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topic 9 ,10, &14 Exam Review

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is weathering?

a)

occurs when the eroded materials are dropped or laid down

b)

fragments of weathering rocks

c)

the process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical and chemical process

d)

the process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transport weathered materials from one location to another

2.

What is sediment?

a)

occurs when the eroded materials are dropped or laid down

b)

fragments of weathering rocks

c)

the process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical and chemical process

d)

the process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transport weathered materials from one location to another

3.

In the pictures below, choose each picture that shows different types of physical weathering.

a)
b)
c)
d)
4.

In the pictures below, choose a picture that shows physical weathering of rock that has abrasion caused by wind.

a)
b)
c)
d)
5.

In the pictures below, choose a picture that shows chemical weathering of rock.

a)
b)
c)
d)
6.

Which picture shows an animal causing physical weathering?

a)
b)
c)
d)
7.

What type of chemical weathering is in the picture shown?

a)

oxidation

b)

mosses and lichens

c)

acid precipitation

8.

What are the two types of weathering?

a)

oxidation and abrasion

b)

physical and chemical weathering

c)

animals burrowing and plant roots breaking apart rocks

9.

The geological process when rocks or sediments move or are transported from one place to another is:

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

10.

What are glaciers?

a)

They are winding rivers that carry sediment to a delta

b)

They are waves that constantly crash against the shoreline.

c)

are huge masses of ice that move slowly over land.

d)

They are sand dunes that form from wind depositing sediments.

11.

This plant's roots have grown into gaps in the rock - forcing the rock to break apart. What type of weathering has occurred?

a)

chemical weathering

b)

physical weathering

12.

Which picture represents a glacier eroding a valley?

a)
b)
c)
d)
13.

Which picture represents water eroding sediment?

a)
b)
c)
d)
14.

1. What happens to the sediment when a river slows down at a curve?

a)

the river picks up larger pieces of sediment

b)

the river loses energy and drops sediment

c)

the river gains energy and picks up large boulders

d)

the river stops all erosion at this point

15.

What is erosion?

a)

When sediment is transported from one place to another

b)

When eroded materials are dropped or laid down.

c)

when sediment or rocks are broken down

d)

when rocks react with oxygen and water

16.

What is deposition?

a)

When sediment is transported from one place to another

b)

When eroded materials are dropped or laid down.

c)

when sediment or rocks are broken down

d)

when rocks react with oxygen and water

17.

What geologic process is happening to the rock in this picture?

a)

The rock is being physically weathered by the tree roots

b)

The rock is being chemically weathered by the tree roots

c)

The rock is being eroded by the tree roots

d)

The rock is being deposited by the tree roots

18.

What geologic process happens when a delta forms as a river is emptied into the ocean?

a)

the sediment's composition is being changed by oxidation

b)

the sediment is being eroded by the river and deposited into the ocean

c)

the sediment has experienced frost wedging

19.

When temperatures repeatedly go from hot to cold this can cause what type of geological process?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

all of the above

20.

The breakdown of rock is called __________.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

infiltration

21.

Why is frost action an effective form of weathering?

a)

Water dissolves many minerals.

b)

Water cools the surroundings.

c)

Water expands when it freezes.

22.

Chemical weathering occurs most rapidly when conditions are __________.

a)

cold and dry

b)

cold and wet

c)

warm and dry

d)

warm and wet

23.

The reaction between limestone and acid rain is an example of __________.

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

24.

Unsorted, angular, rough-surfaced cobbles and boulders are found at the base of a cliff. What most likely transported these cobbles and boulders?

a)

running water

b)

wind

c)

gravity

d)

ocean currents

25.

Which agent of erosion produces V-shaped valleys?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

26.

Which agent of erosion produces U-shaped valleys?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

27.

Which agent of erosion causes rocks to have surface pits and a frosted appearance?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

28.

Where is the greatest velocity of a stream moving along a curve?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

E

d)

X

29.

What is the minimum stream velocity needed to transport a pebble that is 1 cm in diameter?

a)

23 cm/s

b)

50 cm/s

c)

75 cm/s

d)

100 cm/s

30.

Which cross section best represents the shape of the stream channel at line XY?

a)
b)
c)
d)
31.

Point X is near the top of the hill, point Y is at the base of the hill, and point Z is at sea level. A stream flows from point X through point Y to point Z. Which cross section best shows the pattern of sediments deposited by the stream as it enters the ocean near point Z?

a)
b)
c)
d)
32.

Root action is an example of __________.

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

porosity

d)

permeability

33.

Why is frost action an effective form of weathering?

a)

Water dissolves many minerals.

b)

Water cools the surroundings.

c)

Water expands when it freezes.

34.

The reaction between limestone and acid rain is an example of __________.

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

35.

Chemical weathering occurs most rapidly when conditions are __________.

a)

cold and dry

b)

cold and wet

c)

warm and dry

d)

warm and wet

36.

Water is a major agent of chemical weathering because water __________.

a)

has a high specific heat

b)

cools the surroundings

c)

dissolves many minerals

37.

Which of the following rock layers is most resistant to weathering?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

38.

If a rock is broken into several pieces, its rate of weathering will __________.

a)

increase

b)

decrease

c)

remain the same

39.

Humus, which is formed by the decay of organic matter, is important in the formation of __________.

a)

soils

b)

minerals

c)

sediment

d)

surface bedrock

40.

Which factors most directly control the development of soils?

a)

prevailing winds and storm tracks

b)

earthquake intensity and volcanic activity

c)

bedrock composition and climate conditions

41.

Soil horizons develop as a result of __________.

a)

faulting and folding

b)

compaction and cementation

c)

weathering and biologic activity

42.

The transportation of sediment is called __________.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

abrasion

43.

Which of the following rock layers shows the greatest evidence of erosion?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

44.

Unsorted, angular cobbles and boulders at the base of a cliff were most likely transported by __________.

a)

running water

b)

wind

c)

gravity

d)

ocean waves

45.

The downward sliding of earth material is called __________.

a)

tidal changes

b)

glacial erosion

c)

mass movement

d)

lava flow

46.

Which agent of erosion produces V-shaped valleys?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

47.

Which agent of erosion produces U-shaped valleys?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

48.

Which agent of erosion causes rocks to have surface pits and a frosted appearance?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

49.

Which agent of erosion causes pebbles to become smooth and rounded due to abrasion?

a)

wind

b)

gravity

c)

glaciers

d)

running water

50.

Where is the greatest velocity of a stream moving along a straight path?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

51.

Where is the greatest velocity of a stream moving along a curve?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

E

d)

X

52.

Which change would most likely increase the velocity of a river?

a)

a decrease in the river's volume

b)

a decrease in water temperature

c)

an increase in the river's gradient

53.

Which change would most likely increase the velocity of a river?

a)

an increase in the river's discharge

b)

a decrease in water temperature

c)

an decrease in the river's slope

54.

What are the largest particles that a stream can transport at a velocity of 200 cm/s?

a)

silt

b)

sand

c)

pebbles

d)

cobbles

55.

What is the minimum stream velocity needed to transport a pebble that is 1 cm in diameter?

a)

23 cm/s

b)

50 cm/s

c)

75 cm/s

d)

100 cm/s

56.
Rain washing away soil from a hillside
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
57.
Water getting into cracks, freezing, and breaking the rocks or pavement apart
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
58.
Wind blowing sand from one location to another
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
59.
What is sediment?
a)
the process of rocks being broken down and carried away
b)
bits of rock and sand caused by the weathering of rocks
c)
the top layer of the soil
d)
decaying plant or animal material 
60.
the process by which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off
a)
exfoliation
b)
abrasion
c)
erosion
d)
deposition
61.

the process of wearing down by friction - like sand blasting

a)

exfoliation

b)

abrasion

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

62.
the breakdown or decomposition of rock that takes place when minerals change through chemical processes
a)
chemical weathering
b)
mechanical weathering
c)
erosion
d)
deposition
63.
Roots grow into cracks of a rock and pry them apart
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
c)
erosion
d)
deposition
64.
oxidation produces rust on some rocks containing iron
a)
chemical weathering
b)
mechanical weathering
c)
erosion
d)
deposition
65.

The name of the chemical reaction between a chemical compound and water

a)

leaching

b)

hydrolysis

c)

weathering

66.

mechanical weathering is which two

a)

anytime abrasions occur between rocks making them smaller and smaller

b)

water flowing through a river

c)

jagged edge rocks on a hillside

d)

when water removes minerals from the rocks by leaching

67.
1.  mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that evolves over time and supports the growth of plant life
a)
Soil
b)
Sand
c)
Land Mass
d)
Moon 
68.

Caves being formed by acid rain dissolving underground limestone are examples of what?

a)

Chemical Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Mechanical Weathering

69.
In which type of climate would weathering happen the fastest to a rock?
a)
wet and warm
b)
dry and cold
c)
wet and cold
d)
dry and warm
70.

As surface area of a rock increases, the rate of weathering ___________________________.

a)

Decreases

b)

Increases

c)

Stays Constant

71.

Features such as mountains, plains, and plateaus divide continents into __________.

a)

crustal activity zones

b)

natural resource zones

c)

landscape regions

d)

erosional activity areas

72.

Landscapes with horizontal bedrock, steep slopes, and medium elevations are classified as __________.

a)

plateaus

b)

lowlands

c)

plains

d)

mountains

73.

Which factor is most influential in changing the landscape of a particular region?

a)

bedrock age

b)

local climate

c)

wind patterns

d)

grain size

74.

Which type of climate produces smooth, rounded surface features?

a)

hot

b)

arid

c)

cold

d)

humid

75.

Which type of climate produces sharp, angular surface features?

a)

hot

b)

arid

c)

cold

d)

humid

76.

Barrier islands develop as a result of __________.

a)

mass movement

b)

streams

c)

wave action

d)

glaciers

77.

Which agent of erosion produces U-shaped valleys and polished bedrock?

a)

rivers

b)

glaciers

c)

wind

d)

oceans

78.

The terminal moraines that formed Long Island were deposited by __________.

a)

rivers

b)

wind

c)

ice

d)

oceans

79.

A tear-drop hill of unsorted glacial sediment is called a __________.

a)

drumlin

b)

kettle

c)

striation

d)

jetty

80.

A buried block of glacial ice can form a __________.

a)

drumlin

b)

kettle lake

c)

striation

d)

breakwater

81.

In which New York State landscape region is Niagara Falls located?

a)

Tug Hill Plateau

b)

St. Lawrence Lowlands

c)

Allegheny Plateau

d)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

82.

Which city is located in a landscape region that is mostly composed of metamorphic rock?

a)

Old Forge

b)

Elmira

c)

Rochester

d)

Riverhead

83.

Which rock type is found in the Finger Lakes region of New York State?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

regional metamorphic

d)

contact metamorphic

84.

Which city is located in the Allegheny Plateau?

a)

Plattsburgh

b)

Oswego

c)

Elmira

d)

Niagara Falls

85.

Which New York State landscape region is located at 43°30'N, 75°45'W?

a)

Adirondack Mountains

b)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

c)

St. Lawrence Lowlands

d)

Tug Hill Plateau

86.

Which major landscape region covers the greatest surface area of New York State?

a)

New England Highlands

b)

Grenville Highlands

c)

Interior Lowlands

d)

Appalachian Uplands

87.

Which city is located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands?

a)

Kingston

b)

Massena

c)

Rochester

d)

Albany

88.

Which river begins in the Adirondack Mountains?

a)

St. Lawrence

b)

Niagara

c)

Susquehanna

d)

Hudson

89.

During which period of geologic history was the surface bedrock of the Catskills deposited?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Pleistocene

c)

Devonian

d)

Triassic

90.

Which landscape feature is a flat plain consisting of unsorted clays, gravels, and sands?

a)

The Adirondacks

b)

Long Island

c)

The Catskills

d)

The Taconics

91.

Which two locations are found in the same New York State landscape region?

a)

Old Forge and Utica

b)

Oswego and Watertown

c)

Kingston and Rochester

d)

Plattsburgh and Ithaca

92.

Which type of landscape produces the following stream drainage pattern?

a)

plains

b)

plateaus

c)

mountains

d)

river deltas

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