1. Chemical bonds lock directly into the tooth and bond the restoration to tooth.

2. Mechanical bonds are reactions between the bonding liquid and resin or amalgam material you are using

1. When a resin bonding agent or primer is flowed over the etched surface, it penetrates into the microscopic pores. When it hardens (cures or polymerizes), it creates projections called resin tags that lock into the tooth, creating a mechanical bond called micromechanical retention.

2. The resin bonding agent will then chemically bond to other resins placed over it, such as composite resin. The chemical bond, called a primary bond, is a true adhesion between atoms or molecules of the composite resin and the bonding resin.

Acid etching of enamel _______ its ability to be wetted by a resin bonding agent, resulting in a stronger bond.

Etching of enamel removes a small portion of the surface, reduces the ends of the enamel rods, and opens porosities between adjacent rods.

The enamel of permanent teeth is usually etched for _______ seconds with 37% phosphoric acid.

Primary teeth should be etched for longer periods ____ seconds because the surface of the enamel is more resistant.

Because dentin is not as highly mineralized as enamel, it should be etched for shorter periods, typically for ___ seconds.

Overetching dentin can result in a ______ bond and in post-treatment sensitivity.

1. Bonding resins can be viewed as 2 components. The 1st is a resin ______that penetrates etched dentin and enamel and lays down a resin layer.

2. The second component is an _____ resin that

is applied over the primer.

The most commonly used mode of curing is a _____ cure process that uses a light in the blue wave range to activate a chemical that reacts with an initiator to set off the polymerization reaction.

1. A self-cure process is when a chemical reaction occurs when two resins are mixed together.

2. A dual-cure process is when a combination of self-cure and light-cure. Dual-cured resins can be activated by light or can cure chemically without application of the curing light.

Select the causes of microleakage.

The goal of polishing restorations and other appliances is to

1. remove excess material

2. smooth roughened surfaces

3. provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance

cutting or scratching material with a sharp agent

reducing excess material to develop occlusion and contour

producing a shiny surface and luster

Before prophy paste is applied to any tooth or restorative structure, the clinician must first evaluate the:

1. Composite resins are composed mainly of an organic resin matrix & inorganic filler particles joined together by a silane coupling agent that sticks (adheres) the particles to the matrix.

2. Also added, are initiators and accelerators that cause the material to set and pigments that give color to the material and match tooth colors.

The most commonly used resin for the matrix of composites is:

The most commonly used material for inorganic resins is:

Select the causes of wear for a composite.

The _____ the filler content, the stronger and more wear resistant the restoration will be and the less it will shrink when polymerized.

Composites are more durable and leak less if they have a ______ filler volume.

Largest filler particles

-best for class 5 abfractions

-they are very smooth

-found in glass ionomers

They are useful as liners, used on anterior teeth.

Sealants are an example.

Highly viscous, and they are used for class I and II restorations of posterior teeth, because they are stronger and more wear resistant.

Heavily filled composites used in badly broken-down teeth needing crowns.

They replace missing tooth structure lost from dental caries or tooth fracture.

The depth of the light cure is __mm.

Glass ionomers wear faster than composite resins. Their surface gets rougher over time.

1. The most commonly used ceramic is ________. It is mostly used on the anterior teeth.

2. The strongest ceramic used is ________. It is mostly used on the posterior teeth.

Select the advantages of veneers.

Select the disadvantages of veneers.

1. The advantages of porcelain fused to metal are that they are good insulators & stronger against wear and tear.

2. The disadvantages of porcelain fused to metal are metal margins show (not good aesthetics), & metal allergies.

1. _____ within the tooth, does not include the cusps (valley of the tooth)

2. _____ extracoronal, includes the cusps (hills of the tooth)