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Worksheetspharm I exam 4 (CH 41&42 only)
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 49mins
GI system consists of which of the following?
Esophagus
Stomach
Lower esophageal sphincter
larynx
Enteral drugs are drugs that _________?
go through the stomach
go around the stomach
Peristalsis is defined as...
movement of food
Rhythmic contractions
squeezing of the intestines
process of digesting
Which part of the GI system is responsible in preventing gastric juices from backing up the esophagus?
esophagus
epiglottis
lower esophageal sphincter
stomach lining
This condition is defined as the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to keep the gastric juices from backing to the esophagus.
achalasia
peptic ulcer disease
hyperacidity
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Name one non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention of GERD.
avoid fatty foods
do not drink/smoke
stay seated after meals
Don't go to sleep w/in 2-3 hrs. of a meal
Can losing weight help with the long-term treatment of GERD?
Yes!
No!
This condition is defined as the erosion of the protective layer thereby exposing the gastric juices to the lining that is not meant to tolerate it.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
diverticulitis
peptic ulcer disease
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
What are some causes of peptic ulcer disease?
candida albicans
ibuprofen use
helicobacter pylori
stress
which of the following the a non-pharmacological intervention for PUD?
lose weight
avoid stress
do not eat fatty foods
avoid caffeinated drinks
Where can the erosion of protective layer happen in peptic ulcer disease?
jejunum
gastric
duodenum
ileum
The proton pumps role is to inhibit the excretion of stomach acid.
True!
False!
what is the MOA of proton pump inhibitors?
coats the ulcer so the gastric juices cannot hurt the ulcer any further
inhibits the creation and excretion of gastric juices--lower acidity of stomach
induces bowel movement to excrete acid
inhibits the gastric secretion
identify drugs that fall under proton pump inhibitors
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Pantoprazole
Omeprazole
what is the consideration and BB for proton pump inhibitors?
This should not be used long term
Can result in dependency
do not cure GERD/PUD
Pregnancy category X
How long does it take before PPI take effect on patients with PUD?
several days
several months
several weeks
several hours
What are some risks in taking proton pump inhibitors?
osteoporosis
fractures r/t osteoporosis
osteoarthritis
osteomyelitis
Identify medications under H2 receptor antagonists
calcium carbonate
Famotidine
Misoprostol
Ranitidine
H2 receptor antagonist prevents the release of acid which lowers the acidity of the stomach.
True!!!
False!!!
what is the difference of H2 receptor antagonists from PPIs?
safer to administer
less risk of dependence
more side effects
can cause cardiac arrhythmias
what is the similarity of PPIs and H2 receptor antagonists?
both are 1st line treatments for PUD and GERD
both should only be taken short-term
both can cause dependency
both should be given with calcium
antacids help cure GERD and PUD!
True!!!
False!!!
identify antacids below.
Magnesium hydroxide
Calcium carbonate
potassium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
what is the onset of antacids?
5-15 mins
2-3 hours
30 mins-1 hr
4-6 hrs
How long will the effect of antacids last?
30 mins
12 hrs
2 hours
1 day
what is an important teaching points for patients taking antacids?
take it with food
do not take it with caffeinated beverages
do not take this with other meds
take it on an empty stomach
what is an important point to remember before taking antacids?
can cause more ulcers
can cause electrolyte imbalance
can cause dependency
can cause constipation
What condition can antacids containing calcium worsen?
duodenal ulcers
kidney stones
kidney injury
constipation
what do you give in conjunction with a PPI when treating peptic ulcer disease?
antacids
H2 receptor antagonists
antibiotics
sucralfate
what is the MOA of sucralfate?
coats the ulcer
inhibit creation of acid
prevents the release of acid
decreases peristalsis
Sucralfate is given for both GERD and PUD.
True!
False!
this medication is only given for prevention and for patients who are taking NSAIDs?
esomeprazole
misoprostol
ranitidine
carafate
How does misoprostol take effect?
blocks too much acid
adds protective gastric layer
it inhibits gastric secretion
neutralizes acid
Misoprostol is not safe for pregnant women to take.
It is safe!
NO, it is not safe!
contents found in the stomach is called (a) .
the first part of the small intestine is the jejunum.
YES!
NO!
What are some causes of constipation?
Lack of exercise
dehydration
Poor fiber intake
iron intake
What are some interventions that can help relieve constipation?
Exercise
Eat more fiber
Take OTC laxatives
Drink more water
Constipation moves things very fast in the GI tract that no water is pulled.
True!
False!
psyllium is a laxative under which drug class?
Stimulant laxatives
Bulk-forming laxatives
Saline cathartics
Surfactant laxatives
this medication is the 1st med given for tx and prevention of constipation.
bisacodyl
docusate
psyllium
polyethylene glycol
pysllium acts by...
pulling water into the feces
irritating the GI tract
bulking up feces allowing it to pull in more water
pulling water and fat to the feces
Can bulk-forming laxatives be used long-term?
Yes, it can!
No, it cannot!
which medications fall under saline cathartics (osmotic laxatives)
magnesium hydroxide
polyethylene glycol
bisacodyl
docusate
what is the MOA for saline cathartics?
pulls water and fat into feces
bulks up the feces
irritates the GI tract
pull water into the feces
Milk of magnesia is given for which of the following?
chronic constipation
preparation for colonoscopy
acute constipation
for pts who had surgery/hospitalized
Just like bulk forming laxatives, saline cathartics can also be given for long-term tx of constipation.
Yes. It is very safe to use.
No. It should only be given short-term.
Bisacodyl falls under which drug class?
bulk forming laxatives
surfactant laxatives
osmotic laxatives
stimulant laxatives
bisacodyl works by stimulating peristalsis thereby irritating the GI tract.
True!
False!
can stimulant laxatives be used for prevention?
Yes.
No.
Surfactant laxatives are given to which type of patients?
pts who are post-op
for pts who have liver failure
pts who are chronically constipated
for patients who are on bedrest in the hospital
surfactant laxatives include ______.
docusate
dulcolax
loperamide
bismuth salicylate
opioid antagonists can interfere with the efficacy of opioid medications for pain.
True!
False!
Which medication is identified as an opioid antagonist?
naloxone
diphenoxylate
naloxegel
sulfasalazine
What is the MOA of naloxegel?
speeds up peristalsis
adds water and fat to feces
adds more water to feces
bulks up feces
this medication helps constipation by lubricating the stool.
loperamide
KY jelly
mineral oil
colace
What are some CAMs given for constipation?
castor oil
ginger
flaxseed
aloe
diarrhea is considered as one of the body's ________
thermoregulator
blood glucose regulator
defense mechanism
baroreflex for BP
what are some reasons we treat diarrhea for?
dehydration
fluid overload
nutritional imbalance
obesity
which populations are at risk for dehydration and nutritional imbalance?
geriatrics
adolescents
infants
middle adults
this opioid agonist can be bought OTC.
Diphenoxylate
Bismuth salicylate
Loperamide
Sulfasalazine
opioid agonists work by...
binding to toxins in the GI
numbing opioid receptors
slowing down peristalsis
pushing more water into the feces
bismuth salts act on the GI system by...
helping with inflammation of the GI
slowing down peristalsis
binding to toxins and inactivating them
pulling water out of the feces
inflammatory bowel disease covers 2 diseases, which of the following are they?
colorectal cancer
diverticulitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Crohn's
which drug classes are used to treat IBD?
Steroids
Biologics
5-ASA drugs
Immunosuppressants
Arrange these drugs on their order of treatment for IBD:
a. methotrexate
b. adalimumab
c. prednisone
d. sulfasalazine
(do not put commas in your answer)
(a)
Vomiting is a way of getting rid of toxins in the body.
Yes!
No!
what is an emetogenic?
substance that can cause vomiting
substance that can cause diarrhea
substance that can cause constipation
substance that can cause cancer
identify some drug classes that can treat nausea/vomiting.
H1 receptor antagonists
serotonin receptor antagonists
phenothiazines
benzodiazepines
This drug class is the 1st line tx for N/V and is given for hyperemesis gravidarum
Serotonin receptor antagonists
Benzodiazepine
Phenothiazines
Steroids
which of these meds is a serotonin receptor antagonist?
scopalamine
metoclopramide
ondansetron
prochlorperazine
Phenothiazines are drugs that can be used as 2nd line tx for N/V. For what other indication is this drug class used for?
constipation
allergic rhinitis
psychosis
bacterial infections
Phenothiazines have an adverse effect of ....
extrapyramidal symptoms
hypertensive crisis
blood clots
serotonin syndrome
What CAMs are used for nausea?
black cohosh
honey
ginger
st.john's wort
What anticholinergic is used for nausea?
lorazepam
scopolamine
dimenhydrinate
Promethazine
What antihistamine is used for nausea?
lorazepam
scopolamine
dimenhydrinate
Promethazine
What benzodiazepine is used for nausea?
lorazepam
scopolamine
dimenhydrinate
Promethazine
What is a short-term option to prevent nausea r/t chemo?
Cannabis
steroids
Benzodiazepines
H1 Receptor antagonists
what are the primary nursing interventions for pancreatitis?
fluid management
nutritional balance
pain management
antibiotic therapy
What is pancrealipase?
blocks toxins from entering the pancreas
replaces the enzymes that the pancreas is supposed to secrete
protects the pancreas by coating it
has antiinflammatory properties to treat pancreatitis
