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WorksheetsMedical Electronics Chapter (2)
Total questions: 81
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
Neurons are specialized to receive, conduct and transmit
electrochemical signals
action potentials
electrical signals
chemical signals
What part of a neuron is sometimes myelinated?
dendrite
axon
soma
axon hillock
Most of a neuron’s DNA is contained within its
cytoplasm
axon
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
An adult brain contains roughly how many neurons?
10 million
10 billion
100 million
100 billion
A membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between
potassium and sodium ions
he inside and outside of the cell
phosphoric acid and glycolipid layers
resting and action potentials
A neuron fires when
depolarization at the axon hillock exceeds the threshold for excitation
there is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
. hyperpolarization occurs at the axon hillock
neurotransmitters dock onto receptor proteins
The end of the rising phase of an action potential occurs when the
potassium channels close
sodium channels close
potassium channels open
chloride channels open
Neurotransmitters are often stored in
synaptic buttons
microtubules
vesicles
endoplasmic reticulum
Interactions between neurons commonly occur across junctions called
synapses
juxtapositions
presynaptic membranes
postsynaptic membranes
Neurotransmitter release occurs through the process of
excitation
exocytosis
pinocytosis
synthesis
Once released, neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by
entering the postsynaptic neuron
attaching to vesicles
binding to presynaptic receptors
binding to postsynaptic receptors
After release, most neurotransmitters are deactivated by
reuptake
postsynaptic receptors
enzymes
buffered diffusion
Before placing the electrodes the skin should be
Dry
wet
hairy
oily
Electrodes make a transfer from the ……… in the tissue to the electronic conduction which is necessary to make measurements.
electronic conduction
ionic conduction
electric conduction
impulsive conduction
Deep-seated electrodes indicates the electric potential difference arising ……. the living tissues or cells.
inside
outside
around
adjacent
Impedance pneumography is a commonly-used technique to monitor a person’s
respiration rate
heart rate
pulse rate
skin impedance
Electrode paste
increases contact impedance
equates contact impedance
reduces contact impedance
absorbs contact impedance
Needle electrode is used to measure
EKG
EEG
EMG
EOG
Which of these has the highest permeability in a resting nerve cell?
Cl−
Na+
k+
H+
From equipment point of view, the respiratory system in the human body is a …… system.
hydraulic
pneumatic
mechanical
electrical
Which of the following metal is preferred for manufacturing micro electrodes?
Stainless steel
Tungsten
Iron
Copper
….....….. are devices which convert one form of energy into another.
transducers
electrodes
impulses
opamp
Ag-AgCl electrodes are
polarized
non-polarized
partially polarized
cannot be said
Platinum electrode
polarized
non-polarized
partially polarized
cannot be said
Which of the following is a preferred electrode for measuring EMG?
Surface electrodes
Needle electrodes
Pre jelled electrodes
Scalp electrodes
From instruments point of view ,the heart is a …… system
hydraulic
pneumatic
mechanical
electrical
Which type of electrodes are employed to study the electrical activities of individual cells
milli-electrodes
surface electrodes
micro- electrodes
pre-jelled electrodes
What does 'F' in the Nernst equation refer to
To the cell potential
To the number of moles of electrons
the ideal gas constant
To Faraday's constant
A nerve impulse jumps from one ……. to another during conduction
Node of Ranvier
Synapse
Axon
Myelin sheath
Using the Nernst equation calculate the Ek+ if the intracellular concentration is 410 mmol/l and the extracellular is 22mmol/l assuming that the temperature is 20o C.
+69
-74
+54
- 79
What would the units be for the product from the Nernst equation? a
Ion/Sec
Amp
Coulombs
mV
The Nernest potential for a certain single valence ion is 45 mv. Assuming the temperature is 25 o C. Find the ratio of the concentration of this ion
5.77
4.21
20
11
Which of the following is a rare type of sensory neuron that is found in special sensory structures like the retina of the eye?
multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
pseudounipolar
All motor neurons are...
interneurons
bipolar
multipolar
unipolar
What name is given to the cells in the nervous system that produce nerve impulses?
neurotransmitters
nerves
neurons
neuroglia
Which neurons are unipolar?
neurons in the central nervous system
neurons in the retina
motor neurons
sensory neurons
What is the last part of a nerve cell that is involved when a nerve impulse passes to another cell?
Synapses
axon hillock
dendrite
axon
What can correctly be said about somatic motor neurons?
they are unipolar neurons
their cell bodies are in the dorsal root ganglia
their cell bodies are located in the central nervous system
they are bipolar neurons
What is the effect of the movement of Na + into a nerve cell followed very soon by the movement of K + out of the nerve cell?
this establishes the resting membrane potential
these movements are known as depolarization and repolarization
these movements repolarize the cell
it changes the membrane potential from about −70 mV to about −50 mV
Which nerve cells carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?
Sensory
Motor
Afferent
Association
Which of the following describes an "action potential"?
The high concentration of NA+ and Cl− outside the cell, and of K+ inside the cell.
The voltage change that moves along the cell membrane until it reaches the axon hillock.
The movement of a neurotransmitter from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane.
The movement of Na + across the cell membrane into the cell, followed by the movement of K+ out of the cell.
What part of the neuron carries the "action potential"?
the cell body
the dendrites
the synaptic knobs
the axon
Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons found?
in the peripheral nervous system
in the central nervous system
in the spinal cord
in the dorsal root ganglia
What does the term "synapse" refer to?
the plasma membrane of the axon terminal of a nerve cell.
that part of the plasma membrane of the cell being stimulated, that is opposite the axon terminal.
the gap between the stimulating nerve cell and the receiving cell.
the place where signal transmission between a nerve cell and the cell it is stimulating occurs.
What is the depolarization and repolarization of a nerve cell membrane called?
action potential
threshold potential
graded potential
resting membrane potential
When we say that the cell membrane is polarized we mean that
the outside of the cell is negative with respect to the inside
the inside of the cell is negative with respect to the outside
there are more Na+ ions and less K+ ions inside the cell than outside.
Na+ ions have moved out of the cell and K+ ions have moved in.
Ag-AgCl, Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes interfaced with
HCL
NaCl
AgCl
AgNo3
Which electrode type helps to reduce junction potentials
Gold electrodes
Polymer electrodes
Carbon electrodes
Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes
Which electrode type is suitable for using in applications of electrical stimulation and impedance plethysmography.
Gold electrodes
Polymer electrodes
Carbon electrodes
Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes
Which is the best arrangement of electrodes have high resistivity and noise.
a/ Ag-AgCl & Carbon& gold
b/ Carbon& polemer& gold
c/ Gold & polemer& Ag-AgCl
b and c
Polymer electrode is made conductive by adding
electrolytic gel
HCL
Monovalent metallic ions
Salt
Which electrode type does not need for gel or other adhesive substance
Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes
Carbon Electrodes
Internal Electrodes
None of them
Which electrode type does not need for gel or other adhesive substance
Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes
Gold Electrodes
Carbon Electrodes
Polymer Electrodes
………… indicates the electric potential difference arising inside the living tissues or cells.
Carbon Electrodes
Microelectrodes
Silver-Silver Chloride Electrodes
None of these
Glass microcapillaries are preferred over metallic electrodes because of the former …….
Polarizes with input current
Does not have sustainable current carrying capacity
Has less contact surface area
Has sustainable current carrying capacity.
metallic micro electrodes have impedance ……… compared to conventional electrodes
Equal
Smaller
High
Very high
Which of the following electrode is manufactured by circumferential application of heat to a small area of glass tubing and pulling the glass when it gets soft?
Macro metallic electrodes
Micro metallic electrodes
Micro pipette
Surface electrodes
Which of the following metal is preferred for manufacturing micro electrodes?
Stainless steel
Tungsten
Iron
Copper
Which type of electrodes are employed to study the electrical activities of individual cells?
Milli-electrode
Microelectrode
Surface- electrodes
Pre-jelled electrodes
Normal EEG frequency range is
50-500Hz
0.5-50HZ
0.05-5Hz
1-200Hz
Which of the following is a preferred electrode for measuring EMG
surface electrodes
needle electrodes
pregelled electrodes
scalp electrodes
Generally what is the material of needle electrodes?
stainless steel
copper
lead
iron
The ground electrode is usually positioned over which body structures?
bony
hairy
fleshy
sweaty
The ideal membrane should possess ……… to water.
low permeability
high permeability
medium permeability
high permeability to waste
Figure 2 represents ……....
Supported metal electrode
Carbon electrode
Glass micropipette electrode
Metal microelectrode
Figure 3 represents ……....
Supported metal electrode
Carbon electrode
Glass micropipette electrode
Metal microelectrode
Figure 4 represents ……....
Supported metal electrode
Carbon electrode
Glass micropipette electrode
Metal microelectrode
Which of the following statements is true about Needle electrodes
They are designed to measure
biopotentials from the surface of the
skin.
Typical examples include the metal
microelectrodes and micropipette.
They are designed to measure
bioelectric potentials near or within
the cell.
They are designed to penetrate the
skin so that they can record
biopotentials like EEG signals from the
brain.
Which of the following is a requirement for a good electrode measurement.
High junction potential b- Motion artifact.
Motion artifact.
placement above bony structures
where there is less muscle mass
All of the above
Figure 5 represents ……....
Supported metal electrode
Carbon electrode
Glass micropipette electrode
Metal microelectrode
Which electrode is suitable for low-noise measurements?
Carbon electrode
Gold electrode
Polymer Electrodes
All of the above
Which of the following is not the promise of artificial neural network?
It can explain result
It can survive the failure of some nodes
It has inherent parallelism
It can handle noise
In ANN the output at each node is called a- node value b- Weight c- neurons d- axon
node value
Weight
neurons
axons
What is full form of ANNs
Artificial Neural Node
AI Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial Neural numbers
Which of the following is an Applications of Neural Networks
Automotive
Aerospace
Electronics
All of the above
When does a neural network model become a deep learning model?
When you add more hidden layers and increase depth of neural network
When there is higher dimensionality of data
When the problem is an image recognition problem
None of these
32. What is the sequence of the following tasks in the training process? 1. Initialize weights of perceptron randomly 2. Go to the next batch of dataset 3. If the prediction does not match the output, change the weights 4. For a sample input, compute an output
1, 2, 3, 4
4, 3, 2, 1
3, 1, 2, 4
1, 4, 3, 2
The process of adjusting the weight is known as?
activation
synchronisation
learning
none of the mentioned
What does b represent in figure 6
a variable value
any constant value
Bias
None of these
For ANN when does the weight required to be adapted?
When 𝜂<1 b-
When d= -1
When y(n)≠ d(n)
When y(n)= d(n)
For ANN we need …..
a-Small 𝜂
b- y(n)≠ d(n)
c-y(n) =d(n)
Both a and b
