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WorksheetsAPI 580 Examination Prep (Bay Tech)
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 2hrs 20mins
Inspection may identify flaws in equipment. A/an __________ can be performed to if the equipment can continue to operate safely under what conditions and for how long?
Risk-Based assessment
Extensive NDE Inspection
Fitness for service analysis
Finite element analysis
Understanding the two-dimensional aspect of risk allows new insight into the use of:
Innovative nondestructive methods and associated cost
Employees or contractors to perform the required inspections
Risk for inspection prioritization and planning
Laser measuring devices or conventional measuring devices
The amount and type of codes and standards used by a facility...
Can have a significant impact on RBI results
Will have little bearing on RBI results
Must be the latest edition with current addendum
Must be the edition and addendum the equipment was fabricated to
It is usually more economical to modify the process or change metallurgy:
During a major turnaround or outage
Only after exhaustive studies are completed
Just before the plant goes online
When a plant is being designed
Identification of the credible damage mechanisms and failure modes for all equipment included in an RBI study is essential:
In determining the most cost-effective method of conducting the study
To the quality and effectiveness of the RBI analysis
To ensure proper identification of the equipment
To ensure that only the highest risk equipment is inspected
Quantitative models usually contain one or more:
Customized failure scenarios or outcomes
Standard failure scenarios or outcomes
Generic plant failure scenarios or outcomes
Inspection methodologies to detect failure modes
The results of a quantitative analysis are usually:
Numeric
Only provided to upper management
Alphabetically listed
Reported as high, medium, or low
Changes in process conditions and hardware changes, such as modification or replacement:
Are not considered in the RBI assessment
Can significantly alter the risk
Since RBI is concerned with detection of deterioration mechanisms there would be no impact on the risk itself
Should be reported to the jurisdictional authority within thirty days of the changes
The best definition of mitigation is:
Completely arresting and stopping a negative consequence
Temporarily removing a negative consequence
Limitation of any negative consequence
Action taken to repair a negative consequence to prevent its recurrence
An RBI assessment will:
Determine the most appropriate way to handle the consequence of failure
Determine the risk associated with the item assessed
Determine the ultimate cost to reduce risks
Determine the most appropriate repair methods
One of the most important aspects of managing risk through Risk-Based Inspection is:
Locating areas in the process stream where bottlenecks can occur
Defining the demarcation points where specialist functions might overlap
Development and use of mitigation strategies
Operating personnel responsible for the release
Failure mode is defined as "The manner of failure". For risk-based inspection, the failure of concern is:
Loss of production time
Loss of profits
Loss of control
Loss of containment
According to API RP 580, RBI will identify whether the consequence or probability of failure or both is driving the risk. When risk is driven by probability of failure, generally:
There is a potential for risk management through inspection
There is a potential for risk management through maintenance
There is a potential for risk management through operations
There is a potential for risk management through initial design
Items located to the risk (above) the "ISO-risk line are:
To be ignored and no further action is required
Unacceptable and should be mitigated
Are considered only if affects production
Must be taken out of service immediately
The probability of failure analysis should address:
Impact possibilities
The need to erect barriers to protect the item under consideration
All damage mechanisms the equipment, under consideration, is susceptible to
Cost of repairs to return the equipment, under consideration, to serviceable condition
The objective of Risk-Based Inspection is to:
Develop a single inspection plan to cover all equipment installed
Direct management's decision process of prioritizing resources to manage risk
Direct the risk assessment teams focus
Provide guidelines for conducting inspection on equipment that is in storage
The Risk-Based Inspection methodology is intended to:
Be used as a standalone process
Prevent the use of any other inspection methods
Determine what equipment should be replaced
Complement other risk-based and safety initiatives
The purpose of establishing operational boundaries is:
To identify minor process parameters that will have minor impact on deterioration
To identify who is responsible for operational up-sets
To identify areas in the operating unit that can be operated outside the boundary limits with no impact on safety
To identify key process parameters that may impact deterioration
The RBI assessment is a team effort; the team leader is typically responsible for all the following except:
Preparing the report and distributing it to the proper personnel
Formation of the team
Following up to assure the appropriate risk mitigation actions have been implemented
Assuring adequate funding is available
Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for continuously improving the inspection of facilities and systematically reducing the risk associated with:
Pressure boundary failures
Operational upsets
Improper repair activity
Employing non-certified inspectors
The accuracy of any type of RBI analysis depends on sound quality data and:
Access to codes and standards
Knowledgeable personnel
The commitment of owner/users to the program
The use of dedicated software
Which of the following influences the uncertainty of the risk associated with pressure equipment primarily by improving knowledge of the deterioration state and predictability of the probability of failure?
System operating records
Comparison with equipment in similar service
Published data
Inspection
API RP 580 defines failure as:
Loss of most of the stored product
Loss of life
Loss of containment
Loss of power
Potential hazards identified in a Process Hazards Analysis (PHA) will often affect which part of the risk equation.
Probability of failure
Consequence of failure
It will have no bearing on the risk equation
Economic outcome
Items required in a qualitative approach for RBI assessment:
Need to be individually assessed
Require a great deal of data reporting
Only need to be categorized into broad ranges
Environmental and atmospheric considerations
The key to developing an optimization program is the ability to assess the risk associated with each item of equipment and then:
Isolate each piece of equipment
Replace each piece of equipment with new equipment
Determine the most appropriate inspection techniques
Determine the most efficient type of barrier to place around each piece of equipment
Susceptibility to deterioration is often designated as high, medium, or low based on two main considerations:
Environmental conditions and operational runs
Environmental conditions and material of construction combination
Time and temperatures of the current process run and materials of construction
Environmental conditions and proximity of other operating units
The mode of failure primarily affects:
The magnitude of the cost of replacement equipment
The magnitude of operational changes
The magnitude of repair costs
The magnitude of the consequence
Once a credible damage mechanism has been identified:
The corresponding repair method can also be identified
The associated maintenance program can be identified
The associated mitigation method can be identified
The associated failure mode should be identified
Data inputs based on descriptive information using engineering judgement and experience as the basis for analysis is considered a:
Waste of time and resources
Qualitative approach
Engineering analysis
Quantitative approach
RBI uses a team approach. The equipment inspector or inspection specialist is responsible for:
Obtaining data on the condition and history of the equipment in the study
Performing the inspections required because of the study
Assigning specific equipment to the other members of the team
The equipment inspector or inspection specialist has no role in the RBI study
The RBI methodology used to perform the RBI analysis should be documented so that:
Should a failure occur, blame can be assigned to a specific member of the team
Mitigation procedures can be implemented
It is clear what type of assessment was performed
The process can be shared with other organizations
It is important to maintain and update an RBI program to ensure all the following information is included except:
Most recent inspection
Most recent process
Most recent maintenance
Most recent run time
"Methods that use engineering judgement and experience as the bases for the analysis of probabilities and consequences of failure" is a definition of which of the following?
Event Tree
Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Study
Qualitative Risk Analysis
Quantitative Risk Analysis
RBI represents the next generation of inspection approaches and interval due date setting, recognizing that the goal of inspection is:
To promote better relationships with the surrounding communities
Safety and reliability of operating facilities
To provide gainful employment for inspection personnel
To determine which operating method is most economical
Managing risk and reducing risk results in all the following except:
Improved utilization of personnel
Improved safety
Avoided loss of containment
Avoided commercial losses
It is advantageous to group equipment, within a process unit, into systems or circuits where common environmental operating conditions exist based on all the following except:
Metallurgy
Equipment in similar service at other locations
Process chemistry
Equipment design and operating history
Data quality has a direct relation to which of the following?
The cost of keeping the system online
The relative accuracy of the RBI analysis
Which analysis approaches are used
Only on the quantitative RBI analysis
The consequence of loss of containment is evaluated as:
Commercial value of product lost
Cost to clean up the spill
Loss of fluid to the environment
Damage to rotating equipment such as pumps
The primary work products of the RBI assessment and management approach are plans that address:
Ways to manage risk on equipment level
Ways to manage risk on a plant-wide level
Ways to manage risk on a unit level
Ways to manage risk at a corporate level
The primary product of a Risk Based Inspection effort should be:
Overall improvement of equipment operating cost and thus profit
An inspection plan for each equipment item evaluated
The ability to run an equipment item to its very lowest safety margin
Defining methods of repair that circumvent regulatory requirements
Facilities End of Life strategies focus:
on eliminating all inspection activity on the equipment
on eliminating maintenance activity on the equipment
reducing operating personnel numbers
inspection efforts on high risk areas
Particular attention to monitoring Integrity Operating Windows (IOWs) should be provided:
During start-up, normal operations, and shutdowns
During shutdowns, significant process upsets, and during normal operations
During start-up, significant processes upset, and shutdowns
During normal operations and prolonged shutdowns
Qualified personnel should evaluate each significant change to determine the potential for change in risk. It may be good to conduct an RBI assessment after significant changes in process conditions, deterioration mechanisms/rates/severities, or:
Profit margins
Operating personnel experience
RBI premises
Replacement of key pieces of equipment
Emergency depressurizing/de-inventory is a risk mitigation activity that:
Creates the greatest danger to equipment
Reduces the amount and rate of release
Should be achieved within one hour to affect explosion/fire risk
Should only be used as an absolute last resort
The figure shown here is an example of which of the following RBI assessment approaches?
Continuum of approaches
Semi-quantitative approach
Qualitative approach
Quantitative approach
Some risks cannot be managed by inspection alone. Examples where inspection may not be sufficient to manage risk to accepted levels include all but which of the following.
New equipment
Equipment nearing retirement
Consequence-dominated risks
Failure mechanisms where avoidance of failure primarily depends on operating within a define pressure/temperature envelope
Emergency isolation capability can reduce all but which of the following?
Explosion
Sabotage
Toxic
Fire
The probabilities of incidents generally__________ with the severity of the incident:
Increase
Remain constant
Are monitored
Decrease
Each type of damage mechanism has its own characteristic failure mode. For a specific damage mechanism, the expected mode of failure should be considered when considering:
The consequence of incidents in the aftermath of an equipment failure
The long-term economic impact in the aftermath of an equipment failure
The probability of incidents in the aftermath of an equipment failure
The appropriate coating to be applied to the equipment
The probability of failure is determined by tw main considerations. What are they?
The initial cost of construction and potential cost of repair
Damage mechanisms and effectiveness of the inspection program
The maintenance and operating personnel
Specific gravity of the stored product and weather conditions
In most plants, a large percentage of the total risk will be:
Concentrated on a relatively small percentage of the equipment
Concentrated on equipment that is difficult to reach and inspect
Concentrated on equipment that is run the most often
Concentrated on a relatively large percentage of the equipment
Which of the following is the primary audience for API RP 580?
Operating personnel responsible for safe operation of equipment
Maintenance personnel responsible for the routine maintenance of the equipment
Inspection and engineering personnel responsible for mechanical integrity and operability of equipment
Repair organization responsible for repairing equipment
Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or component to perform its required function of containment of fluid is a definition of:
External event
Probability
Risk
Failure
In most consequence evaluation, a key element in determining the magnitude of the consequence is:
The cost of lost production
The volume of fluid released
The cost of repairs
The effect of plant though put
A fitness for service analysis can be performed to determine what size flaws, if found in future inspection;
Could be ignored
Would have the highest potential for failure
Would require repair or equipment replacement
Would be self arresting
Which of the following would not be considered a variable in assessing remaining life and future inspection plans?
Damage mechanisms
Rate of deterioration
Equipment tolerance to the types of deterioration
The consequence of failure
In the RBI roles, responsibilities, and qualification discussion of API RP 580, in addition to providing sponsorship and resources for the RBI assessment, management is also responsible for:
Providing the resources and follow-up system to implement risk mitigation decisions
Providing the resources necessary to conduct inspection decisions of the RBI team
Providing funding to purchase special team uniforms
Providing the resources necessary to conduct future follow-up RBI studies
According to the consequence effect categories discussion API 580, toxic releases are only addressed when they affect:
Toxic releases are always addressed regardless where they happen
Only when it appears the release will drift over waterways
Only when they affect personnel (site and public)
Only when they affect the public, especially schools, hospitals, universities, etc.
One of the most important aspects of managing risk through RBI is:
Choosing the RBI team members
Understanding the RBI pitfalls
The development and use of mitigation strategies
To clearly document all assumptions made during the analysis of the probability of failure and consequence of failure
A fundamental difference among the qualitative, semi-qualitative, and quantitative RBI assessment approaches:
Is insignificant
Are how many financial resources the user wishes to expend
Is the amount and detail of input, calculations, and output
Is based entirely on the personnel resources available
Risk-based inspection is focused on a systematic determination of:
Total facility operating costs
Relative risks
Absolute risk
Average risk factors
Combining the probability of one or more events with its consequences will determine:
What department will be responsible for repairs and clean up
The risk of the operation
How long will the plant be shut down for retrofit
The most cost effective method of operation to prevent the event in the first place
An effective Process Safety Management program includes:
A well-structured and effective pressure equipment operating manual
A well-structured and effective pressure equipment maintenance program
A well-structured and effective pressure equipment replacement program
A well-structured and effective pressure equipment inspection program
Managing risk by using RBI assessment can be useful in implementing an effective inspection program that meets performance-based safety and environmental requirements. Risk-based Inspection focuses...
On areas where the greatest risk exists
Only on potential events that can be predicted
On areas that are critical to the operation of the plant
On areas that will result in operational cost reduction
A/an___________ should be consulted to define the equipment damage mechanisms and potential failure modes:
Professional Engineer (PE)
Inspection department from another user
An inspector with at least ten years' experience
Corrosion Specialist
One goal of risk analysis is to communicate the results:
in precise terms that are clear only to the RBI team members
Using as many acronyms as possible to keep the report short
In a familiar format that a variety of people can understand
Ina format that only people who use RBI daily will understand
When more quantitative consequence and probability data are being used, and where numeric risk values are more meaningful, which of the following is used:
Risk matrix
Event tree
Risk plot
Risk management graph
In addition to identifying, monitoring, and measuring damage mechanisms, inspection also provides which of the following?
Gainful employment for inspectors
Input in the prediction of when the damage will reach a critical point
Input to operating personnel on the best method to operate the process unit
Input to purchasing personnel on the best vendor to purchase replacement equipment
Key parameters that can affect the future risk are all but which of the following?
Inspection frequency
Internal, on-stream, or external inspection
Tools and techniques
The continued current operating parameters
