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8th Grade Sem 2 EOC

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 3hrs 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What do you call similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Analogous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

Homologous Structure

2.

What do you call a characteristic that allows an organism to survive in an environment?

a)

variation

b)

adaptation

c)

selection

d)

overproduction

3.

Select ALL that show evidence of evolution.

a)

DNA

b)

mutations

c)

fossils

d)

skeletal structures

4.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
5.
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring? 
a)
Evolution 
b)
Variation 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection 
6.
The white feathers of a snowy owl allow it to blend in with its environment during the winter months (snow). This is an example of ________________
a)
Species
b)
Environmental Change
c)
Adaptation
d)
Variation
7.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
8.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
9.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
10.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
11.
According to the diagram, which organism is older?
a)
ammonite
b)
coral
c)
gastropod
d)
trilobite
12.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
13.
If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?
a)
species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor
b)
species A evolved independently of species B for a long period
c)
species A is younger than species B
d)
species A is older than species B
14.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 
a)
diversity.
b)
evolution
c)
adaptation
d)
 fitness
15.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
16.
Farmers breed cows to produce high amounts of milk. This is an example of...
a)
Natural Selection 
b)
Variations in a species 
c)
Selective Breeding 
d)
inbreeding
17.
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
a)
natural selection
b)
inheritance
c)
artificial selection
d)
descent withOUT modification
18.
What would indicate that a series of fossils represent evolution?
a)
the fossils were identical
b)
the fossils were found in the same layers of rock
c)
the fossils show similarities
d)
the fossils were completely different
19.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
20.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
21.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
22.
A long chain of amino acids is a/an
a)
protein
b)
nucleic acid
c)
tRNA
d)
mRNA
23.

DNA holds the code for making

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

sugars

24.
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
25.
When an extra base is inserted into the DNA sequence of a gene, the protein doesn't work. Which explains why?
a)
the base increases rate of translation
b)
the base causes DNA to be transcribed in opposite direction
c)
the inserted base causes the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein
d)
the base signals enzymes to translate DNA rather than RNA
26.
One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. The disease is a result of 
a)
a mutation
b)
crossing-over
c)
a meiosis error
d)
polyploidy
27.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
28.

What do all waves transfer?

a)

Matter

b)

Heat

c)

Electricity

d)

Energy

29.

What is the number of complete waves passing a fixed point in a given amount of time?

a)

Amplitude

b)

Intensity

c)

Wavelength

d)

Frequency

30.

What is the distance between the calm sea and the highest wave called?

a)

Wave

b)

Frequency

c)

Amplitude

d)

Magnitude

31.

What does #1 represent?

a)

Period

b)

Frequency

c)

Wavelength

d)

Amplitude

32.

What does #2 represent?

a)

Period

b)

Frequency

c)

Wavelength

d)

Amplitude

33.
The material through which a wave travel 
a)
trough
b)
medium
c)
crest
d)
vibration
34.
Defined as the ability to do work
a)
waves
b)
force
c)
motion
d)
energy
35.
a)
Reflection
b)
Refraction
36.
a)
Refraction
b)
Reflection
37.
a)
Constructive Interference
b)
Destructive Interference
38.
The highest point on a wave is:
a)
the crest
b)
the trough
c)
the top
d)
the coast 
39.
What do waves carry from place to place?
a)
Energy, but not matter or particles
b)
Energy and matter or particles
c)
Matter or particles but not energy
d)
Neither energy nor matter or particles
40.
What two factors effect the amount of energy a wave has?
a)
Frequency and wavelength
b)
Frequency and amplitude
c)
Amplitude and rest
d)
Wavelength and crest
41.

You can't hear sounds in outer space because there is no

a)

medium

b)

light

c)

energy

d)

heat

42.

If you increase the energy put into a wave how will the change the wave?

a)

Change the crest

b)

Change the trough

c)

Change the type of wave

d)

Change the frequency

43.
The loudness of the sound depends on
a)
wavelength
b)
amplitude
c)
frequency
44.
When light hits a black object, like the one in the picture, what will happen to the different colors?
a)
All colors of light will bounce off
b)
All colors of light pass through it
c)
All colors of light will be absorbed
d)
None of the above
45.
Low Amplitude = ______________
a)
Quieter Sounds
b)
Louder sounds
46.
High Amplitude =__________________
a)
Louder sounds
b)
Quieter Sounds
47.

If you double the energy of a wave, which 2 parts of the wave will double as well?

a)

The Frequency

b)

The amplitude

c)

The wave length

d)

the medium

48.
Why is the Equator warmest?
a)
Because it is closest to the sun.
b)
Because it receives the most direct sunlight
c)
Because no clouds form here.
d)
Because it is far from the sun
49.
What are the reasons for the season?
a)
Earth's tilt & rotation
b)
Earth's tilt & revolution
c)
Earth's rotation & size
d)
Earth's tilt & resolution
50.
What happens when the area in which you live tilts away from the sun?
a)
It is summer.
b)
It is spring.
c)
It is winter.
d)
It is fall.
51.
What does the earth's tilt cause?
a)
The seasons
b)
Day and Night
c)
Tsunamis
d)
Earthquakes
52.

Based on the diagram, which season would the northern hemisphere be experiencing?

a)

Winter

b)

Spring

c)

Summer

d)

Fall

53.

True or false: The diagram represents summer in the northern hemisphere.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

What happens when the area in which you live tilts toward the sun?

a)
It is summer.
b)
It is spring.
c)
It is winter.
d)
It is fall.
55.

What is a good argument for genetically modifying animals?

a)

Produce more meat

b)

Figure out how to make Spiderman

c)

Modifying your kids to make them more awesome

d)

New genes are needed to create new species

56.

1. The process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics is called

a)

natural selection

b)

Artificial selection

c)

random selection

d)

genetic manipulation

57.

Which statement is true comparing natural selection and artificial selection?

a)

In natural selection, traits benefit humans and in artificial selection, the traits benefit the species

b)

In natural selection, traits benefit the species and in artificial selection, the traits benefit humans

c)

In natural and artificial selection, the process takes hundreds of years to occur

d)

In natural and artificial selection, nature determines what traits will be passed down to offspring.

58.

Artificial Selection decreases diversity which is bad because

a)

organisms with same traits will refuse to reproduce with each other

b)

organisms with all the same traits are susceptible to extinction.

c)

organisms with the same traits will be very aggressive

d)

organisms with same traits collectively get smarter and will some day rule the world

59.

When scientists see similarities between a hippopotamus embryo and a rabbit embryo, this suggests:

a)

Rabbits evolved from hippopotamus.

b)

Hippopotamus share a common ancestor with rabbits.

c)

Hippopotamus evolved from rabbits.

d)

Hippopotamus and rabbits share the same traits.

60.

How does embryology support the Theory of Evolution?

a)

It shows that embryos who develop similarly share a common ancestor

b)

It shows that embryos who develop similarly are not related to one another

c)

It shows that organisms have the ability to evolve, or change, over time

61.

The variety of genes and alleles that exist in organisms

a)

independent assortment

b)

chromosomal abnormalities

c)

genetic diversity

d)

mutations

62.
Most adaptations that help an organism survive are passed on from parent to child as ___traits?
a)
adaptable
b)
physical
c)
more
d)
inherited
63.

_______________ is a form of an inherited characteristic. Ex. The shape of a chicken’s comb is an inherited trait.

a)

trait

b)

stimulus

c)

response

64.

The probability of an organism surviving and reproducing

a)

Variation

b)

Species

c)

Fitness

d)

Gene

65.

What advantage do organisms that reproduce sexually have or organisms that reproduce asexually?

a)

Organisms that reproduce sexually can reproduce faster

b)

Organisms that reproduce sexually don't need a mate

c)

Organisms that reproduce sexually have a better chance of survival if the environment changes

d)

Organisms that reproduce sexually are exactly like their parents.

66.

___________ reproduction happens when sex cells from both parents join.

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

c)

Binary fission

d)

Budding

67.

Amoebas, hydras, and yeast reproduce asexually so

a)

offspring is exactly like their parents

b)

offspring is not like either parent

c)

offspring take a long time to be born

d)

offspring will survive if something wipes their parent out

68.

If a chicken farmer wanted to increase hens that produce more eggs, he would

a)

feed the hens more

b)

give hens more antibiotics

c)

breed hens that produce more eggs than other hens

d)

keep the rooster away

69.

1. What are renewable resources?

a)

. Resources that are used faster than they form

b)

resources that can replenish themselves over time

c)

resources that formed over millions of years

d)

resources that exist only in rural areas

70.

According to the graph, what material’s recycling would reduce the largest portion of America’s trash?

a)

Metals

b)

paper

c)

plastics

d)

Yard trimmings

71.

1. Why has Earth's human carrying capacity increased greatly?

a)

Other organisms have been displaced by agriculture, so there is more space for humans.

b)

Humans have modified their environment due to technological advances.

c)

Humans can live closer together than other animals

d)

Humans are now eating fewer plants than they used to.

72.

1. Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

a)

coal

b)

wind energy

c)

solar energy

d)

water

73.

1. What factor does not determine the size of an individual's ecological footprint?

a)

amount and efficiency of resource use

b)

amount of waste produced

c)

size of population

d)

toxicity of waste produced

74.
What is biodiversity?
a)
a population of a species 
b)
the growth of cities
c)
destruction of natural habitats
d)
a variety of organisms 
75.
Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would:
a)
increase the mutation rate in plants
b)
cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects
c)
reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems
d)
decrease the space and resources available to other organisms
76.
After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic blood-flukeinfection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that:
a)
the influence of humans on a natural system is always negative in the long term
b)
the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts
c)
human alteration of an ecosystem does not need to be studied to avoid ecological disaster
d)
human alteration of an ecosystem will cause pollution and loss of finite resources

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