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LE Regents State Labs Review

Total questions: 78

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

In this investigation, the independent variable is the

a)

control

b)

exercise

c)

rate of squeezing

d)

number of participants

2.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

Muscle fatigue occurs during this activity when

a)

carbon dioxide is used up in the muscle cells

b)

simple sugar is converted to starch in the muscle cells

c)

proteins accumulate in mitochondria in the muscle cells

d)

certain waste products collect in the muscle cells

3.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

The experimental results could be made more valid by

a)

increasing the number of students

b)

using safety precautions

c)

using a plastic clothespin

d)

making a bar graph of the data


4.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

The dependent variable for this experiment is the

a)

time the student was squeezing the clothespin

b)

number of times the student was able to squeeze the clothespin

c)

strength of the student

d)

length of the clothespin

5.

A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn’t continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to

a)

the heart beating too fast and tiring out

b)

the lungs accumulating oxygen

c)

lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles

d)

lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles

6.

A student hypothesized that watching sports on television would cause viewers’ pulse rates to increase. She designed an experiment to determine the effect of watching sports on pulse rate. A group of 200 volunteers took their pulse rates and then watched their favorite sports on television. After the games, they immediately took their pulse rates again. The data collected showed that the pulse rates of some people increased, but the pulse rates of an equal number of people did not change. Although the hypothesis was not supported by the data, the hypothesis is still valuable because it

a)

may lead to further investigation

b)

can be changed to fit the data

c)

is the opinion of the experimenter

d)

is based on beliefs of the volunteers

7.

If a control group is not included in an experiment, it would be difficult to

a)

formulate a hypothesis for the experiment

b)

make observations about the experimental group

c)

record data in a data table

d)

draw a valid conclusion

8.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of activity on pulse rate. Data were collected and recorded in the table shown.

Which activity most likely corresponds to the pulse rate of the person while sleeping?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

9.

Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph.


Which statement is best supported by the graph?

a)

Before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65; four minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

b)

After four minutes of exercising, the average pulse rate was 120; two minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 120.

c)

While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150; before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

d)

Two minutes before exercising, the average pulse rate was 80; after two minutes of exercise, the average pulse rate was 140

10.

Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph.


Students in a different science class carried out the same experiment. The data they obtained did not support the hypothesis that increased exercise results in increased heart rate. The most scientifically sound way to deal with this situation is to

a)

write a new hypothesis

b)

read about pulse rate in a biology textbook

c)

have the students in both classes vote to decide which hypothesis is correct

d)

ask students in a third class to do the experiment and see if their results support the hypothesis

11.

A class is recording pulse rates of the students in a data table like the one shown.

One student checks his pulse and counts 23 beats over a time interval of 20 seconds. In which row in the data table should the pulse rate of this student be recorded?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

12.

An athlete bought a sport gel food and wanted to test it to see if it contained fats, starches, and glucose. The tests that the student used are shown in the table below.

If a starch-digesting enzyme were added to a sports gel that lists starch as an ingredient, which substance would increase in concentration?

a)

fat

b)

glucose

c)

amino acids

d)

water

13.

During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person's breathing and heart rates increase. This enables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to

a)

remove waste products faster

b)

store excess glucose in muscles

c)

reduce the amount of ATP produced

d)

convert more oxygen to glucose

14.

In the lab activity Making Connections, an experiment was designed to test the effect of exercise on the ability to squeeze a clothespin. The number of times the clothespin was squeezed served as the

a)

independent variable

b)

dependent variable

c)

hypothesis

d)

control

15.

A person's pulse rate generally goes down while sleeping. One reason for this decrease is

a)

the body is producing more carbon dioxide when a person is sleeping

b)

a person is not using energy while sleeping

c)

a person requires less oxygen when sleeping

d)

the body is using more nutrients while asleep

16.

The diagram below represents one of many microscopic air sacs in a human lung. The alveolus (air sac) is the place where oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) move into or out of the blood, as represented in the diagram.

Which statement best explains why these gases are able to move in the directions shown in the diagram?

a)

The CO2 moves out of the capillary and into the alveolus to make more room for the blood to carry O2.

b)

The O2 is needed by the cells, so it is actively transported into the blood. The CO2, which is not needed, is actively transported out of the blood.

c)

The blood coming to the lungs is low in CO2 and high in O2, so the gases each diffuse from a lower to a higher concentration in this area.

d)

The blood coming to the lungs is high in CO2 and low in O2, so the gases each diffuse from a higher to a lower concentration in this area.

17.

Identify the cellular structure that diffusion occurs across.

a)

ribosome

b)

mitochondria

c)

cytoplasm

d)

cell membrane

e)

chloroplast

18.

Describe diffusion:

a)

the movement of molecules higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

b)

the synthesis of molecules higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

c)

the movement of molecules lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

d)

the synthesis of molecules lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

19.

Identify the substance/molecule that will not diffuse.

a)

Starch

b)

Glucose

c)

Iodine

20.

Identify the substance(s)/molecule(s) that will diffuse.

a)

Starch

b)

Glucose

c)

Iodine

21.

Select the four organic macromolecules.

a)

nucleic acids

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

amino acids

e)

carbohydrates

22.

Select the four organic building blocks.

a)

amino acids

b)

fatty acids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

nucleotide bases

e)

simple sugars

23.

Identify the substance that was added to the outside of the plant cells that caused the change observed.

a)

salt water

b)

fresh water

c)

distilled water

d)

glucose

24.

Identify the substance that was added to the outside of this cell that caused the change observed.

a)

salt water

b)

fresh water

c)

distilled water

d)

glucose

25.

Identify which molecule is diffusing into the cell.

a)

A

b)

B

26.

Molecule A cannot diffuse. What is a possible reason why?

a)

Molecule A is a macromolecule and it is too large to move.

b)

Molecule A is a building block and it is too large to move.

c)

Molecule A is a building block and it is too small to move.

d)

Molecule A is a macromole and it is too small to move.

27.

The following image shows a plant cell in a normal environment. Which picture shows what a plant cell would like if salt was added to the outside?

a)
b)
28.

Which choice accurately describes what happened in steps A and B?

a)

Step A added saltwater so the water diffused out. Step B added freshwater so water diffused in.

b)

Step A added saltwater so the water diffused in. Step B added freshwater so water diffused out.

c)

Step A added freshwater so the water diffused in. Step B added saltwater so water diffused out.

d)

Step A added freshwater so the water diffused out. Step B added saltwater so water diffused in.

29.

What is the starch indicator?

a)

Iodine

b)

Bromothymol Blue

c)

Benedict's Solution

d)

Glucose

30.

What color does the starch indicator turn when it comes in contact with starch?

a)

blue-black

b)

blue

c)

orange-red

d)

yellow

31.

A model cell setup is represented in the "Initial State" diagram below.

Which diagram indicates the area where each of these substances would be located after 20 minutes?

a)
b)
c)
d)
32.

A starch solution in a test tube was separated from the water in a beaker by a dialysis membrane. One hour later, it was observed that the liquid had risen in the test tube.

If a starch indicator solution was initially added to the water in the beaker, describe one observation that would be made after one hour.

a)

The tube would start to bubble

b)

The starch solution would change color

c)

The temperature of the solution would decrease

d)

The water would change color

33.

Molecules A and B are commonly found in plant cells. When tested, it was discovered that molecule A quickly passed through the artificial plant cell membrane. Molecule B did not pass through.

The locations of molecules A and B at the beginning of the experiment are shown. Which statement best describes what was observed when the setup was examined 20 minutes later?

a)

Molecule A remained inside the artificial cell and molecule B remained outside

b)

Only molecule A was found both inside and outside the artificial cell.

c)

Only molecule B was found both inside and outside the artificial cell.

d)

Both molecules A and B were found inside and outside the artificial cell.

34.

The diagram represents a sugar cube being dropped into an undisturbed beaker of water at room temperature. One sugar molecule is labeled.

Which diagram below represents the distribution of sugar molecules in the water a day later?

a)
b)
c)
d)
35.

The diagram represents red blood cells placed in three test tubes, each containing a different salt solution.

Which solution would be most similar in concentration to the normal internal environment of the human circulatory system?

a)

solution A, only

b)

solution B, only

c)

solutions A and B

d)

solutions A and C

36.
High biodiversity is 
a)
having a lot of the same organism.
b)
having a few of the same organism.
c)
having a lot of variety of different organisms.
d)
only having one of each organism. 
37.

Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different finch species, A , B , and C . In order to do this, they examined the physical characteristics and DNA of these species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram. Which statement best describes the method used above to determine the evolutionary relationships between three species of finches?

a)

Examine the structure of the beaks and compare them.

b)

Observe behavioral and physical characteristics of all the finches and group them by similarities.

c)

Obtain molecular evidence from all three species and identify similarities.

d)

Compare common ancestors of all three of the species to see if they are the same.

38.

Which chemicals are used to cut DNA into fragments for a gel electrophoresis procedure?

a)

molecular bases

b)

enzymes

c)

hormones

d)

ATP molecules

39.

A laboratory setup that can be used to provide information about relationships between four plant species is represented below. This setup is part of the technique known as

a)

electrophoresis

b)

biological staining

c)

dissection

d)

chromatograph

40.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
41.
Protein sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest a 
a)
coincidence
b)
lack of evolutionary relationship
c)
great number of mutations
d)
shared ancestry
42.
If I wanted to look at DNA to study evolution, I am using what evidence?
a)
comparative anatomy
b)
embryology
c)
fossil record
d)
molecular
43.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
44.

Which evidence should receive the most emphasis when determining the relatedness?

a)

genetic sequence

b)

the presence of an enzyme

c)

plant pigments

d)

structural characteristics of the stems

45.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
a)
helps cut DNA
b)
count the genes in DNA
c)
separates DNA based on size
d)
allows for an exact replicated organism
46.
Which DNA fragment bands move faster and farther in a gel electrophoresis? 
a)
there is no way to tell 
b)
the largest ones
c)
the smallest ones
d)
none of these
47.
Which two bat species are most closely related?
a)
 Bat 1 and Bat 2
b)
Bat 1 and Bat 3
c)
Bat 2 and Bat 3
d)
There’s no way to tell
48.
Solution that shows the presence of certain substances
a)
Benedicts
b)
Lugols
c)
Indicator
d)
Solution
49.

What human activities could cause Botana curus to become extinct? (Choose all that apply)

a)

destruction of natural habitat

b)

pollution

c)

introduction of foreign species that compete with native species

d)

removal of predators

e)

planting more Botana curus

50.

Why is it important to preserve Botana curus? (Choose all that apply)

a)

We could lose the source of the genetic material if it becomes extinct

b)

The extinction of this species could lead to the extinction of another species

c)

It could be used for other medicinal properties

d)

The local people will have no plants to eat

e)

It will make the environment look like a desert

51.

a student added an enzyme to test a tube containing a sample of DNA. After a period of time, analysis of the DNA sample indicated it was now broken into three segments. The purpose of the enzyme was most likely to

a)

cut the DNA at a specific location

b)

Move the DNA to a different organism

c)

Copy the DNA for protein synthesis

d)

alter the DNA sequence in the segment

52.

Which technique could be used to determine the relative number of bases in fragments taken from a sample of DNA?

a)

electrophoresis

b)

cloning

c)

paper chromatography

d)

light microscophy

53.
a)

gel electrophoresis

b)

gene therapy

c)

chi squared test

d)

electron microscope

54.
a)

they have the correct child child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father

b)

they have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match of that either parent

c)

they have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother

d)

they have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents

55.

paper chromography is a method used in

a)

seperating mixtures of plant pigments

b)

comparing the shapes of plant levels

c)

comparing habitats of different plants

d)

seperating individual DNA fragment of plants

56.

The base pairs for DNA are

a)

A-T

T-C

G-C

A-U

b)

C-G

G-U

T-A

A-T

c)

T-A

A-T

C-G

G-C

d)

A-U

T-A

C-G

G-C

57.

Which data is not molecular data?

a)

DNA

b)

Enzymes

c)

Amino Acid Sequence

d)

Flower shape

58.

Why would scientists want to find other plants similar to an important medicinal plant?

a)

The important plant is very slow growing

b)

There are very few specimans of the important plant

c)

There is high demand for the important plant

d)

All of these could be true

59.
According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce? 
a)
Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
b)
Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are. 
c)
Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
d)
Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment. 
60.
The illustration below shows an insect resting on some green leaves. 
 The size, shape, and green color of this insect are adaptations that would most likely help the insect to 
a)
compete successfully with all birds 
b)
make its own food
c)
hide from predators
d)
avoid toxic waste materials 
61.
Base your answer(s) to question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows the heads of four different species of Galapagos Islands finches. 
 The four different types of beaks shown are most likely the result of 
a)
gene manipulation 
b)
natural selection 
c)
unchanging environmental conditions 
d)
patterns of behavior learned from parents 
62.
Which characteristic is necessary for natural selection to occur in a species? 
a)
stability 
b)
variation 
c)
complex cellular organization 
d)
a very low mutation rate 
63.
 Which two processes result in variations that commonly influence the evolution of sexually reproducing species? 
a)
mutation and genetic recombination 
b)
mitosis and natural selection 
c)
extinction and gene replacement 
d)
environmental selection and selective breeding 
64.
In members of a bird species living on a remote island, the greatest number of beak variations in the population would most likely be found when 
a)
there is a high level of competition for limited resources 
b)
homeostasis is limited by a severe climate 
c)
they have a large and varied food supply 
d)
they are prey for a large number of predators 
65.
The different tools used during the beaks of finches lab represented 
a)
feeding adaptations in finches 
b)
nest construction adaptations 
c)
variations in seed size 
d)
variations in ecosystems 
66.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) 8. on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
 Several of the Galapagos Islands are inhabited by grasshoppers, beetles, flies, bees, and butterflies. Finches that feed on these consumers would have beaks adapted for 
a)
probing, only 
b)
probing or grasping 
c)
crushing or probing 
d)
parrotlike feeding or grasping 
67.
"Survival of the Fittest" describes which theory
a)
a) natural selection
b)
b) gravity
c)
c) heredity
d)
d) string theory
68.
Which process produced the two different types of beaks in the ground finch and the tree finch?
a)
artificial selection
b)
geographical distribution
c)
natural selection
d)
disuse of the beak
69.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
70.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
71.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
72.
All of these finches have different shaped beaks, they are an adaptation to gain access of 
a)
Water
b)
Food
c)
Shelter
73.
How did different beak sizes first arise?
a)
They arose because of their need to be able to eat different food.
b)
The arose by chance (random mutation).
c)
The environment made the change happen.
d)
The finches beaks changed a little at a time each generation.
74.
Individuals in a population have to compete for resources.
a)
Species
b)
Variation
c)
Mutation
d)
Competition
75.
What did the beak type of finches on different islands tell Darwin?
a)
Finch populations evolved over time to favor beaks based on food type
b)
Finch populations had not evolved over time
c)
The finch beaks had no relationship to the available food on the islands
d)
Humans artificially selected finches based on their desired beak type
76.
What do we call traits that increase an individual's chance to survive and reproduce?
a)
Maladaptations
b)
Adaption
c)
Variations
d)
Adaptations
77.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
 Which two finches would compete the least for food? 
a)
small ground finch and large ground finch 
b)
large ground finch and sharp-billed ground finch 
c)
small tree finch and medium ground finch 
d)
vegetarian finch and small ground finch 
78.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram below represents the relationship between beak structure and food in several species of finches in the Galapagos Islands. 
 Which factor most directly influenced the evolution of the diverse types of beaks of these finches? 
a)
predation by humans 
b)
available food sources 
c)
oceanic storms 
d)
lack of available niches 

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