

vitamin B complex

41.

How do the enzymes know which substrates to interact with?

a)

there are specific enzymes that interact with specific substrates

b)

hormone signals

c)

electrical signals

d)

blood flow

42.

Which body system typically uses the most enzymes, and for what purpose?

a)

circulatory to pump blood

b)

digestive to break down food

c)

skeletal to make blood

d)

lymphatic to make leukocytes

43.

Enzymes typically end in ase and are named after the

a)

the person who identified them

b)

system they work in

c)

substrate - like lactose

d)

they are called just enzymes in general

44.

There are 2 different methods of reaction involving an enzyme and substrate, they are

a)

intake and output

b)

afferent and efferent

c)

lock and key and induced fit

d)

superior and inferior

45.

In which method does the substrate and enzyme fit perfectly

a)

efferent

b)

afferent

c)

induced fit

d)

lock and key

46.
The process by which the body breaks down food so that it can be used for energy.
a)
composition
b)
digestion
c)
deposition
d)
absorption
47.
The muscular organ in the body where chemical and mechanical digestion take place.
a)
pancreas
b)
liver
c)
stomach
d)
esophagus
48.
A long folded tube inside the body attached to the stomach where nutrients in the food are absorbed.
a)
large intestine
b)
small intestine
c)
esophagus
d)
rectum
49.
A muscular tube that helps move food from the mouth to the stomach.
a)
esophagus
b)
trachaea
c)
small intestine
d)
gall bladder
50.
Provides additional enzymes(pancreatic juice) to help nutrients get absorbed by the small intestine.
a)
liver
b)
kidneys
c)
gall bladder
d)
pancreas
51.
a)
pancreas
b)
esophagus
c)
stomach
d)
liver
52.
a)
stomach
b)
pancreas
c)
large intestine
d)
small intestine
53.
a)
large intestine
b)
small intestine
c)
rectum
d)
esophagus
54.

The involuntary movement that pushes food down from the mouth into the stomach and throughout the intestines.

a)

purging

b)

peristalsis

c)

platinum

d)

paralysis

55.
A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures.
a)
Macrophage
b)
Micromolecule
c)
Macroroni
d)
Macromolecule
56.
The process of making food absorb-able by mechanically and enzymatic-ally breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds in the alimentary canal.
a)
Digestion
b)
Metabolism
c)
Anabolism
d)
Catabolism
57.
A protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
a)
Energy Molecule
b)
Enzyme
c)
Synthesist
d)
Accelorator
58.
The stomach and intestine as a functional unit.
a)
Digestive Tract
b)
Gastric by-pass
c)
Gastrointestinal tract
d)
Gastric tract
59.
The more terminal division of the vertebrate intestine that is wider and shorter than the small intestine, typically divided into cecum, colon, and rectum, and concerned especially with the resorption of water and the formation of feces.
a)
Small intestine
b)
Duodenum
c)
Large intestine
d)
Colon
60.
The largest internal organ in the vertebrate body; performs diverse functions such as producing bile, preparing nitrogenous wastes for disposal, and detoxifying poisonous chemicals in the blood.
a)
Stomach
b)
Skin
c)
Lungs
d)
Liver
61.
A gland with dual functions: The non-endocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct; the endocrine portion secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood.
a)
Stomach
b)
Spleen
c)
Pancreas
d)
Kidney
62.
A salivary gland enzyme that hydrolyzes starch.
a)
Alpha amylase
b)
Salivary amylase
c)
Lipase
d)
Salivary Tryptase
63.
Exocrine glands associated with the oral cavity. The secretions of salivary glands contain substances to lubricate food, adhere together chewed pieces into a bolus, and begin the process of chemical digestion.
a)
Salivary glands
b)
Limic glands
c)
Lymph glands
d)
Bile glands
64.
The part of the intestine that lies between the stomach and colon, consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, secretes digestive enzymes, and is the chief site of the absorption of digested nutrients.
a)
Small intestine
b)
Duodenum
c)
Ascending colon
d)
Transverse colon
65.
A sac-like expansion of the alimentary canal of a vertebrate communicating anteriorly with the esophagus and posteriorly with the duodenum and being typically a simple often curved sac with an outer serous coat, a strong complex muscular wall that contracts rhythmically, and a mucous lining membrane that contains gastric glands.
a)
Stomach
b)
Liver
c)
Spleen
d)
Pancreas
66.

What happens in the stomach? (you can choose more than one answer)

a)

HCl provides enzmyes with optimum alkaline pH.

b)

HCl provides enzymes with optimum acidic pH.

c)

Pepsinogen breaks down proptein.

d)

Pepsin breaks down protein.

67.
The majority of digestion occurs in the:
a)
large intestine
b)
small intestine
c)
ulcer
d)
rectum
68.
Villi present in the small intestine are important because they create more ______ so that more digested food can be abosrbed into the blood stream.
a)
feces
b)
enzymes
c)
lipids
d)
surface area
69.
Excess water is re-absorbed from undigested food by this______
a)
large intestine
b)
small intestine
c)
appendix
d)
stomach 
70.

The main function of the stomach is to:

a)

Store food

b)

Produce hydrochloric acid

c)

Break down food

d)

All the above

71.

Mechanical and chemical digestion begins where?

a)

Mouth

b)

Stomach

c)

Pancreas

d)

Gallbladder

72.

True or False: In the stomach, food is squeezed and mashed. The food changes into a thick liquid called chyme.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

_____________ along the length of the esophagus contract to push the bolus along .

a)

Blood vessels

b)

Capillaries

c)

Muscles

d)

Cells

74.
How do we know when we are hungry
a)
Nerves in the stomach signal the brain that we are hungry
b)
Our stomach expands from lack of food
c)
Gherlin activates specific neurons in the brain
d)
Insulin is released from the pancreas
75.
The mouth contains salivary glands which produce
a)
polysaccharides
b)
amylases
c)
proteases
d)
lipases
76.
Protein digestion begins in the
a)
mouth
b)
esophagus
c)
stomach
d)
liver
77.
Pepsin is an enzyme that acts on
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
78.
Digestion is COMPLETED in the
a)
stomach
b)
liver
c)
small intestine
d)
large intestine
79.
Which enzyme below is involved in the following chemical digestion process?
FATS---->FATTY ACIDS/GLYCEROL
a)
Lipase
b)
Trypsin
c)
Amylase
d)
Pepsin
80.
Which enzyme below is involved in the following chemical digestion process?
PROTEINS---->POLYPEPTIDES
a)
Lipase
b)
Amylase
c)
Pepsin
d)
Maltase
81.
Region where chyme enters the small intestine is known as ______________.
a)
colon
b)
ileum
c)
jejunum
d)
duodenum
82.
Which substance breaks up large fat droplets into tiny fat droplets?
a)
bile
b)
lipase
c)
pancreatic juice
d)
intestinal juice
83.
How much nutrient absorption occurs in the stomach?
a)
None
b)
Some
c)
Most
84.
Functions to make food in the stomach acidic and activates pepsin
a)
Mucus
b)
Hydrochloric Acid
c)
Bile
d)
Pepsin
85.
Which of the following does not take place in the oral cavity?
a)
absorption
b)
mechanical breakdown
c)
chemical breakdown
d)
peristalsis
86.
What macromolecule is chemically digested here?
a)
carbs
b)
fats
c)
proteins
d)
all macromolecules
87.
This region of the colon would be called....
a)
ascending
b)
transverse
c)
descending
d)
sigmoid
88.

The hormone _________, produced in the stomach, stimulates gastric glands to secrete gastric juices (chemicals, enzymes, and other hormones).

a)

gastrin

b)

secretin

c)

cholecystokinin

d)

gastric inhibitory peptide

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