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Reporting Category 1: Cell Structure & Function

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 4hrs 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts ____

a)

contain their own unique ribosomes that are different than the cells

b)

contain their own unique DNA that are different than the cells

c)

are specialized organelles that capture and release energy

d)

are found in both in plants and animals

2.

Encloses the cell, it acts like a gatekeeper, allowing some materials to pass through it but not others.

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Cytoplasm

3.

Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

a)

Cell 1 is Eukaryotic, Cell 2 is Prokaryotic

b)

Cell 1 is Prokaryotic, Cell 2 is Eukaryotic

c)

Both cell 1 and cell 2 are Eukaryotic

d)

Both cell 1 and cell 2 are Prokaryotic

4.

The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules through a cell membrane.

What process is being used by the cell to move the molecules?

a)

osmosis

b)

endocytosis

c)

active transport

d)

facilitated diffusion

5.

Which process moves an ion across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient?

a)

diffusion

b)

exocytosis

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

active transport

6.

A student used a microscope to observe Elodea submerged in a solution. The student observed the cell cytoplasm pull away from the cell wall and clump together in the center of the cell.

What statement best explains why this occurred?

a)

The cell was submerged in a pure water solution

b)

The cell was submerged in a solution with a higher water concentration than the inside of the cell.

c)

The cell was submerged in a solution with an equal water concentration to the inside of the cell.

d)

The cell was submerged in a solution with a lower water concentration than the inside of the cell.

7.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
8.
Which type of cell contains a nucleus?
a)
Prokaryotic
b)
Eukaryotic
9.

Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another?

a)

The nitrogenous base

b)

The shape of the deoxyribose sugar

c)

The length of the phosphate group

d)

The type of fatty acid

10.

Which of the following biomolecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

catbohydrate

11.

Part of the cell cycle is shown in this model. This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that-

a)

duplicate the DNA

b)

completes cell division

c)

maintains genetic homeostasis

d)

synthesizes new molecules

12.

Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water. The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the_________

a)

ability to maintain homeostasis

b)

presence of ribosomes

c)

ability to reproduce

d)

presence of a nuclear membrane

13.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often infects a destroys CD4 T cells. These CD4 T cells are one of many kinds of white blood cells that are an important part of the immune system. The most common danger related to the destruction of CD4 T cells is ______.

a)

an increase in the risk of high blood pressure

b)

an increase in the threat of diseases caused by microorganisms and viruses

c)

a decrease in the flow of blood to vital organs

d)

a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transported to tissues

14.

Severe acute respiratory (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproduction cycle of the SARS virus is ____________

a)

lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus

b)

lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness

c)

lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people

d)

lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

15.

A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this period the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?

a)

The virus produces toxins that weaken the immune cells and prevent them from reproducing

b)

The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself.

c)

The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own respiration.

d)

The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune system from functioning normally.

16.

A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below. Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cells indicated by the arrow?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

17.

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

a)

Cell 1

b)

Cell 2

c)

Cell 3

d)

Cell 4

18.

From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

a)

Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.

b)

Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for the cell type.

c)

Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.

d)

Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals

19.

This diagram shows cellular activity across a cell membrane. Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?

a)

Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules

b)

Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis

c)

Transport of molecules and energy conversions

d)

Homeostasis and transport of molecules

20.
The diagram shows a container divided into two compartments by a membrane permeable to water but not to starch. Two solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved starch were placed on each side of the membrane. Which of the following describes what will happen to the water level during the process of osmosis?  
a)
The water level of both sides of the membrane will decrease 
b)
The water level on the right side of the membrane will increase 
c)
The water level on the left side of the membrane will increase
d)
The water level on both sides of the membrane will stay the same 
21.
An animal cell placed in a sugar solution is shown in the diagram. Which statement best describes how osmosis will affect this animal cell?  
a)
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink
b)
Water will move into the cell and the cell will expand 
c)
Sugar will move out of the cell and the cell will expand 
d)
Sugar will move into the cell and the cell will expand
22.
 A paramecium is shown.  This paramecium lives in an environment where water is constantly entering the organism.  The paramecium uses specialized vacuoles to pump some of the water back into the environment against a concentration gradient. Which of these processes is used to pump extra water out of the paramecium?   
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Active Transport
d)
Electron Transport
23.
A cell requires energy to move materials from an area of low concentration, across the cell membrane, to an area of high concentration.  This process is called ___. 
a)
Osmosis
b)
Active transport 
c)
Passive transport 
d)
Facilitative diffusion
24.
In active transport, carrier proteins ___.  
a)
Move substances across the cell membrane without the use of ATP.
b)
Move from low concentration to high concentration by diffusion
c)
Move small molecules through the cell membrane by osmosis 
d)
Move substances from a low concentration to high concentration through the use of energy.
25.
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in the above diagrams?   
a)
2
b)
4
c)
6
d)
8
26.
A daughter cell that resulted from a mitotic division has 24 chromosomes.  How many chromosomes did the parent cell have?   
a)
6
b)
12
c)
24
d)
48
27.
A bone cell of a goat contains 60 chromosomes.  How many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis? 
a)
15
b)
30
c)
60
d)
120
28.
The main purpose of DNA replication is to ___.  
a)
Capture sunlight
b)
Store energy in the bonds of a glucose molecule
c)
Synthesize proteins 
d)
Copy genetic information 
29.
The figures below show four processes involving DNA and RNA.  Use these figures to answer the next question. 
Which figure shows the process of replication?
a)
figure 1
b)
figure 2
c)
figure 3
d)
figure 4
30.
.  Which statement best describes the primary function of DNA replication?   
a)
To ensure daughter cells have a complete copy of the DNA
b)
To prevent mutations from occurring in cells 
c)
To provide genetic variation within specific organisms
d)
to allow prokaryotic cells to undergo meiosis
31.

Fructose is a sugar found in fruit. What type of biomolecule is fructose?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Protein

32.

What is the most obvious way to determine if a cell is a prokaryotic cell?

a)

It lacks a cell membrane.

b)

It lacks DNA.

c)

It contains mitochondria.

d)

It lacks a nucleus.

33.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve taking in and giving off gases. During photosynthesis, what gas is taken in? (reactant)

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Glucose

c)

Oxygen

d)

Water

34.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve taking in and giving off gases. During photosynthesis, what gas is released? (product)

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Glucose

c)

Oxygen

d)

Water

35.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve taking in and giving off gases. During cellular respiration, what gas is released? (product)

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Glucose

c)

Oxygen

d)

Water

36.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve taking in and giving off gases. During cellular respiration, what gas is taken in? (reactant)

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Glucose

c)

Oxygen

d)

Water

37.

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

a)

To create energy.

b)

To create sunlight.

c)

To create glucose.

d)

To remove energy.

38.

Photosynthesis requires different amounts of carbon dioxide at different levels of light intensities. At which point would cellular respiration be equal to the rate of photosynthesis?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

39.

Choose the correct statement.

a)

Glucose is the main source of energy in cellular respiration.

b)

Glucose is the main source of energy in photosynthesis.

c)

Sunlight is the main source of energy in cellular respiration.

d)

Water is the main source of energy in cellular respiration.

40.

According to the graph, enzyme B will function best at what temperature and pH level?

a)

Temperature of 75 and pH of 8

b)

Temperature of 37 and pH of 2

c)

Temperature of 75 and pH of 2

d)

Temperature of 80 and pH of 7

41.

Enzymes are specific to a substrate and the shape of the enzyme determines the enzyme's function.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Why is energy required for active transport?

a)

The particle is being transported against the concentration gradient.

b)

The particle is water, so it weighs more.

c)

The particle is waste matter that will be digested by the cell membrane.

d)

The distance is greater for this molecule so it requires energy.

43.

If molecules move across the cell membrane to create homeostasis (equilibrium), what will change the most?

a)

the shape of the molecules

b)

the temperature of the molecules

c)

the concentration of the molecules

d)

the pH level of the molecules

44.

Viruses are surrounded by a protein coat known as a

a)

Capsid

b)

Capsule

c)

Enzyme

d)

Nucleotide

45.

Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside a host cell

a)

FALSE

b)

TRUE

46.

Viruses are living organisms

a)

FALSE

b)

TRUE

47.

Viruses contain genetic material either DNA or RNA

a)

FALSE

b)

TRUE

48.
What part of a virus is the protein capsule that houses the genetic material (DNA/RNA)?
a)
tail
b)
nucleus
c)
capsid
d)
glycoprotein
49.
Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
lytic
b)
mitosis
c)
lysogenic
d)
S phase
50.
What is the first step of the virus reproduction cycle?
a)
The viruses genetic material (DNA) starts to take over the functions of the cell
b)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
c)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
d)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
51.
What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...
a)
store genetic information
b)
have chloroplasts
c)
use glucose for cellular respiration
d)
have endoplasmic reticulum
52.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
53.
Viruses are cells. 
a)
True 
b)
False
54.
What part of the virus is number 3?
a)
Capsid
b)
DNA
c)
Surface Markers
d)
Envelope
55.
What part of the virus is number 1?
a)
Capsid
b)
DNA
c)
Surface Markers
d)
Envelope
56.
What is the purpose of surface marker on a virus
a)
As defense.
b)
They provide structural support.
c)
To allow the virus to move.
d)
To attach to the host cell.
57.

The correct sequence of mitosis:

a)

metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase

b)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

c)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

d)

telophase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase

58.

Identical halves of a chromosome are called?

a)

Cousins

b)

Chromatids

c)

Centromere

d)

Centrosome

59.

Chromosomes are visible and spindle fibers start to appear

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

telophase

d)

anaphase

60.

Sister Chromatids separate from each other

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

61.

Chromosomes line along the center of the cell

a)

anaphase

b)

prophase

c)

metaphase

d)

telophase

62.

After mitosis the number of chromosomes in the newly created cells will be:

a)

Half the number of the original cell

b)

The same number as the original cell

c)

Twice as much as the original cell

63.

The division of chromosomes is called?

a)

anaphase

b)

mitosis

c)

cytokineses

d)

G0

64.

The division of the cytoplasm is called?

a)

anaphase

b)

mitosis

c)

cytokineses

d)

G0

65.

Non dividing state of the cell cycle

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

Telophase

d)

Cytokinesis

66.

Uncontrolled growth can result in:

a)

G0 phase

b)

S phase

c)

Replication

d)

Cancer

67.
Has membrane bound organelles
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
both
68.
One example of a prokaryote is a...
a)
fungus
b)
bacteria
c)
animal
d)
plant
69.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
70.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
71.
Where is the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell? 
a)
floating around in the cytoplasm 
b)
in the nucleus 
c)
in the ribosomes
d)
attached to the cell membrane
72.
Where is the DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? 
a)
floating around in the cytoplasm 
b)
in the nucleus 
73.
Which has a chloroplast?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Plant Cell
c)
Animal Cell

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