A layer of mesodermal connective tissue

Epidermal derivatives include

Hypodermis is part of the skin

What specific function of the skin provides a physical barrier against thermal and mechanical insults such as friction and against most potential pathogens and other material?

What specific function of the skin allow skin to constantly monitor the environment, and various skin mechanoreceptors help regulate the body’s interactions with physical objects?

What specific function of the skin maintains the constant body temperature?

What specific function of the skin is able to synthesize vitamin D_3?

sex pheromones are produced by the

Dermal-epidermal interdigitations are of the peg-and-socket variety

Ridges and the intervening sulci form distinctive patterns unique for each individual, appearing as combinations of loops, arches, and whorls, called

Skin is self-renewing throughout life

The epidermis is composed of what type of epithelium?

Found on the palms and soles

Found elsewhere on the body

______________ in the basal cell membranes join these cells to the basal lamina.

What binds the cells of the stratum basale together in their lateral and upper surfaces?

The human epidermis is renewed about every 15-30 days depending on age, the region of the body, and other factors.

Tonofibrils are keratin filaments that assemble into microscopically visible bundles that converge and terminate at the numerous desmosomes holding the cell layers together.

The dermis of thin skin is more cellular and well vascularized than that of thick skin, with elastin and less coarse bundles of collagen.

A filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibers in epithelial cells

These are small ovoid structures with many lamellae containing various lipids and glycolipids.

Fully keratinized or cornified cells are called

All are responsible for the color of the skin except

They have pale-staining, rounded cell bodies attached by hemidesmosomes to the basal lamina, but lacking attachments to the neighboring keratinocytes

A congenital disorder producing skin hypopigmentation due to a defect in tyrosinase or some other component of the melanin-producing pathway.

An acquired condition that involves skin depigmentation

MELANOSOME FORMATION STAGES:

Vesicle with tyrosinase and other enzymes to form melanin.

MELANOSOME FORMATION STAGES:

Melanin production begins on organized matrix in vesicle.

MELANOSOME FORMATION STAGES:

Melanin pigment accumulates on the vesicular matrix.

MELANOSOME FORMATION STAGES:

Melanin fills the mature pigment granule.

This always occurs between the stratum basale and the dermis, and follows the contour of the interdigitations between these layers

This layer includes the dermal papillae, consists of loose connective tissue, with types I and III collagen fibers, fibroblasts and scattered mast cells, dendritic cells, and leukocytes.

This layer is much thicker and consists of dense irregular connective tissue (mainly bundles of type I collagen), with more fibers and fewer cells

This microvascular plexus lies between the papillary and reticular dermal layers

This plexus has larger blood and lymphatic vessels lies near the interface of the dermis and the subcutaneous layer.

This decreases blood flow in the papillary layer to minimize heat loss in cold conditions and increase this flow to facilitate heat loss when it is hot, thus helping maintain a constant body temperature

All are unencapsulated nerve fibers except

Encapsulated tactile receptors that are located in the dermis and hypodermis

This tactile receptor located in dermis is responsible for detecting light touch

This tactile receptor located in dermis is responsible for detecting pressure and high-frequency vibration

This tactile receptor located in dermis is responsible for low-frequency vibrations/movements

This tactile receptor located in dermis is responsible for detecting tissue distortion

This layer consists of loose connective tissue that binds the skin loosely to the subjacent organs, making it possible for the skin to slide over them.

This layer is also called superficial fascia

The thickness of the subcutaneous layer varies from person-to-person depending on their body composition

This functions as a tonic receptor for sustained light touch and for sensing an object’s texture

These are simpler encapsulated, ovoid structures, with extremely thin, collagenous capsules penetrated by a sensory fiber

They are numerous in the fingertips, palms, and soles but decline slowly in number during aging after puberty

These are found in the connective tissue of organs located deep in the body, including the wall of the rectum and urinary bladder

They have collagenous, fusiform capsules anchored firmly to the surrounding connective tissue, with sensory axons stimulated by stretch (tension) or twisting (torque) in the skin.

The color, size, shape, and texture of hairs vary according to age, genetic background, and region of the body

All skin has at least minimal hair except

The hair growth cycle major phases:

A generally long period of mitotic activity and growth

The hair growth cycle major phases:

A brief period of arrested growth and regression of the hair bulb

The hair growth cycle major phases:

A final long period of inactivity during which the hair may be shed

Part of the hair that projects from the surface of the skin.

Part of the hair that is embedded in the dermis of the skin.

 Indentation at the base of the hair bulb that contains blood vessels

Structure at the deep end of the hair follicle.

Structure at the base of hair bulb that produces new hairs via mitosis.

Infoldings surrounding the hair root.

Supports the hair follicle and separates it from the dermis.

Anchors hair follicle to the dermis

Anchors tightly to the root.

Part of the nail that rests on top of the epidermal nail bed.

Deep to the nail plate, nourishes and protects the nail.

Visible part of the nail.

Lies under the skin.

Part of the nail with living, dividing cells. Supplies oxygen to the nail, sight of nail growth.

Covers the edge of the root.

Also known as the “cuticle”, found at the base of the nail, protects matrix from infection.

Overlapping of skin that borders the nail laterally and medially.

Skin that lies under the free edge of the nail.

Crescent shaped area where keratin accumulates.

These are branched acinar glands with several acini converging at a short duct that usually empties into the upper portion of a hair follicle

The acini of sebaceous glands are the classic example of

_________ secretion

A complex mixture of lipids that includes wax esters, squalene, cholesterol, and triglycerides that are hydrolyzed by bacterial enzymes after secretion.

What glands occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of your skin?

These glands open into the hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin and develop in areas abundant in hair follicles, such as on your scalp, armpits and groin.

These glands produce sex pheromones

Which of the following components of the epidermis provides sealant between adjacent cells?

Which cells derive from precursors originating in the bone marrow and function as antigen-presenting cells in skin?

Cells responsible for producing the pigment for dark hair are located in which of following?

Myoepithelial cells aid in the secretory process of which of the following?