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Bacteria

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who determined that there should be 3 lineages or domains based upon differences in cell structure and function?

a)

Pasteur

b)

Woese

c)

Koch

d)

Petri

2.

True or False Bacteria were the first inhabitants on earth.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

True or False There are only a few number of bacteria on /in your body depending on the level of cleanliness the organism keeps.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

State what is true about microbial mats.

a)

multilayered shee of prokaryotes

b)

mostly grow where different types of materials interface including moist surfaces

c)

held together by extracellular matrix

d)

some are photosynthetic and volcanic vents

5.

What are these?

a)

microbial mats

b)

stromatolites

c)

fossil records of viruses

d)

acidophiles

6.

True or False Even though stromatolites are fossil records, they are still forming.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

_______________ are autotrophs that convert solar energy into chemical energy

a)

phototrophs

b)

chemotrophs

c)

acidophiles

d)

thermophiles

8.

A pH of 3 or below makes the bacteria that live in these environments called

a)

acidophiles

b)

alkaliphiles

c)

thermophiles

d)

hyperthermophile

9.

What are psychrophiles?

a)

live in cold temps

b)

live in warm temps

c)

live in acidic environments

d)

live in high sugar concentration

10.

Halophiles like

a)

heat

b)

sugar

c)

cold temps

d)

salt

11.

Only about 10 % of archaeans can grow in the lab.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

What are three shapes of a bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

spiral

c)

bacillus or rod shaped

d)

icosahedral

13.

Gram + bacteria have a thicker cell wall. True or False

a)

True

b)

False

14.

_________________ was the scientist who determined there should be 3 lineages/domains based upon differences rRNA and cell membrane strucutre.

a)

Woese

b)

Darwin

c)

Craig

d)

Linnaeus

15.

Bacteria

a)

first inhabitants of the earth

b)

evolved 3.5-3.8 billion years ago

c)

may have been a result of endosymbiont hypothesis and or extra terrestrial origin

d)

evolved from viruses

16.

Click all of the true statements that apply to bacteria.

a)

prokaryotic cells outnumber human body cells

b)

have the ability to recycle nutrients

c)

first ones were adapted to high temps, radiation, and withstand harsh conditions

d)

existed billions of years before plants and animals

17.

What are microbial mats?

a)

they are a few centimeters thick in size.

b)

mostly grow where different types of materials interface including moist surfaces

c)

carry out different metabolic pathways and are different colors because of this

d)

probably obtained there energy from chemicals found near hydrothermal vents

18.

Stromatolites

a)

are sedimentary structures formed when minerals are precipitated out of water by prokaryotes in a microbial mat

b)

form layered rocks mad of carbonate or silicate

c)

are artifacts from the past and are still forming

d)

some occur right here in Bluffton

19.

Cyanobacteria

a)

are otherwise called blue-green algae

b)

began the oxygenation of the atmosphere

c)

developed the ozone

d)

can be infective in some aquatic organisms

20.

Extremophiles

a)

live in extreme environments

b)

live in areas around BHS

c)

include the corona virus

d)

live in the intestines of animals

21.

Acidophiles

a)

like a pH of 3 or below

b)

like a pH of above 7

c)

like a pH of 10 or above

d)

like neutral environments

22.

The Dead Sea

a)

occur between Jordan and Israel

b)

have microbes that live in a hypersaline envrionment

c)

include bacteria such as Halobacterium

d)

nothing lives there- hence the name

23.

Hyperthermophiles

a)

like low temps- below 0 degrees

b)

like high temps- 80-122 degrees

c)

like high sugar content

d)

like a high salt content

24.

Osmophiles

a)

like high temps

b)

like low temps

c)

like high sugar content

d)

like low pH

25.

What's the deal with viable-but-nonculturable bacteria?

a)

once cultured bacteria becomes unculturable

b)

causes include stressful conditions for the bacteria

c)

bacteria that just won't grow on nutrient agar

d)

bacteria that have been killed as a result of antibiotics

26.

Bacteria include three shapes. What are they

a)

rectangular

b)

circular

c)

rod

d)

spiral

27.

Biofilms are

a)

a microbial community held together by polysaccharides secreted by the organisms

b)

grow attached to surfaces

c)

one of the causes to the clogging of pipes, sinks, and scum on your teeth

d)

more robust than free-living prokaryotes

28.

Which of these terms does not go with the correct function

a)

flagella- movement

b)

pili- attachment

c)

plasmids- DNA used for every day functions

d)

cell wall- makes proteins for the cell membrane

29.

Reproduction in bacteria

a)

usually asexually by a process called binary fission

b)

happens as a result of meiosis/mitosis

c)

happens when chromosomes get duplicated and cell pinches together

d)

can be very rapid in reproducing

30.

Transformation in bacteria happens

a)

when prokaryotes take in DNA found in its environment that is shed by other prokaryotes

b)

by moving short pieces of chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another

c)

by transferring DNA by means of a pili

31.

Metabolism in bacteria- what is true about them?

a)

a metabolically diverse group and can produce the nutrients needed for life

b)

may need macronutrients need in large amounts which include CHONPS

c)

may need micronutrients such as B, Cr, and Mn

d)

can use sunlight or chemicals

32.

Bacteria can be used in the carbon cycle for

a)

decomposers to obtain nutrients in plants and animals

b)

release CO2 into the atmosphere due to microbial decomposition

c)

uses the process of ammonification

d)

uses the process of nitrification

33.

The nitrogen cycle

a)

provides nitrogen from recycled organic compounds such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite

b)

produce methane gas

c)

uses a process of denitrification, nitrification, and ammonification

d)

takes nitrogen gases into the soil by a process of nitrogen fixation

34.

Pandemics are

a)

worldwide epidemics

b)

disease that is constantly present

c)

disease that is constantly present but usually at low incidence in a population

d)

state to state epidemic

35.

The Bubonic Plague

a)

is sometimes called the Black Death

b)

originated in China and spread along Silk road

c)

carried by rat fleas living on black rats

d)

responds to antibiotics so mortality rates are low

36.

Emerging diseases

a)

one that has appeared in a population for the first time

b)

one that has appeared in a population for the first time or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence

c)

mostly zoonotic (nonhuman to human)

d)

include dengue fever and diphtheria

37.

What % of antibiotics are fed to animals?

a)

10

b)

20

c)

50

d)

70

38.

Prokaryotes are beneficial in what way?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

used biotechnology

c)

used in bioremediation

d)

used to make foods

39.

Which of the following is true for both bacteria and viruses?

a)

both contain genetic material

b)

can be killed using antibiotics

c)

have a cell membrane

d)

have a protein coat

40.

The use of what modern technology has caused the rise in resistant bacteria

a)

vaccines

b)

antibiotics

c)

fertilizers

d)

solar panels

41.

Which of the following is a risk of overusing antibiotics to treat infections?

a)

Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.

b)

Antibiotics increase the rate of infection.

c)

Antibiotics cause other diseases to develop.

d)

Antibiotics only work once.

42.

Which of the following is true?

a)

Viruses and bacteria are both prokaryotes.

b)

Bacteria are eukaryotes and viruses are prokaryotes.

c)

Some bacteria are prokaryotes and some are eukaryotes.

d)

All bacteria are prokaryotes.

43.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
44.
A piece of refrigerated, cooked meat will remain safe to eat for a longer period of time than a refrigerated piece of raw meat of similar size. Which statement is a valid inference based on this information?
a)
Cooking meat kills many bacteria and fungi.
b)
Cool temperatures stimulate the growth of microbes on raw meat.
c)
Raw meat cannot be preserved.
d)
Cooked meat contains antibodies that destroy decomposers.
45.
Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they
a)
are involved in photosynthesis
b)
recycle organic matter
c)
absorb solar energy
d)
slow the spread of disease
46.
The graph represents the results of an investigation of the growth of three identical bacterial cultures incubated at different temperatures. Which inference can be made from this graph?
a)
Temperature is unrelated to the reproductive rate of bacteria
b)
Bacteria cannot grow at a temperature of 5°C.
c)
Life activities in bacteria slow down at high temperatures.
d)
Refrigeration will most likely slow the growth of these bacteria.
47.
How did the plague impact Europe?
a)
People started to question the church
b)
1/3 of the population died
c)
It contributed to the decline of feudalism
d)
All are correct
48.
 This famous children's nursery rhyme was about the Black Death. CREEPY!
a)
London Bridge 
b)
Red Rover Red Rover
c)
Rain Rain Go Away
d)
Ring Around The Rosie 
49.

The Black Plague was thought to be brought to Western Europe through the —

a)

trade routes

b)

Crusades

c)

Mongol invasions

d)

Viking raids

50.

Bacterial diseases were thought of being a spiritual punishment- TRUE OR FALSE

a)

True

b)

False

51.

An unusually high number of individuals in a population that have a disease at the same time is called

a)

epidemic

b)

pandemic

c)

endemic

52.

A world wide epidemic is called

a)

pandemic

b)

endemic

c)

epidemic

53.

A disease that is constantly present, usually at a low incidence in a population is callled

a)

pandemic

b)

epidemic

c)

endemic

54.

Archaeans gave rise to eukaryotic cells. True or False

a)

True

b)

False

55.

How can you classify bacteria. Check all that apply

a)

amino acid sequence

b)

whole genome sequencing

c)

percent guanine- cytosine content

d)

taste and smell

56.

Check which of the following are true statements.

a)

Proteobacteria can be divided into groups ranging from alpha to epsilon groups.

b)

Most bacteria have yet been discovered

c)

There are only a small handful (100- 1000) yet to be identified

d)

Less than 1% of bacteria are beneficial

57.

Rhizobium (found in soil) and Rickettsia (causes typhus and RMSF) are part of what group?

a)

Proteobacteria

b)

Gram +

c)

Spirochetes

d)

photosynthetic

58.

E. coli, salmonella, and cholera are part of what group of bacteria?

a)

proteobacteria

b)

chlamydias

c)

Gram +

d)

spirochetes

59.

State which of the following is true about the group Chlamydias

a)

all members are obligate intracellular parasites

b)

common sexually transmitted disease

c)

may cause blindness

d)

appear pink under the microscope

60.

Spriochetes are

a)

spiral shaped

b)

can be free living and parasites

c)

causes syphlis

d)

causes lyme disease

e)

causes chlamydia

61.

Cyanobacteria are

a)

blue green algae

b)

can and do produce much of the earth's oxygen

c)

most abundant photosynthetic organism on earth

d)

found on land and water environments

e)

can cause many diseases including syphilis and chlamydia

62.

Gram + bacteria include

a)

Clostridium botulinum

b)

causes of anthrax

c)

typhus

d)

causes of chlamydia

63.

Gram + bacteria have a thin cell wall and appear blue under the microscope.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Gram - bacteria are red or pink and have a thin cell wall.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

What "extra" structures can bacteria have that are not necessary for life?

a)

capsule

b)

cell membrane

c)

cell wall

d)

flagella

66.

What "extra" structures can bacteria have that are not necessary for life?

a)

pili

b)

flagella (I know is on here twice)

c)

ribosomes

d)

flagella

67.

If an organism obtains energy from the sun, they are called

a)

photoautotrophs

b)

chemolithoautotrophs

c)

photoheterotrophs

d)

chemoheterotroph

68.

If an organism obtains energy from oxidizing inorganic substances, they are called

a)

photoautroph

b)

chemolithotroph

c)

photoheterotroph

d)

chemoheterotroph

69.

Humans and some bacteria are called these because they obtain both carbon atoms and energy from organic molecules

a)

chemoheterotroph

b)

photoheterotroph

c)

chemolithotrophs

d)

photoautotrophs

70.

The type of horizontal gene transfer where cell to cell contact is required or the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.

a)

conjugation

b)

transduction

c)

transformation

71.

The idea that DNA that is released from a dead cell and is picked up by another bacteria is called

a)

transduction

b)

conjugation

c)

transformation

72.

The type of lateral gene transfer where a bacteriophage injects DNA into the cell that contains a small fragment of DNA from a different prokaryote is called

a)

transduction

b)

transformation

c)

conjugation

73.

Bacteria can be responsible for

a)

bioremediation

b)

beer/wine

c)

yogurt

d)

cheeses

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