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WorksheetsImmunology Chp. 14
Total questions: 44
Worksheet time: 22mins
Anaphylactic reactions are mediated by:
mast cells
lymphocytes
macrophages
natural killer (NK) cells
A 10-year-old girl has been experiencing symptoms of nasal congestion, watery eyes, and sneezing for the past 2 years. Percutaneous testing revealed that she was allergic to several antigens, including ragweed, grasses, dust mites, and cat dander. Treatment with over-the-counter drugs did not do much to alleviate her symptoms, which seemed to worsen with time. Her doctor prescribed allergy immunotherapy, and her symptoms began to improve over the next year. This therapy is thought to work through the administration of:
anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, which binds to circulating IgE in the bloodstream.
anti-IgE monoclonal antibody to prevent further synthesis of IgE by the patient.
gradually increasing doses of the allergen over time to induce production of blocking IgG4 antibodies.
gradually increasing doses of the allergen over time to shift the immune response toward allergen-specific IgM antibodies.
Reaction to poison ivy is which type of hypersensitivity?
I
II
III
IV
Immune injury resulting from the localization of immune complexes in blood vessels and tissues describes which hypersensitivity reaction?
I
II
III
IV
Which isotype of immunoglobulin is involved in type I hypersensitivity?
IgE
IgA
IgG
IgM
Which of the following diseases is an example of type II hypersensitivity?
Anaphylaxis
Myasthenia gravis
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
bruton's agammaglobulinemia
Hypersensitivities to poison ivy and nickel are:
mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies.
immunodeficiency diseases.
IgE responses to a hapten.
macrophage and T-cell responses to a hapten.
Type I hypersensitivity involves:
IgE binding to mast cells and basophils.
phagocytic cell degranulation and proteolytic enzyme activity.
a kidney membrane antigen and specific antibody.
natural killer cell activation.
The principal difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions is:
the isotype of the antibody involved.
complement-mediated lysis of host cells.
whether the antigen is cellular or soluble.
involvement of helper T cells and macrophages.
The normal activity of a type I hypersensitivity response is protection primarily against which of the following?
parasites
viruses
bacteria
fungi
An example of a condition that involves type III hypersensitivity is:
myasthenia gravis
allergic rhinitis
contact sensitivity
rheumatoid arthritis
All of the hypersensitivity responses have which of the following in common?
involvement of antibody
asymptomatic sensitization phase
release of histamine
activation of macrophage against a pathogen
Preformed mediators that are released during the activation phase of a type I hypersensitivity response include which of the following?
Histamine
cycooxygenase
leukotriene
prostaglandin
A 5-year-old girl was rushed to the emergency department because she was having trouble breathing. She had been playing at the park when she fell down and her face and neck started to swell up. One of her friends thought that the girl might have been stung by a bee because a bee was flying around them, and shortly before the girl fell to the ground, she had screamed. The girl had a large red bump on her cheek. This girl likely has:
Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia.
type 1 diabetes.
type I hypersensitivity.
type IV hypersensitivity.
A hypersensitivity reaction characterized by the presence of IgG that reacts with soluble antigen best describes:
type III hypersensitivity
contact dermatitis
type II hypersensitivity
asthma
What immune phenomenon is responsible for the muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis?
Binding of antibody to a receptor on muscle cells
Muscle cell destruction by cytotoxic T cells
Deposition of immune complexes in the muscles
Release of histamine from mast cells in the muscles
Type I hypersensitivity can be treated by injecting a specific recombinant humanized IgG called omalizumab. This antibody:
binds allergens, preventing them from binding patient IgE.
occupies Fc receptors on mast cells, preventing binding by patient IgE.
binds to a heavy-chain domain on patient IgE, preventing the IgE from binding to mast cells.
inhibits Th2 cells that would otherwise promote excess IgE production.
Which of the following occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn?
IgE builds up on the mother’s cells.
The Rh– mother is exposed to Rh+ baby cells.
The Rh+ mother is exposed to Rh– baby cells.
The baby must be Rh–.
The precipitation of immune complexes in small blood vessels under the skin that occurs when antigen is injected in an animal with large amounts of circulating antibody describes which of the following?
serum sickness
arthus reaction
anaphylaxis
delayed hypersensitivity
Reactions to antigens in natural rubber (latex) can trigger:
type I and type II hypersensitivity.
type II and type III hypersensitivity.
type III and type IV hypersensitivity.
type I and type IV hypersensitivity.
Which immune mechanism is involved in contact dermatitis?
Presence of circulating IgE
Deposition of immune complexes
Activation of complement
Sensitization of cytotoxic T cells
A direct antiglobulin test is ordered on a patient sample. This test detects:
in vivo attachment of antibodies to red blood cells
allergic reaction
passive agglutination
naturally occuring antibodies
To determine if a patient is allergic to peanuts, the best test to perform is:
allergen-specific IgE
total serum IgE
serum protein electrophoresis
radial immunodiffusion (RID) to measure IgG
An exaggerated reaction directed against an antigen that is harmless is called:
atopy
hypersensitivity
immune complex disease
passive cutaneous anaphylaxis
A positive direct antiglobulin test might indicate:
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
an allergic reaction
a mismatch of transplant
rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following is characteristic of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by cold agglutinins?
it is a type I hypersensitivity reaction
it is the most common cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
the IgM antibodies are specific to II blood grpups
the reaction is irreversible
A mother pregnant with her second child is told during a prenatal visit that the baby is exhibiting signs of mild hemolytic anemia. What could be the potential cause?
Maternal anti-A attacking fetal RBCs with the A antigen
Fetal anti-A attacking maternal RBCs with the A antigen
Fetal anti-D attacking maternal RBCs with the D antigen
Maternal anti-D attacking fetal RBCs with the D antigen
Complement is responsible for tissue damage in which of the following reactions?
immediate hypersensitivity
type III hypersensitivity
delayed hypersensitivity
anaphylaxis
T cell–dependent hypersensitivity occurs:
24 to 72 hours after exposure to the antigen.
immediately after exposure to the antigen.
5 to 7 days after contact with antigen.
1 to 4 hours after contact with antigen.
Anaphylaxis is characterized by which of the following?
degranulation of mast cells
production of IgG
T-cell mediators
all of the above
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
Which is a characteristic of the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)?
It is used as a screen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia testing.
It is used to detect complement synthesized to patient red blood cells.
It is used to detect antibodies bound to patient red blood cells.
It is used to detect specific antibodies in patient plasma.
Compared with percutaneous (prick) tests, intradermal skin tests:
are more sensitive
require less antigen
carry less risk
are better for diagnosing food allergies
Which preformed mediator has a mode of action similar to that of histamine?
LTB4
heparin
ECF-A
PGD2
Contact dermatitis can be characterized by:
formation of antigen-antibody complexes
immediate sensitization of Th1 cells
langerhans cells acting as antigen-presenting cells
decreased cytokine production
A 37-year-old woman received two units of packed red blood cells following a surgical procedure. She had been transfused once before. Five days after surgery, she experienced a slight fever and some hemoglobin in her urine, indicating a delayed transfusion reaction. A direct antiglobulin test on a blood sample was positive. Which of the following statements best describes this reaction?
The patient had IgM antibody to the red cells transfused.
The patient’s reaction was the result of an amnestic response.
Only IgE was coating the transfused red blood cells.
The antibody present reacted best at room temperature.
Which of the following cause allergic reactions within 30 to 60 minutes after exposure to an allergen?
platelet-activating factor (PAF)
Histamine
Cytokines
Leukotrienes
Which of the following is an environmental factor related to susceptibility to type I hypersensitivity?
Compromised prevention of protective barriers against allergens
Compromised detection of allergen antigens
Compromised production of cytokines
Alteration in gut microbes
A patient with asthma may have a genetic polymorphism associated with which of the following?
IL-13
IL-4
HLA class II genes
Th2 cells
A laboratory professional develops rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma-like symptoms after 6 months on the job. What might be occurring?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction to a testing reagent
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction to latex gloves
Type I hypersensitivity reaction to latex gloves
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction to a coworker’s perfume
A child with potential ragweed, tree, and food allergies would be best served with which type of testing?
Allergen-specific IgE testing
Percutaneous testing
Intradermal testing
Radioimmunosorbent test (RIST)
Cold agglutinin testing is targeting a defect of which immunoglobulin class?
IgE
IgM
IgG
IgA
Skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity reactions target which cell-mediated response?
mast cell infiltration
T lymphocyte infiltration
eosinophil infiltration
basophil infiltration
Detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is best performed utilizing which of the following?
Cold agglutinin testing
Direct antiglobulin test (DAT)
Interferon gamma release assay
Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)
