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DRUGS FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (PHARMACOLOGY)

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Microbes capable of causing diseases which includes include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths.

a)

Pathogens

b)

Pathogenicity

c)

Virulence

d)

Invasiveness

2.

Must bypass a number of elaborate body defenses through broken skin, or by ingestion, inhalation, or contact with a mucous membrane.

a)

Pathogens

b)

Pathogenicity

c)

Virulence

d)

Invasiveness

3.

Ability of an organism to cause infection depending on an organism’s ability to evade or overcome body defenses.

a)

Pathogens

b)

Pathogenicity

c)

Virulence

d)

Invasiveness

4.

Severity or harmfulness of an organism to cause the disease in a minimum number.

a)

Pathogens

b)

Pathogenicity

c)

Virulence

d)

Invasiveness

5.

Ability of a pathogen to grow extremely rapid and cause direct damage to surrounding tissues.

a)

Pathogens

b)

Pathogenicity

c)

Virulence

d)

Invasiveness

6.

Any drug that is effective against pathogens used to treat bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections.

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Anti-infective

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

7.

Used interchangeably with antibiotic / antimicrobial therapy.

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Anti-infective

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

8.

The primary goal of antimicrobial therapy is to assist the body’s defenses in eliminating a pathogen.

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Anti-infective

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

9.

Any natural substance produced by bacteria that can kill other bacteria.

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Anti-infective

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

10.

Any drug that is effective by killing the bacteria.

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Anti-infective

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

11.

Any drug that is effective by slowing the growth of the bacteria, allowing the body’s natural defenses to eliminate the pathogen.

a)

Antibiotic

b)

Anti-infective

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

12.

Cell Wall Activity: Bacteria with thick cell wall and retain a purple color after staining.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Gram- Negative

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

13.

Cell Wall Activity: Bacteria with thin cell wall lose its purple stain and retain its pink color.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Gram- Negative

c)

Bacteriocidal

d)

Bacteriostatic

14.

Cellular Shape: Spherical-shaped bacteria.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Spirilla

c)

Cocci

d)

Bacilli

15.

Cellular Shape: Rod-shaped bacteria.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Spirilla

c)

Cocci

d)

Bacilli

16.

Cellular Shape: Spiral-shaped bacteria.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Spirilla

c)

Cocci

d)

Bacilli

17.

Use of Oxygen: Bacteria that thrive in an oxygen-rich environment to survive.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Aerobic

c)

Anaerobic

d)

Bacilli

18.

Use of Oxygen: Bacteria that grow best without oxygen.

a)

Gram- Positive

b)

Aerobic

c)

Anaerobic

d)

Bacilli

19.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Rifampicin

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

20.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Aminoglycosides

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

21.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Macrolides

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

22.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Sulfonamides

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

23.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Fluoroquinolones

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

24.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Penicillins

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

25.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Cephalosporins

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

26.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Carbapenem

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

27.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs: Isoniazid

a)

RNA synthesis inhibitors

b)

Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

28.
a)

Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Drugs

b)

Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors

c)

Antimetabolites

d)

DNA synthesis inhibitors

29.

Acquired Resistance

a)

Larger percentage of resistant strains due to prolonged use of antibiotics

b)

Replication of microorganisms frequently makes errors in their genetic codes causing mutations and different variants

c)

Result of accident and pure chance

d)

Commonly encountered in critical care units, where seriously ill patients are often treated with high amounts of antibiotics

30.

Healthcare Acquired Resistance (HAIs)

a)

Larger percentage of resistant strains due to prolonged use of antibiotics

b)

Replication of microorganisms frequently makes errors in their genetic codes causing mutations and different variants

c)

Result of accident and pure chance

d)

Commonly encountered in critical care units, where seriously ill patients are often treated with high amounts of antibiotics

31.

Ideal laboratory test to identify the specific pathogen prior to beginning anti-infective therapy.

a)

Culture and Sensitivity

b)

Culture plate

c)

Sensitivity discs

d)

Zone of inhibition

32.

Medium used to grow the isolated organism in an infected host.

a)

Culture and Sensitivity

b)

Culture plate

c)

Sensitivity discs

d)

Zone of inhibition

33.

Different antimicrobial agents determining which drug is sensitive or resistant against the infecting microorganism.

a)

Culture and Sensitivity

b)

Culture plate

c)

Sensitivity discs

d)

Zone of inhibition

34.

The sensitivity disc that will develop the largest zone of inhibition or clearing of the microorganism surrounding the disc is identified as the most effective antibiotic for the growing pathogen.

a)

Culture and Sensitivity

b)

Culture plate

c)

Sensitivity discs

d)

Zone of inhibition

35.
a)

Culture and Sensitivity

b)

Culture plate

c)

Sensitivity discs

d)

Zone of inhibition

36.

5 Principles for Prevention of Resistance (CDC Recommendations): It is always easier to prevent an infection than to treat one. This includes teaching patients the importance of getting immunizations to protect against diseases such as influenza, tetanus, polio, measles, and hepatitis B, COVID-19.

a)

Prevent infections when possible

b)

Use the right drug for the infection

c)

Restrict the use of antibiotics to those conditions deemed medically necessary.

d)

Advise patients to take anti-infectives for the full length of therapy

e)

Prevent transmission of the pathogen

37.

5 Principles for Prevention of Resistance (CDC Recommendations): Infections should be cultured so that the offending organism can be identified and the correct drug chosen.

a)

Prevent infections when possible

b)

Use the right drug for the infection

c)

Restrict the use of antibiotics to those conditions deemed medically necessary.

d)

Advise patients to take anti-infectives for the full length of therapy

e)

Prevent transmission of the pathogen

38.

5 Principles for Prevention of Resistance (CDC Recommendations): Antibiotics should be prescribed only when there is a clear rationale for their use.

a)

Prevent infections when possible

b)

Use the right drug for the infection

c)

Restrict the use of antibiotics to those conditions deemed medically necessary.

d)

Advise patients to take anti-infectives for the full length of therapy

e)

Prevent transmission of the pathogen

39.

5 Principles for Prevention of Resistance (CDC Recommendations): Stopping antibiotic therapy prematurely allows some pathogens to survive, thus promoting the development of resistant strains.

a)

Prevent infections when possible

b)

Use the right drug for the infection

c)

Restrict the use of antibiotics to those conditions deemed medically necessary.

d)

Advise patients to take anti-infectives for the full length of therapy

e)

Prevent transmission of the pathogen

40.

5 Principles for Prevention of Resistance (CDC Recommendations): This includes applying standard infection control procedures and teaching patients the methods of proper hygiene for preventing transmission in the home and community settings.

a)

Prevent infections when possible

b)

Use the right drug for the infection

c)

Restrict the use of antibiotics to those conditions deemed medically necessary.

d)

Advise patients to take anti-infectives for the full length of therapy

e)

Prevent transmission of the pathogen

41.

TB Drug Regimen: Initial phase

a)

Includes 4 combination drugs Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (RIPE)

b)

Includes 2 combination drugs Rifampicin, Isoniazid (RI)

c)

Given daily for 2 months

d)

Given 2-3x per week for 4 months

42.

TB Drug Regimen: Continuation Phase

a)

Includes 4 combination drugs Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (RIPE)

b)

Includes 2 combination drugs Rifampicin, Isoniazid (RI)

c)

Given daily for 2 months

d)

Given 2-3x per week for 4 months

43.

Indication: Drug of choice against streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci organisms.

a)

Penicillins (-cillin)

b)

Cephalosporins (Cef-)

c)

Carbapenems (-penem)

d)

Tetracylines (-cycline)

44.

Indication: Also for gonorrhea and syphilis caused by susceptible strains.

a)

Penicillins (-cillin)

b)

Cephalosporins (Cef-)

c)

Carbapenems (-penem)

d)

Tetracylines (-cycline)

45.

Only 15–30% of an oral dose of penicillin G is absorbed. Because of its low oral absorption, penicillin G is often given by the intravenous IV or IM routes.

a)

Penicillins (-cillin)

b)

Cephalosporins (Cef-)

c)

Carbapenems (-penem)

d)

Tetracylines (-cycline)

46.

Prototype Drugs of Penicillins (-cillin).

a)

Natural Penicillins Penicillin G

b)

1 st Generation = Gram (+) Cephalexin, Cefazolin

c)

Extended-Spectrum Piperacillin Piperacillin+Tazobactam

d)

2 nd Generation = Gram (+/-) Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

47.

Prototype Drugs of Penicillins (-cillin).

a)

Natural Penicillins Penicillin G

b)

Penicillin-Resistant Amoxicillin, Ampicillin Amoxicillin+Clavulanate Ampicillin-Sulbactam

c)

Extended-Spectrum Piperacillin Piperacillin+Tazobactam

d)

2 nd Generation = Gram (+/-) Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

48.

Adverse Effects of Penicillins (-cillin).

a)

Natural Penicillins Penicillin G

b)

Pain at the injection site may occur, and superinfections are possible

c)

Anaphylaxis is the most serious adverse effect

d)

2 nd Generation = Gram (+/-) Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

49.

Indications of Cephalosporins (Cef-)

a)

Used to treat infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin structures, biliary tract, bones, and joints

b)

Meropenem is the drug of choice for MRSA, peritonitis, bacterial meningitis

c)

Also for genital infections, septicemia, and endocarditis

d)

Prophylaxis in patients who are undergoing surgical procedures

50.

Mechanism of Action: Cell wall inhibitors

a)

Penicillins (-cillin)

b)

Cephalosporins (Cef-)

c)

Carbapenems (-penem)

d)

Tetracylines (-cycline)

51.

Prototype Drugs of Cephalosporins (Cef-)

a)

1 st Generation = Gram (+) Cephalexin, Cefazolin

b)

2 nd Generation = Gram (+/-) Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

c)

3 rd Generation = Gram (+/---) Cefixime, Ceftriaxone

d)

4 th & 5th Generation = MRSA Gram (-), Anti-pseudomonas Cefepime

52.

Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins (Cef-)

a)

Well tolerated by most patients

b)

Anaphylaxis is the most serious adverse effect

c)

Rash, diarrhea and superinfections for prolonged use

d)

Pain at the injection site may occur, and superinfections are possible

53.

Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins (Cef-)

a)

Pain and phlebitis on IM injection sites

b)

Anaphylaxis is the most serious adverse effect

c)

Rash, diarrhea and superinfections for prolonged use

d)

Seizures are a rare, though potentially serious

54.

Indications of Carbapenems (-penem)

a)

Meropenem is the drug of choice for MRSA, peritonitis, bacterial meningitis

b)

Ertapenem has the longer half-life, second choice if Meropenem is not available

c)

Imipenem as the last choice because it is expensive and has 4- 5x dose daily

d)

Imipenem as the last choice because it is expensive and has 4- 5x dose daily

55.

Prototype Drugs of Carbapenems (-penem)

a)

Ertapenem

b)

Imipenem

c)

Meropenem

d)

Extended-Spectrum Piperacillin Piperacillin+Tazobactam

56.

Adverse Effects of Carbapenems (-penem)

a)

Seizures are a rare, though potentially serious

b)

Reactions in injection sites, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, skin rash and pruritus

c)

Pain and phlebitis on IM injection sites

d)

Well tolerated by most patients

57.

Indications of Tetracylines (-cycline)

a)

Preferred drug for infections by whooping cough, Legionnaire’s disease, M. pneumoniae, diphtheria, COVID-19

b)

Increased effectivity against H. pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease

c)

road range of gram-positive and gramnegative organisms, including Chlamydia, Rickettsiae, and Mycoplasma

d)

Preferred drug for infections by whooping cough, Legionnaire’s disease, M. pneumoniae, diphtheria, COVID-19

58.

Prototype Drugs of Tetracylines (-cycline)

a)

Gentamicin

b)

Tetracycline

c)

Erythromycin

d)

Azithromycin

59.

Adverse Effects of Tetracylines (-cycline)

a)

Pregnancy category D

b)

Permanent yellow-brown discoloration of the teeth in young children

c)

Nausea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting, although these are rarely serious enough to cause discontinuation of therapy

d)

Fetal bone growth and teeth development restriction

60.

Indications of Macrolides (-mycin)

a)

Has a spectrum similar to that of the penicillins and is effective against most gram-positive bacteria

b)

Unable to tolerate penicillins or who may have a penicillin-resistant infections / drug allergy

c)

Nausea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting, although these are rarely serious enough to cause discontinuation of therapy

d)

Preferred drug for infections by whooping cough, Legionnaire’s disease, M. pneumoniae, diphtheria, COVID-19

61.

Prototype Drugs of Macrolides (-mycin)

a)

Azithromycin

b)

Tetracycline

c)

Gentamicin

d)

Erythromycin

62.

Adverse Effects of Macrolides (-mycin)

a)

Nausea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting, although these are rarely serious enough to cause discontinuation of therapy

b)

Fetal bone growth and teeth development restriction

c)

Neurotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade nephrotoxicity and irreversible ototoxicity

d)

Permanent yellow-brown discoloration of the teeth in young children

63.

Indications of Aminoglycosides (-micin)

a)

Broad-spectrum, bacteriocidal antibiotic usually prescribed for serious urinary, respiratory, nervous, or GI infections when less toxic antibiotics are contraindicated

b)

Activity includes Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, and Serratia

c)

Preferred drug for infections by whooping cough, Legionnaire’s disease, M. pneumoniae, diphtheria, COVID-19

d)

Has a spectrum similar to that of the penicillins and is effectiv

64.

Indications of Aminoglycosides (-micin)

a)

Effective against a few gram-positive bacteria, including some strains of MRSA

b)

Used in combination with other antibiotics such as penicillins or cephalosporins as an additive effect

c)

Preferred drug for infections by whooping cough, Legionnaire’s disease, M. pneumoniae, diphtheria, COVID-19

d)

Has a spectrum similar to that of the penicillins and is effectiv

65.

Prototype Drugs of Aminoglycosides (-micin)

a)

Azithromycin

b)

Gentamicin

c)

Tetracycline

d)

Erythromycin

66.

Mechanism of Action: Protein synthesis inhibitors

a)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

b)

Carbapenems (-penem)

c)

Macrolides (-mycin)

d)

Tetracylines (-cycline)

67.

Adverse Effects of Aminoglycosides (-micin)

a)

Neurotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade nephrotoxicity and irreversible ototoxicity

b)

Nausea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting, although these are rarely serious enough to cause discontinuation of therapy

c)

Fetal bone growth and teeth development restriction

d)

Pregnancy category D

68.

Indication: More effective against gram-negative than gram-positive organisms, it is prescribed for UTI, sinusitis, pneumonia, skin, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, and certain eye infections

a)

Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)

b)

Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

c)

Urinary Antiseptics

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

69.

Mechanism of Action: DNA synthesis inhibitor

a)

Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)

b)

Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

c)

Urinary Antiseptics

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

70.

Prototype Drugs: Ciprofloxacin

a)

Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)

b)

Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

c)

Urinary Antiseptics

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

71.

Adverse Effects of Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)

a)

Early closure of the epiphyseal plate

b)

Extreme muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis

c)

Tendinitis and tendon rupture

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

72.

Indications of Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

a)

Early closure of the epiphyseal plate

b)

Fixed-dose combination of SMZ synergistic with anti-infective TMP

c)

Most frequently prescribed for complicated UTI

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

73.

Prototype Drugs of Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

a)

Trimethoprim (TMP) + Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)

b)

Fosfomycin

c)

Nitrofurantoin

d)

Ciprofloxacin

74.

Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

a)

Extreme muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis

b)

Nausea and vomiting

c)

Extreme muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis

d)

Hypersensitivity is relatively common and usually manifests as skin rash, itching, and fever

75.

Mechanism of Action: Folic acid inhibitors (Antimetabolite)

a)

Urinary Antiseptics

b)

Sulfonamides (Sulfa-)

c)

Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

76.

Prototype Drugs of Folic acid inhibitors (Antimetabolite)

a)

Urinary Antiseptics

b)

Fosfomycin

c)

Nitrofurantoin

d)

Aminoglycosides (-micin)

77.

Adverse Effects of Folic acid inhibitors (Antimetabolite)

a)

Urinary Antiseptics

b)

Pregnancy category A for Nitrofurantoin

c)

Nausea and vomiting

d)

Hypersensitivity is relatively common and usually manifests as skin rash, itching, and fever

78.

Anti-TB Drugs:

Mechanism of Action; Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis on the cell wall

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

79.

Anti-TB Drugs:

Mechanism of Action; Inhibits bacterial transcription of the DNA into mRNA

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

80.

Anti-TB Drugs:

Mechanism of Action; Inhibits arabinosyl transferase in the cell wall synthesis

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

81.

Anti-TB Drugs:

Mechanism of Action; Inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthase

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

82.

Most Common Side Effects:

Hepatotoxicity

Red-orange discoloration of body fluids

Flu-like symptoms

Nausea and vomiting

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

83.

Most Common Side Effects:

Visual disturbances (color blindness to red and green)

Neurological disorders

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

84.

Most Common Side Effects:

Hepatotoxicity

Hyperuricemia

Arthralgia, myalgia

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

85.

Most Common Side Effects:

Peripheral neuropathy

Hepatotoxicity

Agranulocytosis

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

86.

Nursing Responsibilities:

Give Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) as prophylaxis

Check renal and liver profile

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

87.

Nursing Responsibilities:

Check renal, liver and uric acid profile

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

88.

Nursing Responsibilities:

Check visual acuity

Avoid in renal impairment

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

89.

Nursing Responsibilities:

Ask color of urine to check compliance of the patient to the medication

a)

Rifampicin (RIF)

b)

Isoniazid (INH)

c)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

d)

Ethambutol (EMB)

90.

The Nursing Responsibility for the Anti - TB Drug Ethambutol (EMB) is to Check visual acuity Avoid in renal impairment.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

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