wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

Calcium and Magnesium

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Calcium is the _ most common element

a)

3rd

b)

4th

c)

5th

d)

6th

2.

It is the most prevalent cation in the body

a)

Calcium

b)

Magnesium

c)

Bicarbonate

d)

6th

3.

Calcium in blood is only _ of the total calcium in the body.

a)

0.5%

b)

1.0%

c)

1.5%

d)

11%

4.

_ of calcium is found in the bone.

a)

55%

b)

66%

c)

77%

d)

88%

e)

99%

5.

Which of the following are the functions of Calcium?

a)

Bone mineralization

b)

Blood coagulation

c)

Neural transmission and Hormonal secretion

d)

Muscle contraction

e)

Cardiac contractility and conduction

6.

Of this 1% Calcium in the blood it has three forms:

- 40% as ionized Ca+ or the free form of calcium

- 45% bound to protein (albumin)

- 15% bound to anions (Citrate, HCO3-, Lactate)

a)

True

b)

False

7.

The form of calcium that is detected by the glands is the?

a)

Ionized Ca+

b)

Ca+ bound to protein (albumin)

c)

Ca+ bound to anions

d)

Ca+ in bones

8.

When there is a low concentration of calcium in the blood, this would trigger the release of what hormone?

a)

Parathyroid hormone

b)

Growth Hormone

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Antidiuretic hormone

9.

The parathyroid hormone will act on what organ/s to increase calcium absorption?

a)

Bone

b)

Kidneys

c)

Brain

d)

Pituitary gland

10.

In the bone, it promotes bone resorption while in the kidneys, it promotes tubular reabsorption of calcium; therefore, leading to an increase in the calcium levels.

a)

First: True

Second: False

b)

First: False

Second: True

c)

Both True

d)

Both False

11.

Vitamin D is obtained from sunlight in the form of 8-dehydro-cholesterol.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

7-dehydro-cholesterol will be converted into Pre-vitamin D3 and then into vitamin D and then this Vitamin D will be hydroxylated by the 25-hydroxylase enzyme from the liver into 25- hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D).

a)

True

b)

False

13.

This 25-OH-D would be hydroxylated by 1α-hydroxylase into 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-(OH)2-D which is the active form of vitamin D.

a)

True

b)

False

14.

This 1αhydroxylase is being influenced by the release of the parathyroid hormone. So, when parathyroid hormone is released, this would activate the kidneys to secrete 1αhydroxylase to convert the inactive form of vitamin D (25-OH-D) into its active form which is 1,25-(OH)2-D. And this is the one (1,25-(OH)2-D) responsible for the absorption of calcium ions in the kidneys and in the intestines.

a)

True

b)

False

15.

Calcitonin: Is inhibitory to PTH and Vitamin C

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Hormone responsible for decreasing calcium levels

a)

Growth Hormone

b)

Parathyroid Hormone

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Calcitonin

e)

Luteinizing Hormone

17.

When there is an increase in the ionized calcium levels, this would trigger the release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland and will have the following actions: there will be a increase in intestinal absorption of calcium ions, there will be a increase in bone resorption and on the kidneys, there will be increase in calcium reabsorption. So, the total effect of calcitonin is to have a increase in calcium levels.

a)

First: True

Second: False

b)

First: False

Second: True

c)

Both True

d)

Both False

18.

Calcium is regulated by three substance/hormones, namely, parathyroid hormone, vitamin C, and aldosterone.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

The form of calcium that is measured is total calcium and the ionized form of calcium.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Colorimetric Method: Calcium binds with the reagent or the dye to form the colored complex (AR complex) and this will be the one that is measured spectrophotometrically and a decrease in the absorbance is directly proportional with the ion concentration.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

The dye used in the experiment is?

(a)  

22.

8-Hydroxyquinoline is used to prevent or remove any interference from (a)   ions.

23.

Another dye for the experiment that can be used is?

(a)  

24.

What is the reference method of Total Calcium Determination?

(a)  

25.

In Ion Selective Electrode, within the electrode there are membranes inside incorporated with Copper chloride which selectively binds to calcium ions. An electron potential will develop inside which is inversely proportional to calcium ions.

a)

First: True

Second: False

b)

First: False

Second: True

c)

Both True

d)

Both False

26.

Which of the following are the content of your Calcium Reagent Kit:

a)

8-Hydroxyquinoline

b)

O-cresolphthalein complexone

c)

Hydrochloric acid

d)

Sodium azide

e)

Lysine buffer

27.

What is the pH of Lysine buffer in Total Calcium Determination?

a)

9.1

b)

6.1

c)

11.1

d)

4.1

28.

In Total Calcium Determination, Sodium azide acts as your?

a)

Stabilizer

b)

Potentiatior

c)

Standard

d)

Buffer

29.

In Total Calcium Determination the preferred sample is/are?

a)

Serum

b)

Heparinized plasma

c)

CSF

d)

Hemolyzed sample

e)

EDTA

30.

Relationship of Calcium to EDTA and Oxalate

a)

Falsely Increase

b)

Falsely Decreased

c)

NOTA

d)

Insufficient information

31.

In Ionized Calcium Determination, samples must be collected anaerobically?

a)

True

b)

False

32.

In Ionized Calcium Determination, Serum collected in sealed evacuated blood tubes at freezing temperature.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

What blank was used in Calcium Determination?

a)

Reagent Blank

b)

Air Blank

c)

Water Blank

d)

Serum Blank

34.

What is the volume of the Standard, Control Normal, Control Pathologic, and Unknown in Calcium Determination.

a)

0.02 mL

b)

0.01mL

c)

0.2 mL

d)

0.1 mL

35.

What is the volume of working reagent used in Calcium Determination?

a)

1.0 mL

b)

10.0 mL

c)

2.0 mL

d)

0.5 mL

36.

In Calcium determination, what the suitable time frame in reading the absorbance of the sample and standard against the reagent blank?

a)

5 to 20 mins

b)

5 to 50 mins

c)

5 to 15 mins

d)

5 to 30 mins

37.

In Calcium determination, what the suitable time frame in reading the absorbance of the sample and standard against the reagent blank?

a)

5 to 20 mins

b)

5 to 50 mins

c)

5 to 15 mins

d)

5 to 30 mins

38.

In Calcium Determination, the absorbance of the sample will be divided by the absorbance in the standard, and the quotient will be multiplied by the concentration of the standard.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

In Calcium Determination, the conversion factor: multiply 0.25 by mg/dL = mmol/L

a)

True

b)

False

40.

The reference range of Children <12 years for Total Calcium in serum and plasma

a)

2.20-2.70 mmol/L (8.8 - 10.8 mg/dL)

b)

2.15-2.50 mmol/L (8.6 - 10.0 mg/dL)

c)

1.20–1.38 mmol/L (4.8 – 5.5 mg/dL)

d)

1.16–1.32 mmol/L (4.6–5.3 mg/dL)

41.

The reference range of Adults for Total Calcium in serum and plasma

a)

2.20-2.70 mmol/L (8.8 - 10.8 mg/dL)

b)

2.15-2.50 mmol/L (8.6 - 10.0 mg/dL)

c)

1.20–1.38 mmol/L (4.8 – 5.5 mg/dL)

d)

1.16–1.32 mmol/L (4.6–5.3 mg/dL)

42.

The reference range of Adults for Ionized Calcium in serum

a)

2.20-2.70 mmol/L (8.8 - 10.8 mg/dL)

b)

2.15-2.50 mmol/L (8.6 - 10.0 mg/dL)

c)

1.20–1.38 mmol/L (4.8 – 5.5 mg/dL)

d)

1.16–1.32 mmol/L (4.6–5.3 mg/dL)

43.

The reference range of Children for Ionized Calcium in serum

a)

2.20-2.70 mmol/L (8.8 - 10.8 mg/dL)

b)

2.15-2.50 mmol/L (8.6 - 10.0 mg/dL)

c)

1.20–1.38 mmol/L (4.8 – 5.5 mg/dL)

d)

1.16–1.32 mmol/L (4.6–5.3 mg/dL)

44.

The reference range of Adult for Ionized Calcium in plasma

a)

1.03 – 1.23 mmol/L (4.1 – 4.9 mg/dL)

b)

1.15 – 1.27 mmol/L (4.6 – 5.1 mg/dL)

c)

1.20–1.38 mmol/L (4.8 – 5.5 mg/dL)

d)

1.16–1.32 mmol/L (4.6–5.3 mg/dL)

45.

What is the reference range for Total Calcium in urine 24h

a)

2.50-7.50 mmol/day (100-300 mg/day)

b)

5-10 mmol/day

(200-400 mg/day)

c)

7.50-15.0 mmol/day (300-600 mg/day)

d)

0-10.0 mmol/day (0-400 mg/day)

46.

Hypercalcemia is primarily caused hypoparathyroidism

a)

True

b)

False

47.

In hyperthyroidism, an increase in the activity of the thyroid gland will also lead to an increase in the activity of the parathyroid gland

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Benign familial hypocalciuria

a)

Falsely Increased Calcium Levels

b)

Falsely Decreased Calcium Levels

49.

In Malignancy (PTH-rp), the tumor cells will secrete parathyroid hormone-related peptide which acts like a parathyroid hormone which will lead to hypocalcemia

a)

True

b)

False

50.

In Multiple Myeloma, there is a decrease in bone resorption.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Increased vitamin D will lead to more absorption of calcium ions.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

Thiazide diuretics will lead to increase in tubular reabsorption of calcium

a)

True

b)

False

53.

Prolonged immobilization is one of the causes of hypocalcemia?

a)

True

b)

False

54.

All are causes of hypocalcemia except:

a)

Primary Hypoparathyroidism

b)

Acute Pancreatitis

c)

Renal Diseases

d)

Rhabdomyolysis

e)

Malignancy (PTH-rp)

55.

In primary hypoparathyroidism, a decrease in parathyroid hormone will lead to decreased absorption of calcium ions.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

In hypoalbuminemia, the decrease of albumin levels will lead to increase in calcium ions

a)

True

b)

False

57.

In acute pancreatitis, There is an increase in the levels of the lipase, and lipase releases more free fatty acids, and when there are more free fatty acids released in the circulation, this will bind the calcium ions in the circulation, therefore leading to hypercalcemia

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Vitamin D deficiency will lead to a decrease in the absorption of calcium ions.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

In renal disease, there will be an active form of vitamin D that will be formed therefore leading to hypocalcemia.

a)

True

b)

False

60.

In rhabdomyolysis, there will be an increase in the release of phosphate in the cells which will bind the calcium ions in circulation, therefore leading to hypocalcemia

a)

True

b)

False

61.

In Pseudohypoparathyroidism, there is an end organ resistance. So, the target tissues do not respond to the actions of PTH

a)

True

b)

False

62.

It is the 4th most abundant cation in the body

a)

Magnesium

b)

Calcium

c)

Phosphate

d)

Bicarbonate

63.

2nd most abundant intracellular ion

a)

Magnesium

b)

Calcium

c)

Phosphate

d)

Bicarbonate

64.

All of the following are functions of Magnesium.

a)

Cofactor of Cellular Enzymes and DNA replication and transcription

b)

Cellular Energy Metabolism

c)

Membrane Stabilization

d)

Ion Transport

e)

Nerve Conduction

65.

Which are correctly matched in the distribution of magnesium?

a)

53% - bone

b)

46% - muscle, other organs, and soft tissues

c)

<1% - serum, RBCs

d)

1/3 of the <1% is bound to proteins (albumin)

e)

2/3 of the <1% is 61% ionized state and 5% is complexed to other ions (PO4- and citrate)

66.

What organ is responsible for the overall regulation of Magnesium? (reabsorption and excretion)

a)

Kdineys

b)

Intestines

c)

Lungs

d)

Bones

67.

Aldosterone and Thyroxine decrease renal excretion of Mg++

a)

True

b)

False

68.

PTH increases renal and intestinal Mg++ reabsorption

a)

True

b)

False

69.

In renal absorption: Which of the following is correct?

a)

25-50% in PCT - Proximal Convoluted Tubule

b)

50-60% in Ascending limb

c)

2-5% in DCT - Distal Convoluted Tubule

d)

Majority are absorbed in the ascending limb

70.

In Magnesium Determination, the forms of magnesium that are measured are total form of magnesium and ionized form of magnesium

a)

True

b)

False

71.

In Calmagite Method, the Magnesium ions will bind with the dye to form a red-violet colored complex.

a)

True

b)

False

72.

In Calmagite Method, the absorbance is read at 532 nm

a)

True

b)

False

73.

In Formazan Dye, the absorbance is read at 660 nm

a)

True

b)

False

74.

The Methylthymol blue or Magon or Xylidyl blue is the one being used in the experiment in the laboratory manual?

a)

True

b)

False

75.

The reference method for total magnesium determination?

a)

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

b)

Ion Selective Electrode

c)

Calmagite Method

d)

Formazan Dye

76.

What is the content of the Magnesium Reagent Kit?

a)

Potassium carbonate

b)

GEDTA

c)

Xylidyl blue

d)

Activators

77.

In Magnesium Reagent Kit, GEDTA removes any interferences from the calcium ions?

a)

True

b)

False

78.

What is the buffer and stabilizer used in Magnesium determination?

a)

TRIS buffer

b)

Sodium azide

c)

Magnesium

d)

Lysine buffer

79.

What is the PH of TRIS buffer?

a)

11.0

b)

10.0

c)

10.5

d)

11.5

80.

Anti-coagulant such as EDTA, oxalate and citrate are recommended because this will bind magnesium ions therefore leading to normal ion concentration

a)

True

b)

False

81.

The preferred sample for Magnesium Determination is?

a)

Hemolyzed serum

b)

Lithium heparin plasma

c)

EDTA plasma

d)

Oxalate plasma

e)

Citrate plasma

82.

24 hour urine is preferred because of diurnal variation?

a)

True

b)

False

83.

In Magnesium Determination, the volume of each sample used is?

a)

0.01 mL

b)

0.02 mL

c)

0.1 mL

d)

0.2 mL

84.

In Magnesium Determination, measure the absorbance of the sample and the standard against the reagent blank within 60 minutes

a)

True

b)

False

85.

In Magnesium Determination, the conversion factor is multiplying 0.5 by mEqL = mmol/L

a)

True

b)

False

86.

In Magnesium Determination, the reference range for serum is?

a)

0.63-1.0mmol/L

b)

0.8-1.2mmol/L

c)

0.55-1.1mmol/L

d)

0.7-1.4mmol/L

87.

In Magnesium Determination, the reference range for serum is?

a)

1.26 – 2.10 mEq/L

b)

1.5 – 2.0 mEq/L

c)

1.42 – 2.08 mEq/L

d)

1.0– 1.8 mEq/L

88.

All of the following are causes of Hypermagnesemia except:

a)

Decreased excretion

b)

Increased intake of antacids, enemas, cathartics, therapeutics

c)

Excess lactation

d)

Dehydration

e)

Bone carcinoma

89.

Thyroxine and aldosterone increases the renal excretion of magnesium ions. So, when there is a decrease in these hormones this will lead to a decrease of the excretion of magnesium ions therefore leading to hypermagnesemia.

a)

True

b)

False

90.

All of the following are causes of Hypomagnesemia except:

a)

Reduced Intake

b)

Decrease absorption

c)

Increased excretion

d)

Pregnancy

e)

Dehydration

Similar Resources on Wayground

NUR221 Pathophysiology Exam #2

91 questions

NUR221 Pathophysiology Exam #2

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

Med Surg Unit 1-5 Review Questions (#1)

89 questions

Med Surg Unit 1-5 Review Questions (#1)

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

Ch 14/15 Quiz: Spinal, Peripheral, Autonomic

88 questions

Ch 14/15 Quiz: Spinal, Peripheral, Autonomic

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

BB PREFINAL EXAM

93 questions

BB PREFINAL EXAM

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

Medical Terminology Unit 2 Review

95 questions

Medical Terminology Unit 2 Review

quiz

Worksheet

•

10th Grade - University

Intro to Animal Science Final Review - MJC

90 questions

Intro to Animal Science Final Review - MJC

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

Nervous System and the Brain

91 questions

Nervous System and the Brain

quiz

Worksheet

•

8th Grade - University

Try Out Prodi 1

90 questions

Try Out Prodi 1

quiz

Worksheet

•

University