NEW
Font size
WorksheetsToxic Responses to Kidneys: Review
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 8mins
The following TRUE of kidneys EXCEPT:
They remove waste and extra water from the blood.
They help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body.
They filter the blood and remove any old or damaged red blood cells.
They make hormones that help control blood pressure
Kidney has _____% cardiac output.
5
10
17
25
Cells that are severely injured undergo
necrosis,
aptosis.
oncosis.
melanosis.
Which of the following is FALSE of the physiological factors of kidney susceptibility?
High renal blood flow.
Concentrating capacity.
Lack of mitochodria in renal cells.
Highly active multiple metabolizing enzyme systems.
The following are molecular targets of renal cell injury EXCEPT:
Mitochondria
Calcium ions
Signalling kinases
Golgi apparatus
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 30 to 44 is related to which stage of kidney disease?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Which of the diseases below are major risk factors for CKD?
Dental disorder
Diabetes
Dushane’s syndrome
Degenerative diseases
Many people with stage 3 kidney disease do not have any symptoms. But if there are symptoms, there may be swelling in the hands and feet, back pain and urinating more or less than normal.
True
False
In evaluating patients with peripheral edema and weight gain, which of the following confirms a diagnosis of suspected acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A progressive daily rise in serum creatinine.
A progressive daily rise in serum potassium.
A progressive daily decrease in serum sodium.
Urine that is dark or cola coloured.
Which of the following industrial/environmental chemicals is NOT primarily known to be nephrotoxic?
Benzene
Melamine
Trichloroethylene
Ethylene glycol
Which mechanism explains aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
DNA alkylation
Increased glucose reabsorption
Vasoconstriction of renal arteries
Lysosomal rupture in proximal tubules
Which nephrotoxic agent is used in cancer chemotherapy?
Cisplatin
Ibuprofen
Gentamicin
Amphotericin B
Which nephrotoxic agent reduces renal blood flow by inhibiting prostaglandins?
NSAIDs
Cisplatin
Aminoglycosides
Amphotericin B
A patient receiving cisplatin therapy for a solid tumour develops acute kidney injury. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is a hallmark clinical sign of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia
Which strategy minimises nephrotoxicity risk?
Increasing drug dose
Ignoring renal function tests
Adequate hydration and dose adjustment
Combining multiple nephrotoxic drugs
Cisplatin‑induced nephrotoxicity is primarily mediated by:
DNA alkylation
Tubular oxidative stress and apoptosis
Inhibition of folate metabolism
Immune complex deposition
The following mycotoxins can induce nephrotoxicity. Among these mycotoxins, which is the most potent hepatocarcinogen?
Ochratoxin A
Citrinin
Fumonisins
Aflatoxin B1
Chronic exposure to lead primarily damages the kidney by the following:
Glomerular sclerosis
Proximal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis
Distal tubular necrosis
Papillary necrosis
Mercury toxicity in the kidney is characterised by:
Podocyte injury and nephrotic syndrome
Acute tubular necrosis
Interstitial nephritis
Renal artery stenosis
Chloroform‑induced nephrotoxicity is mainly due to
direct glomerular filtration blockade.
bioactivation by CYP2E1 into phosgene, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis.
deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli.
