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WorksheetsBiology Ch 2: Basic Chemistry
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 41mins
What contains the 4 distinct states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma?
(a)
6 Elements
Iron, Plasma, Gas, Liquid, Nitrogen, and Oxyegn,
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Sulfur, Carbon, Plasma, Hydrogen, Phosphorus, and electrons
Atoms, Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, mass, and weight
3 Best Known Subatomic Particles:
Positively charged electrons, Negatively charged protons, and Neutral shells
Positively charged neutrons, Negatively charged electrons, and uncharged neutrons
Positively charged protons, uncharged neutrons, and negatively charged electrons
Electrons, Protons, and Atoms
What 2 things are located inside the nucleus? Use "and" to seperate the answers
(a)
What is located outside of the nucleus?
(a)
Because the precise location of an atom is difficult to establish, we often indicate their:
Probable Positions using math
Amount
Speed
Speed and Amount
Probable Positions using shading
When we are using a model of an atom- for ex: to predict a chemical reaction- we indicate the average location of the elcectrons using:
(a)
The term __ is used, not __, because __ is constant, while __ changes according to the gravitational force of a body.
Weight, Mass, Weight, Mass
Mass, Weight, Mass, Weight
Weight, Mass, Mass, Weight
Mass, Weight, Weight, Mass
To determine the number of neutrons from the atomic mass:
Add the number of protons to the atomic mass & take the closest whole number
Subtract the atomic mass from the number of protons & take the closest whole number
Add the atomic mass to the number of protons & take the closest whole number
Subtract the number of protons from the atomic mass & take the closest whole number
What is the atomic number in the picture?
(a)
What is the atomic symbol in this picture?
(a)
What is the atomic mass in the picture?
(a)
What detects molecular changes?
(a)
The chemical behvaior of a radioactive isotope=
Balanced elements
Unstable Isotopes of an element
Stable Isotopes of an element
Unbalanced elements
The importance of chemistry to medicine is nowhere more evident than in the many:
Medical uses of radioactive isotopes
Medical uses of tracers
Medical uses of hydrogen bonds
Medical uses of elements
What is used to image the body's organs and tissues?
(a)
Radiation from radioactive (a) has been used for many years to sterilize medical and dental products.
Radiation is now used to sterilize the U.S. mail and other packages to free them from (a) (like anthrax sores)
Targeted radioisotopes can be introduced into the body, so that the subatomic particles emitted destroy ONLY the (a) cells. With little risk to the rest of the body.
While the number of neutrons and protons may be easily protrayed because they are located in the nucleus, it is NOT possible to determine the precise (a) of any individual electron at any given moment.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus and can contain up to:
2 electrons
2 protons
8 protons
8 electrons
The second shell can contain up to:
8 protons
3 protons
3 electrons
8 electrons
There are _ naturally occuring elements that serve as the building blocks of matter
84
94
2
10
200
The majority of an atom is
empty space
matter
molecules
water
Generally, atoms are assumed to be:
positive
negative
electrically neutral
neutral
electrically positive
What are the horizontal rows called?
(a)
What are the vertical columns called?
(a)
Some Isoptopes of an element are unstable or:
non radioactive
radioactive
charged
noncharged
When sodium reacts with __, an ionic compound called sodium __ results (salt).
Chlorine, Chloride
Chloride, Chlorine
Sodium, Chloride
Chlorine, acid
When the sharing of electrons between 2 atoms is equal, the covalent bond is a: *However, sometimes, one atom is able to attract electrons to a greater degree then the other atom. In this case, the atom that has a greater attraction for shared pair of electrons has a greater electronegativity*
polar covalent bond
nonpolar covalent bond
When electrons aren't shared equally it is a:
Polar covalent bond
NonPolar covalent bond
The (a) of a molecule may also influence wether it is polar or nonpolar
While (a) is larger and has more protons than a hydrogen atom, the symmetrical nature of a methane cancels out any polarities.
__ is a nonpolar molecule
water
Methane
Ethanol
Sulfur dioxide
When carbon shares pairs of electrons with hydrogen, it is (a) bonding.
When water forms, an oxygen atom is sharing elelctrons with 2 (a) atoms
Structure relates to function
True
False
The shape of water molecules and its polarity result in the formation of (a) bonds.
A hydrogen bond is cause by the attraction of a slightly __ hydrogen to slightly __ atom.
positive, negative
neutral, negative
negative, neutral
negative, positive
Hydrogen bonding is unique to water.
True
False
Other biological molecules (DNA) have (a) covalent bonds involving an electropostive hydrogen and USUALLY an electronegative oxygen or nitrogen. (Hydrogen Bonds can occur)
Although a single __ bond is more easily broken then a single covalent bond, multiple __ bonds are collectively quite strong. *Both blanks should be the same answer*
(a)
Hydrogen bonds between (a) molecules help maintain their proper structure and function. (For ex: hydrogen molecules hold the 2 strands of DNA together, and as the DNA makes copies of itself, hydrogen bonds break easily allowing the DNA to unzip. The hydrogen bonds NORMALLY add stability to the DNA molecule.)
The shape of __ molecules is often maintained by hydrogen bonding between different parts of the same molecule.
Cellular
Covalent
Protein
Hydrogen
The 1st (a) evolves in water and all living organisms are 70-90% water.
Due to (a) bonding, water molecules cling together. This is what gives water its unique chemical properties.
Without hydrogen bonding between molecules, water would freeze at __ and boil at __. This would make most of the water on Earth steam which would make life on Earth unlikely.
-100 C, -91 C
-10 C, -9 C
-91 C, -100 C
100 C, 91 C
91 C, 100 C
Water freezes at __ degrees and boils at __
100, 0
-0, -100
0, 100
-100, 0
The many hydrogen bonds that link water molecules together help water absorb heat without the temp changing __
At All
Significantly
Converting 1 Gram of coldest liquid to ice requires the loss of __ calories of heat energy.
80
-540
-80
540
Water does not hold on to its heat better than other liquids.
True
False
Converting 1 Gram of the hottest water to gas requires an input of __ calories of energy.
540
-80
-540
80
Hydrogen bonds must be broken before water can boil
True
False
At any moment in time, a water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with at most __ other water molecules
4
540
80
100
Water is most dense at (a) degrees
