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patho renal

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

dysuria

a)

<400mL of urine

b)

painful urination

c)

<100mL of urine

d)

accumulation of nitrogenous wastes

2.

functional part of the kidney

a)

nephron

b)

loop of henle

c)

distal tubule

d)

glomerulus

3.

#1 cause for renal disease

a)

obesity

b)

HTN

c)

diabetes

d)

anemia

4.

kidneys regulate production of

a)

erythropoietin

b)

vit C

c)

renin

d)

vit D

5.

first step in renin

a)

rise in BP

b)

ACE rxn

c)

drop in BP

d)

angiotensin II

6.

2nd step in renin

a)

angiotensin I

b)

drop in BP

c)

angiotensin II

d)

ACE rxn

7.

3rd step in renin

a)

angiotensin I

b)

aldosterone

c)

ACE rxn

d)

angiotensin II

8.

4th step in renin

a)

aldosterone

b)

angiotensin I

c)

ACE rxn

d)

angiotensin II

9.

5th step in renin

a)

ACE rxn

b)

aldosterone secreted

c)

angiotensin I

d)

drop in BP

10.

6th step in renin

a)

drop in BP

b)

angiotensin II

c)

rise in BP

d)

aldosterone secreted

11.

inflmn of kidney medulla, parenchyma, renal pelvis, affecting tubules

a)

acute pyelonephritis

b)

chronic pyelonephritis

c)

cystitis

12.

responds well to 2wks of abx

a)

acute pyelonephritis

b)

chronic pyelonephritis

c)

cystitis

13.

structural abnormalities. impairs fxn of kidneys

a)

acute pyelonephritis

b)

chronic pyelonephritis

c)

cystitis

14.

inflmn of bladder

a)

pyelonephritis

b)

cystitis

c)

BPH

15.

bacteria contamination by vaginal secretions, prostatic hypertrophy, close proximity of urethra to anus

a)

pyelonephritis

b)

cystitis

c)

BPH

16.

frequency, urgency, burning w urination, hematuria, cloudy urine, foul odor

a)

BPH

b)

pyelonephritis

c)

cystitis

d)

AKI

17.

urinalysis, urine culture

a)

cystitis

b)

pyelonephritis

c)

BPH

d)

AKI

18.

vesicoureteral reflux, kidney stones, neurogenic bladder

a)

pyelonephritis

b)

cystitis

c)

BPH

d)

AKI

19.

fever, chills, flank pain, WBC in medulla, renal inflmn, purulent urine

a)

BPH

b)

cystitis

c)

pyelonephritis

d)

AKI

20.

urinalysis, urine culture, CBC

a)

AKI

b)

cystitis

c)

BPH

d)

pyelonephritis

21.

dx for UTI

a)

clean catch urine

b)

bladder scan

c)

culture & sensitivity

d)

MRI

22.

BPH

a)

malignant

b)

non cancerous

23.

enlarged prostate

a)

prostatitis

b)

BPH

c)

cystitis

24.

BPH

a)

not infxn related

b)

infxn related

c)

treated but not cured

d)

curable

e)

pain w urination

25.

inflmn of prostate

a)

cystitis

b)

BPH

c)

prostatitis

d)

pyelonephritis

26.

prostatitis

a)

caused by infxn

b)

not infxn related

c)

curable

d)

pain w ejaculation & constant pain

e)

treated but not curable

27.

most common kidney stone: (a)   oxylate

28.

stage 1 of renal calculi

a)

aggregation

b)

growth

c)

nucleation

29.

stage 2 renal calculi formation

a)

growth

b)

aggregation

c)

nucleation

30.

stage 3 renal calculi

a)

aggregation

b)

growth

c)

nucleation

31.

stone forming, nucleation & crystallization

a)

unsaturated urine

b)

supersaturated urine

32.

crystals cant form, crystals dissolve

a)

unsaturated urine

b)

supersaturated urine

33.

most important renal calculi inhibitor (a)  

34.

major cause of kidney stone formation (a)  

35.

R/F for kidney stones

a)

high temp environment

b)

high sodium diet

c)

excess animal protein

d)

vit C

e)

vit D

36.

most affected by kidney stones

a)

females

b)

males

37.

impaired kidney fxn, develops rapidly over few hrs or days, high mortality rate

a)

BPH

b)

AKI

c)

pyelonephritis

d)

CKD

38.

sudden reduction in blood flow, ischemia of nephrons, sharp decrease in urine output

a)

postrenal AKI

b)

intrarenal AKI

c)

prerenal AKI

39.

renal parenchymal injury, direct damage to kidneys, ATN, interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis

a)

prerenal AKI

b)

intrarenal AKI

c)

postrenal AKI

40.

dx kidney fxn test (a)  

41.

by product of muscle metabolism, measures how well kidneys are working

a)

creatinine

b)

BUN

c)

GFR

42.

by product of protein metabolism

a)

GFR

b)

BUN

c)

creatinine

43.

damaged glomeruli, >3.5g of protein leak in urine

a)

AKI

b)

pyelonephritis

c)

cystitis

d)

nephrotic syndrome

44.

weight gain, edema, foamy urine, loss of appetite

a)

nephrotic syndrome

b)

BPH

c)

cystitis

d)

pyelonephritis

45.

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

a)

group A beta hemolytic streptocci

b)

acute onset

c)

develop 1-2 wks after throat/skin infxn

d)

progressive, leading to chronic kidney disease

46.

obstruction in urinary tract from tubule to urethral meatus, trauma, edema

a)

post renal failure

b)

intra renal failure

c)

pre renal failure

47.

abd. distention w complete obstruction, suprapubic tenderness w palpation

a)

intra renal s/sx

b)

pre renal s/sx

c)

post renal s/sx

48.

BUN

a)

2.5-4.5

b)

8-20

c)

0.6-1.2

d)

18-60

49.

creatinine

a)

0.6-1.2

b)

8-20

c)

18-60

d)

9-11

50.

G1

a)

60-89

b)

>90

c)

45-59

d)

15-29

51.

G2

a)

60-89

b)

>90

c)

<15

d)

15-29

52.

G3a

a)

<15

b)

15-29

c)

60-89

d)

45-59

53.

G3b

a)

<15

b)

60-89

c)

15-29

d)

30-44

54.

G4

a)

>90

b)

<15

c)

15-29

d)

45-59

55.

G5

a)

<15

b)

15-29

c)

30-44

d)

60-89

56.

stage 1&2 CKD

a)

blood/protein in urine

b)

fam hx of polycystic kidney disease

c)

urination changes

d)

kidney pain felt in back

e)

evidence of kidney damage in MRT, CT or xray

57.

stage 3&4 CKD

a)

fluid retention, SOB

b)

kidney pain felt in back

c)

sleep problems

d)

bad breath

e)

headaches

58.

stage 5 CKD

a)

headaches

b)

difficulty concentrating

c)

muscle cramps

d)

changes in skin color

e)

little/no urine

59.

urine specific gravity

a)

1.025-1.040

b)

1.00-1.015

c)

1.010-1.025

60.

low potassium foods

a)

green beans, cabbage

b)

apples, celery

c)

almond milk, popcorn

d)

avocados, broccoli

e)

tomatoes, oranges, almonds

61.

high potassium foods

a)

popcorn, rice

b)

avocados, potatoes

c)

bananas, milk

d)

oranges, tomatoes, peas

62.

hyperkalemia

a)

excessive urine output

b)

diminished urine output

c)

cardiac arrest, weak pulse

d)

leg cramps, abnormal heart rhythm

63.

hypokalemia

a)

excessive urine output

b)

diminished urine output

c)

leg cramps, constipation

d)

cardiac arrest, nausea

64.

care of av fistula

a)

no bp, iv, lab draws on same arm

b)

thrill should be palpated

c)

bruit should be auscultated

d)

no bruit or thrill should be palpated or ausculatated

65.

nephrotoxins (harmful to kidneys)

a)

IV radiocontrast

b)

abx

c)

NSAIDS

d)

salicylates

66.

what substance is likely to appear when glomerulus is inflamed

a)

urea

b)

albumin

c)

sodium

d)

creatinine

67.

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis

a)

Dialysis or other invasive procedure

b)

Abnormal immune response, causing inflammation

c)

An ascending infection by E. coli

d)

Severe pH imbalance of urine

68.

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria

a)

Cystitis

b)

Glomerulonephritis

c)

Urolithiasis

69.

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of

a)

microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine

b)

painful micturition

c)

urgency and frequency

d)

urinary casts and flank pain

70.

What are the significant signs of nephrotic syndrome

a)

Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria

b)

Pyuria and leucopenia

c)

Hypertension and heart failure

71.

Which factor contributes to severe anemia in individuals with chronic renal failure

a)

Compensatory increase in bone marrow activity

b)

Increased erythropoietin secretion

c)

Limited protein intake

d)

Inability to absorb vitamin B12 and iron

72.

Excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood is referred to as

a)

dysuria

b)

azotemia

c)

bacteremia

d)

hematuria

73.

what type of edema is in nephrotic syndrome

a)

interstitial

b)

pulmonary

c)

cerebral

74.

CKD progression

a)

ELIMINATION of nitrogenous waste DIMINISHES

b)

Metabolic ACIDOSIS increases

c)

POTASSIUM levels INCREASE

d)

body not efficiently producing RBCs

e)

sodium & water RETAINED

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