Font size
WorksheetsSpring Semester Biology Final Exam
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 2hrs 22mins
Which part of the cell controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
mitochondria
cell membrane
chloroplast
nucleus
What is diffusion?
when solute particles move from a low concentration to a high concentration
when solute particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration.
no movement
solute particles move everywhere
When both the inside and outside of a cell have the same concentration it is said that the cell has reached a state of
Osmosis
Diffusion
Equilibrium
Passive Transport
Passive transport moves molecules from...
low concentration to high concentration without the use of energy
high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy
low concentration to high concentration by using ATP
high concentration to low concentration by using ATP
Which type of Passive transport allows small nonpolar molecules to pass through the cellular membrane without the assistance of a protein?
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Carrier transport
What type of solution would cause the cell in the image on the left to bursts?
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
notonic
What type of solution would cause the cell in the image on the right to shrink?
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
notonic
____________________ embedded in the cell membrane are used for passive transport, and __________________ are used for active transport.
Aquaporins, cholesterol
Carrier proteins, channel proteins
Channel proteins, aquaporins
Channel proteins, Carrier proteins
Which of the following cellular transport methods is NOT a form of active transport?
endocytosis
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
sodium-potassium pump
What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
Passive transport requires the use of ATP, while passive does not
Passive transport follows against the concentration gradient, while active flows with it.
Active transport requires the use of ATP, while passive does not
Active transport requires the use of a channel protein, while passive does not
Which form of active transport does the Covid-19 virus enter the cell?
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
exocytosis
The cell uses endocytosis to bring in what type of substances?
substances such as sodium, potassium, water, and glucose
substances that normally use a carrier protein to flow in and out of the cell
substances too small to fit through the cell membrane
substances too large to fit through the cell membrane, or invaders such as bacteria and viruses
What type of cellular transport is used to take in a large food particle or to engulf an invader?
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
exocytosis
Which type of cellular transport is NOT passive?
facilitated diffusion
simple diffusion
osmosis
pinocytosis
Which type of solution is at equilibrium, in which the cell is at the same concentration as its surroundings?
hypertonic solution
hypotonic solution
isotonic solution
aqueous solution
A nucleotide contains all of the following, except...
Steroid
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
A five-carbon sugar
Which of the following is NOT true about RNA?
uracil is one of its nitrogenous bases
can be found in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a cell
contains deoxyribose sugar in its nucleotides
its shape is a single-stranded helix
DNA replication results in ...
2 completely new DNA molecules that do not contain original strands
2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original and a new strand
1 new DNA molecule with one new strand and one old strand
1 new molecule of DNA that contains only new strands
Put the following steps for DNA replication in the correct order:
1. Recoil the supercoiling
2. Straightens the double helix
3. Primer is set and the DNA polymerase attaches.
4. Adds Free nucleotides to each strand
5. Breaks Hydrogen bonds holding the two strands together
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3, 4, 5, 2, 1
5, 3, 2, 4, 1
2, 5, 3, 4, 1
The leading strand in DNA replication is building the following sequence. Determine its complementary sequence.
GCATTCGGA
GCATTCGGA
CGTTCGGT
CGTAAGCCT
CGATTGCCA
Where does DNA replication begin?
Polymerase action site
Replication fork
Point of Origin
In the front
Identify which of the following DNA replication parts are all matched correctly.
1 = DNA polymerase, 2 = helicase, 3 = topoisomerase, 8 = RNA polymerase
1 = single-stranded binding proteins, 2 = helicase 7 = okazaki fragments, 9 = ligase
2 = ligase, 3 = DNA polymerase, 7 = okazaki fragments, 9 = helicase
2 = topoisomerase, 5 = helicase, 6 = DNA polymerase, 9 = single-stranded binding proteins
Transcription occurs in the _________________ , which produces a ____________ strand.
nucleus, DNA
nucleus, mRNA
ribosome, protein
ribosome, tRNA
________________ is the primary enzyme used in the transcription process.
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Primase
Helicase
What does DNA replication and transcription have in common?
Thymine pairs with Adenine
Two strands are formed
RNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 5' --> 3' direction
It occurs in the nucleus
Translation occurs in the _________________ , which produces a ____________ strand.
nucleus, tRNA
nucleus, mRNA
ribosome, protein
ribosome, mRNA
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
Anticodon
Codon
Protein
Ribosome
The function of ______ is to form the composition of ribosomes.
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
DNA
If the codon sequence within an mRNA strand is GCA, which tRNA anticodon will pair to this codon, and which amino acid will it bring?
CGU, Ala
CGU, Arg
GCA, Ala
GCA, Arg
Translate the following DNA sequence into its corresponding amino acid. ATG CCC ATT
Met - Pro - Ile
Met - Gly - Stop
Tyr -Gly - Stop
Tyr - Pro - Ile
These are the building blocks of a protein.
Amino Acids
Peptide Bonds
Ribose
Nucleotides
Which of the following codons do all polypeptide chains begin with?
AUG
UAA
UAG
UGA
What causes translation to end?
when the mRNA runs out of nucleotides to translate
when there are no more amino acids available in the nearby cytoplasm
when the mRNA strand hits a stop codon
when the mRNA strand contains the amino acid methionine
Which component in the cell stores the information for making proteins?
ribosome
gene
mitochondria
rRNA
Determine the amino acid chain for the following DNA gene strand from initiation to termination.
ATACGCCAGCACTT
Try - Ala - Val - Val - AA
Ile - Arg - Gln - His - Stop
Met - Arg - Ser - Stop
Met - Try - Ala - Val - Stop
Name the mutation that happens when an extra base has been added to the sequence of bases.
Substitution
Deletion
Inversion
Insertion
Why are insertion and deletion mutations considered more damaging than a substitution?
Insertions and deletions always cause a protein to end early.
Deletions and insertions can cause a frameshift, which codes for all new amino acids
A substitution causes a frameshift, which only changes one amino acid
A substitution never changes the amino acid sequence.
Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of the cell cycle from start to finish?
prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis, telophase
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
interphase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase, cytokinesis, telophase
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase, cytokinesis, interphase
What type of cells cannot control their growth?
Skin cells
Sex cells
Cancer cells
Blood cells
Human body cells have ______ chromosomes, and their gamete cells have _____ chromosomes.
23, 46
46, 23
23, 23
46, 46
The sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated (come apart) and move to opposite ends of the cell. Name this mitosis phase.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane start to disappear, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and spindle fibers start to form. Name that Mitosis phase!
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
What is the correct order for the images pictured in the cell cycle?
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2, 3, 5, 1, 4
3, 2, 5, 1, 4
2, 5, 4, 1, 3
The chromosomes start to line up in the middle of the cell. Name this mitosis phase.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
_______________ is the process of the cytoplasm dividing between the cells splitting the cell into two.
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Prophase
Telokinesis
Which is true regarding both mitosis and meiosis?
They both only happen in animal cells
They both produce gamete cells
They both start with a diploid cell
They both occur produce somatic cells
DNA that is compacted into uncoiled, thin strands is called ____________________.
chromatin
centrosome
chromatid
histones
What are the set of microtubules that appear during prophase for the spindle fibers to attach to?
centrosomes
chromosomes
centromeres
centrioles
Homologous chromosomes move towards opposite poles of a dividing cell during...
Anaphase I of meiosis
Anaphase II of meiosis
Anaphase of mitosis
none of these
Which of the following best describe the term “crossing over”?
A molecular interaction between two non-sister chromatids
An exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes
A molecular interaction between two sister chromatids
A separation of two sister chromatids
If the diploid number in a liver cell of an organism is 50, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism?
25
50
100
200
Which phase of meiosis is pictured?
anaphase I
anaphase II
telophase I
telophase II
Liver and skin cells are _________, while sperm and egg cells are __________.
haploid, diploid
diploid, haploid
haploid, haploid
diploid, diploid
Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?
Growth
Cellular functions
DNA replication
DNA condenses into chromosomes
What phase of meiosis is shown here?
With mitosis you get ___, _________ cells, but with meiosis, you get ___, ____________ cells.
What phase of meiosis is shown here?
_______________ is considered the "Father of Genetics" and studied the genetic crossing of a ____________.
Gregor Mendel, snapdragon
Gregor Mendel, pea plant
Aristotle, snapdragon
Aristotle, pea plant
Which of the following is NOT one of Gregor Mendel's Principles?
Principle of Independent Assortment
Principle Dominance and Recessiveness
Principle of Design
Principle of Segregation
What is the relationship between an allele and a gene on a chromosome?
Genes are the alternative forms of an allele that can cause varied expressions of traits.
Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that can cause varied expressions of traits.
Genes are the expression of physical traits, whereas alleles are the expression of sexual traits.
There is one allele coded within every gene on each chromosome.
Dominant alleles are expressed with a __________ letter, and recessive alleles are expressed with a _________ letter.
uppercase, uppercase
lowercase, lowercase
uppercase, lowercase
lowercase, uppercase
_______________ is the genetic code of a trait, while the _______________ is the physical expression of that trait.
genotype, phenotype
phenotype, genotype
genotype, gene
phenotype, allele
Which of the following genotypes expresses a Homozygous Dominant trait?
Hh
gg
Rr
WW
Which of the following genotypes represents a Heterozygous trait?
TT
Dd
WW
pp
Which of the following traits represents a Homozygous Recessive trait?
Ww
PP
ff
CC
What is a diagram used in predicting probabilities of a genetic cross?
Square Crossing
Probability Square
Punnett Crossing
Punnett Square
______________ is a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele.
Homozygous Dominant
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Recessive Dominance
Which of the following is an example of codominance?
A black coated dog and a white coated dog produce a black and white speckled dog.
A brown hamster and a white hamster produce a brown hamster.
A curly haired woman and a straight haired male produce a wavy haired child.
A blue fish and a red fish produce a red fish.
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
A black coated dog and a white coated dog produce a black and white speckled dog.
A brown hamster and a white hamster produce a brown hamster.
A curly haired woman and a straight haired male produce a wavy haired child.
A blue fish and a red fish produce a blue and red speckled fish.
____________ is a trait controlled by two or more genes
polygenic trait
multiple alleles
codominance
multiple trait
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polygenic trait?
height
hair color
skin color
widow's peak
Which of the following examples describes the relationship of phenotypes and multiple alleles correctly.
If a person has dark hair, they will most likely also have curly hair and dark skin tone too.
Nobody in my immediate family are the exact same height.
Humans can have A, B, AB, or O type blood.
A dark toned father and a light skinned mother had four children, all with different skin tones.
Some genetic traits are passed down on the X chromosome. Explain why it is more likely for a male to express a recessive trait linked to the X chromosome, rather than a female.
Males have a Y chromosome, which enhances their ability to physically express recessive alleles
Males only have one X chromosome, so it only takes one recessive allele to express that phenotype.
Because women have two X chromosomes, their X genes always contain dominant alleles
The hormones in males cause recessive gene expression on the X chromosome.
Cows express codominance in their coat color. If a brown cow, BB, and a speckled brown and white cow, BW, cross with each other, what are the possible phenotypes for their offspring?
brown, white, or speckled
brown only
brown or speckled
speckled only
In humans, there are four types of blood a person can receive: A, B, AB, or O. Type O is considered recessive. What is the probability of a child with type B blood, if one parent has AB blood and another parent is heterozygous for Type B blood, BO.
25%
50%
75%
100%
Long whiskers, W, are dominant to short whiskers, w. If two heterozygous cats have kittens, what percent of the kittens will have long whiskers?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Which of the following Kingdoms are ONLY autotrophic?
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Which of the following Kingdoms are ONLY heterotrophic?
Bacteria and Protista
Protista and Fungi
Fungi and Bacteria
Animalia and Fungi
What is another term that autotrophs are called?
heterotrophs
consumers
herbivores
producers
What is a heterotroph?
An organism who makes its own food
An organism who consumes other organisms
An organism who does not need food
An organism who both consumes and produces food.
Which choice shows the correct order of the levels of environmental organization?
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere, community
organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
population, ecosystem, biosphere, organism, community
cactus, snake, coyote, sagebrush, and hare are all examples of _______ within an ecosystem.
consumers
abiotic factors
biotic factors
producers
All the individuals of one species in a given area is called a ______________. A herd of zebras would be an example.
Population
Community
Non-living
Organism
An _____________ is an interwoven system of biotic and abiotic factors.
Species
Ecosystem
Microscope
Zoo
What is an adaptation?
A trait that increases the fitness of an organism.
A trait that an organism acquires without genetic influence.
A choice made by humans about what organisms breed for advantageous traits.
Physiological
Structural
Behavioral
Physiological
Structural
Behavioral
Which biome does the polar bear live in?
Grasslands
Taiga
Tundra
Decidious Forest
Which of the following is a salt water biome?
Lakes
Rivers
Ponds
Estuaries
A person who eats a chicken that ate grain is a ...
primary producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
quaternary consumer
Which of these organisms would receive energy from the snake?
Plant
Rabbit
Mouse
Hawk
