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Biology 2nd Year CH # 24-27 + antonyms

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A placental squirrel in North America resembles a marsupial squirrel in Australia. They are genetically and geographically separated. This is best explained by ___.

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

spontaneous generation

d)

vestigial structures

2.

Natural processes such as speciation and gradualism provide the genetic basis for_____.

a)

evolution

b)

spontaneous generation

c)

biogenesis

d)

sexual reproduction

3.

Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm are called _____.

a)

embryological strucutres

b)

analogous structures

c)

homologous strucures

d)

homozygous structures

4.

Natural selection can best be defined as _____.

a)

survuval of the biggest and strongest

b)

elimination of the smallest by the biggest

c)

survuval and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area

d)

survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment.

5.

What is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called?

a)

random mating

b)

nonrandom mating

c)

gene flow

d)

direct evolution

6.

The founder of the modern evolution theory is considered to be _____.

a)

Darwin

b)

Oparin

c)

Gould

d)

Margulis

7.

Which fact is the basis for using the fossil record as evidence that evolution has taken place?

a)

in undisturbed rock strata, the oldest fossils are found in deeper layers

b)

there are fossils of all life forms in rock layers

c)

all fossils formed at the same time

d)

fossils provide a complete record of human evolution

8.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
9.
Darwin theorized that individuals having an advantage due to their traits or abilities will be more likely to survive and reproduce.  This theory is known as
a)
evolution
b)
speciation
c)
adaptation
d)
natural selection
10.
Darwin's book was called On the Origin of
a)
individuals
b)
natural selection
c)
species
d)
evolution
11.
What factor must be in place for natural selection to occur?
a)
struggle for existence (overproduction)
b)
genetically identical individuals
c)
random mating
d)
no immigration or emigration 
12.

Which scientist stated that things like war, famine and disease help to keep the worlds population in check.

a)

Darwin

b)

Lamarck

c)

Malthus

13.
This scientist stated that by using or not using a certain body part, organisms could change in their lifetime and that the trait gained would be passed down to their offspring.
a)
James Hutton
b)
Charles Lyell
c)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d)
Thomas Malthus
14.
Who was the naturalist that traveled the world to study plants and animals?
a)
Albert Einstein
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Charles Barkley
d)
Isaac Newton
15.
What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?
a)
Their feathers 
b)
Genotypes 
c)
Their beaks
d)
Their body sizes
16.
The struggle for existence against other members of an organisms species is
a)
Competition
b)
Natural Selection
c)
gene flow
d)
genetic drift
17.
Darwin's expedition was called the Voyage of the _________.
a)
Titanic
b)
Beagle
18.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
19.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
20.
the hind leg bones in a whale are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
fossils
d)
vestigals
21.
What is the study of organisms at the early stages of development?
a)
DNA studies
b)
embryology 
c)
extinction
d)
fossil record
22.

In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the

a)

more similar their habitats are.

b)

less similar their DNA sequences are.

c)

more recently they shared a common ancestor.

d)

less likely they are to have the same genes in common.

e)

more similar they are in size.

23.

Natural selection is based on all of the following except

a)

genetic variation exists within populations.

b)

the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.

c)

individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.

d)

populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.

e)

individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.

24.

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?

a)

By identifying the bones as being analogous

b)

By the principle of convergent evolution

c)

By proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor

d)

By looking at where the animals live

25.

When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism

a)

lives longer than others of its species.

b)

competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.

c)

mates more frequently than others of its species.

d)

utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying similar niches.

e)

leaves more viable offspring than others of its species.

26.

The greatest degree of genetic variability would be expected among organisms that reproduce via

a)

budding

b)

sexual recombination

c)

vegetative propagation

d)

mitosis

e)

sporulation

27.

Homologous structures are often cited as evidence for evolution. All of the following are examples of homologous structures EXCEPT

a)

the wings of a bird and with wings of a bat

b)

the flippers of a whale and the arms of a man

c)

the pectoral fins of a porpoise and the flippers of a seal

d)

the forelegs of an insect and the forelimbs of a dog

e)

the hind legs of a lizard and the legs of a chicken.

28.

All of the following are part of Hardy Weinberg law for populations in equilibirum EXCEPT

a)

Large population

b)

No immigration or emigration

c)

No natural selection

d)

Non random mating

e)

No genetic mutations

29.
What is another name for natural selection?
a)
survival of the smartest
b)
survival of the fastest
c)
survival of the biggest
d)
survival of the fittest
30.

These structures share a common function but not structure ex) the wing of a bird and the wing of an insect

a)

homologous

b)

analogous

c)

vestigial

d)

homozygous

31.

Natural selection is the ability to:

a)

live longer and reproduce

b)

evolve and survive

c)

mutate and grow

d)

meditate and relax

32.

Which mechanism of change occurs when chance events, rather than fitness, cause a change in the allele frequency of a population?

a)

Mutation

b)

Gene Flow

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Natural Selection

33.

True or False:

Natural selection can create new traits in a species.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

The ultimate source of genetic variation in a population.

a)

mutation

b)

gene flow

c)

gene pool

d)

allele

35.

How does the fossil record provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?

a)

Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past.

b)

Fossils show that some species have gone extinct.

c)

Fossils show that Earth is old enough for evolution of life to occur.

d)

Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years.

36.

The wings of a bat and a butterfly evolved through convergence and do not show descent from common ancestry. This is an example of ______________.

a)

analogous structures

b)

homologous structures

c)

aerial structures

d)

flight structures

37.

The diagram above shows similarities of different vertebrates at different stages of development. This represents what type of evidence for evolution of vertebrates from a common ancestor?

a)

Biogeographical

b)

Biochemical

c)

Embryological

d)

Fossil

38.

Which represents biochemical evidence for evolution?

a)

Two closely related organisms have similar DNA sequences.

b)

Two closely related organisms have identical DNA sequences.

c)

Two closely related organisms have no proteins in common.

d)

Two closely related organisms have completely different DNA sequences.

39.

The remnants of limb bones in a modern snakes are provide evidence from decent from a tetrapod ancestor. These limb buds are __________.

a)

vestigial structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

cartilaginous structures

d)

fossilized structures

40.

Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the of the biosphere from the processes of death and ____.

a)

decay by bacteria

b)

infiltration of the groundwater

c)

runoff

d)

lightning in the storm and clouds

41.

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _____.

a)

burning of forests

b)

photosynthesis

c)

combustion of fossil fuels

d)

all of these

42.

cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. this is a description of the ___ of cougars.

a)

habitat

b)

community

c)

niche

d)

none of these

43.

An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact with one another and with the abiotic parts of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called a(n) _____.

a)

organism

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

44.

Parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism are examples of _______.

a)

food chains

b)

food webs

c)

symbiosis

d)

trophic levels

45.

Both the alga and the fungus are benefited from their relationship in a lichen. This relationship is one of ______.

a)

coomensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

symbolism

46.

study of how living things relate to each other and their environment

a)

evolution

b)

ecology

c)

parasitology

d)

ethology

47.

relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit

a)

parasitism

b)

commensalism

c)

symbolism

d)

mutualism

48.

network of interconnected food chains

a)

ecosystem

b)

food web

c)

trophic levels

d)

biological community

49.

relationship between organism in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed or benefited

a)

parasitism

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

symbolism

50.

simple model for showing how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

a)

food web

b)

trophic levels

c)

food chain

d)

habitat

51.

place where an organism spends its life

a)

niche

b)

habitiat

c)

biolgical community

d)

ecosystem

52.

relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

symbolism

53.

step in the passage of energy and matter through an ecosystem

a)

food chain

b)

trophic level

c)

habitat

d)

niche

54.

An uncut lawn eventually becomes a meadow and then a forest. This process is an example of ______.

a)

aphotic zones

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

estuary

55.

The stable ecosystem that develops due to succession is called ____.

a)

niche

b)

habitat

c)

forest

d)

climax community

56.

What is composed of several food chains in an ecosystem that intersect and depend on one another?

a)

niche

b)

feeding level

c)

energy pyramid

d)

food web

57.

What is the ultimate source of energy in any food chain?

a)

the sun

b)

producers

c)

consumers

d)

decomposers

58.

Weather (such as rain) and soil conditions are considered to be part of the ____________ factors of an ecosystem.

a)

biotic

b)

antibiotic

c)

abiotic

d)

biomass

59.

All the nonliving things in an environment are called the ________ factors.

a)

abiotic

b)

biotic

c)

ecological

d)

inorganic

60.

A certain plant needs moisture, carbon dioxide, oxygen light, and minerals to survive. This scenario shows that a living organism depends on

a)

biotic factors

b)

abiotic factors

c)

symbiotic relationships

d)

carnivore-herbivore relationships

61.

What is an example of a biotic factor?

a)

water

b)

grass

c)

soil

62.
This ecosystem would have many trees.
a)
Forest
b)
Grassland
c)
Ocean
d)
Lakes/Ponds
63.
This ecosystem has very few trees and a lot of varieties of grasses.
a)
Forest
b)
Grassland
c)
Wetland
d)
Lakes/Ponds
64.
This ecosystem receives direct sunlight all day because it has few trees.
a)
Forest
b)
Grassland
c)
Swamp-Wetland
65.
This ecosystem receives very little rainfall.
a)
Forest
b)
Grassland
c)
Wetland
d)
Ocean
66.
Prairies, steppes, and savannas are all types of ____________. 
a)
forests
b)
grasslands
c)
wetlands
d)
estuaries
67.
In which ecosystem would I find the following things:
1. A lot of mammals
2. Usually warm weather
3. Very few trees
4. Fertile soil
a)
grassland
b)
forest
c)
ocean
d)
estuary
68.
Which list contains only biotic factors of an ecosystem?
a)
deer, microorganisms, and roses
b)
rocks, water, and sand
c)
rainbow trout, water, and microorganisms
d)
oak trees, dirt, and grass
69.
Dropping leaves in the fall is a characteristic of what type of tree?
a)
deciduous
b)
evergreen
c)
conifer
d)
bonsai
70.
Type of forest biome near the equator; receives a lot of rain; temperatures are warm all year.
a)
desert
b)
tropical rain forest
c)
arctic
d)
temperate rain forest
71.
A biome is......
a)
Like a snowglobe that you shake and can see different types of animals.
b)
A large region of earth with a certain type of climate
c)
An area of earth only found in the United States.
d)
A community of living things.
72.

A community and a biome are the exact same thing.

a)

Yes

b)

No, a biome is determined by the climate found in a large area.

c)

No, a community is determined by the climate found in a large area.

d)

Not enough information

73.

Which terrestrial(land) biome is the most diverse (has the most numbers of species)?

a)

Desert

b)

Arctic Tundra

c)

Tropical Rainforest

d)

Temperate Grasslands

74.

The desert receives about as much rainfall as the

a)

tundra

b)

tropical forest

c)

grassland

d)

taiga

75.

Most of the world’s rain forests are found close to the

a)

Arctic circle

b)

equator

c)

Antarctic

d)

desert

76.

Which of the following terrestrial biomes receives the largest amount of rainfall per year?

a)

desert

b)

prarie

c)

savanna

d)

deciduous forest

77.

The temperate forest is a type of terrestrial biome.

Which of the following are characteristic of a temperate forest?

a)

Elk and caribou migrating during the early summer to graze on lichen and grasses.

b)

Warm weather, plentiful rain, and diverse plant and animal life

c)

Cold winters, short summers, and frozen subsoil, even in the summer

d)

Warm summers, cold winters, squirrels, and deciduous trees

78.
The tundra biome occurs near the poles, while the alpine tundra
a)
occurs near the equator
b)
occurs near 30 degrees latitude
c)
occurs on mountain tops and many latitudes
d)
occurs at sea level
79.

problem caused by increased levels of CFC's in the atmosphere; living things are exposed to more UV radiation

a)

global warming

b)

thermal pollution

c)

greenhouse effect

d)

ozone depletion

80.
Which of the following issues is the cause of the other environmental impacts caused by humans?
a)
pollution
b)
human population growth
c)
climate change
d)
habitat destruction 
81.

Occurs when nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds from burning fossil fuels combine with water in the atmosphere

a)

global warming

b)

ozone depletion

c)

acid rain

d)

thermal pollution

82.
Which of the following is a finite resource?  
a)
solar energy 
b)
wind energy
c)
trees
d)
fossil fuels 
83.

Which of the following ecological problems is NOT the result of burning fossil fuels?

a)

global warming

b)

ozone depletion

c)

climate change

d)

acid rain

84.

Which of the following results when levels of CO2 in the atmosphere increase due to the burning of fossil fuels?

a)

ecological succession

b)

acid rain

c)

ozone depletion

d)

global warming

85.
Which of the following is NOT a method of energy conservation?
a)
taking public transportation to work (bus, subway)
b)
riding your bike to work
c)
walking to work 
d)
driving alone in your car to work
86.

Which of the following natural resources would be described as finite (non-renewable)?

a)

hydro power (ie. Niagara Falls Power Authority)

b)

wind energy

c)

solar energy

d)

fossil fuels

87.

Fill in the blank: _______________ is the presence of a substance in the environment that has a negative or harmful effect on the ecosystem

a)

Chrystalization

b)

Pollution

c)

Fertilization

d)

Solution

88.

What does biodiversity means?

a)

The variety of organisms in an ecosystem

b)

Resources that are replaced as quickly as they are used

c)

Resources that are limited in supply because they are used faster than can be replaced

d)

The study of the loss of Earth's biodiversity and the ways this loss can be prevented

89.

Renewable resources are:

a)

Resources that are limited in supply because they are used faster than can be replaced

b)

The study of the loss of Earth's biodiversity and the ways this loss can be prevented

c)

Process during which all members of a species die out

d)

Resources that are replaced as quickly as they are used

90.

Non Renewable resources are,

a)

The study of the loss of Earth's biodiversity and the ways this loss can be prevented

b)

Resources that are limited in supply because they are used faster than can be replaced

c)

Resources that are replaced as quickly as they are used

d)

The variety of organisms in an ecosystem

91.

Extinction means:

a)

The study of the loss of Earth's biodiversity and the ways this loss can be prevented

b)

Process during which all members of a species die out

c)

Resources that are limited in supply because they are used faster than can be replaced

d)

Resources that are replaced as quickly as they are used

92.

Endangered species are

a)

Resources that are limited in supply because they are used faster than can be replaced

b)

Resources that are replaced as quickly as they are used

c)

The variety of organisms in an ecosystem

d)

species that have been identified as likely to become extinct

93.

What is not a renewable resource?

a)

Sun

b)

Water

c)

Wind

d)

Wood

94.

The largest threat to biodiversity is

a)

bacteria

b)

humans

c)

fungi

d)

plants

95.

Pollution causes harm to ...

a)

land

b)

water

c)

air

d)

all of these

96.
Which group includes ALL renewable resources?
a)
Coal, trees, water, oil
b)
Water, wind, sun, plants
c)
Minerals, sun, natural gas, water
97.
What is the major cause for air pollution? 
a)
factories and cars
b)
cigarretes 
c)
deforestation
d)
oil spills
98.

Which the following is not cause of Greenhouse gases effect?

a)

Watch TV

b)

Use cloth bag

c)

Use a hair dryer

d)

Turn on a light

99.

What is a greenhouse gases caused by trash that is produced by the trash that we send to landfills?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Methane

c)

Acid Rain

d)

Atmosphere

100.

Which of these does not produce greenhouse gases according to the passage?

a)

Switch on the light

b)

Use machines to make life easier

c)

Watch TV

d)

Try to use solar cell

101.
Which of these is a MAJOR cause of acid rain?
a)
spraying pesticides on crops
b)
burning fossil fuels for energy
c)
dumping sewage in river systems
d)
using uranium to generate electricity
102.
How is acid rain formed?
a)
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide mix with water in the ocean.
b)
Carbon dioxide and oxygen mix with water in the air.
c)
Sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide mix with lake water.
d)
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide mix with water in the air.
103.

Which pair below are the two main sources of air pollution in urban (populated) areas?

a)

vehicles, volcanoes

b)

vehicles, industries

c)

Industries, agriculture

d)

All of the above

104.
how much of the world do forests cover?
a)
63%
b)
.2%
c)
30%
d)
70%
105.
The gradual increase in the temperature of the atmosphere is known as ________________.
a)
Greenhouse Effect
b)
Global Warming
c)
Carbon Dioxide Gases
d)
Methane
106.

Bland antonym...............

a)

caustic

b)

meager

c)

uncooked

d)

helpless

107.

Benign antonym...............

a)

tenfold

b)

malignant

c)

blessed

d)

wavering

108.

Bigorty antonym...............

a)

revengeful

b)

approval

c)

mourning

d)

tolerance

109.

Cessation antonym...............

a)

premium

b)

gravity

c)

begining

d)

composition

110.

Dank antonym...............

a)

dry

b)

reserved

c)

warm

d)

babbling

111.

Dilate antonym...............

a)

contract

b)

restrict

c)

spread

d)

tight

112.

Devout antonym...............

a)

impius

b)

quiet

c)

dual

d)

wrong

113.

Hilarity antonym...............

a)

Gloom

b)

weakness

c)

casualty

d)

paucity

114.

Limpid antonym...............

a)

erect

b)

turbid

c)

timid

d)

weary

115.

Obtuse antonym...............

a)

sheer

b)

timid

c)

transparent

d)

tranquil

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