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WorksheetsSWHS FFA Nursery/Landscape General Knowledge
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
What is the advantage of using plants in the landscape that are native to the area or plants that are derived from native species?
Native plants and selected varieties of native plants are less expensive.
Native plants and selected varieties are smaller at maturity and require less pruning.
Native plants and selected varieties will grow in all soil conditions in the area
Native plants and selected varieties are usually more resistant to pests and are better adapted to the environment of the area
A pesticide that enters the plant system and moves throughout the plant to control plant pests as they feed on the plant tissues is best defined as which of the following?
systemic
internal poison
fumigant
contact poison
Which nutrient is most readily lost from the soil and is applied according to general recommendations for plant needs rather than soil test results?
nitrogen
phosphorous
calcium
magnesium
Generally, solid wooden fences should be about ___ feet high to provide privacy, some wind protection, and reduced noise
4
6
8
10
Which of the following is the best definition of “massing plants” in landscape design?
many plants that grow at different heights so that a vertical wall of green is formed
one half deciduous and one half evergreen plants in a bed
one-third each of deciduous plants, blooming plants, and evergreen plants.
many plants of one or a few species in a group to fill large amounts of landscape space
An example of items commonly found in the service area of the home landscape include
birdbaths, statuary, and fountains
specimen trees, fruiting shrubs, and fountains
miniature putting greens, vegetable gardens, and sitting areas
tool sheds, garbage cans, and storage
The walkway leading to the front door of a home should be at least ___ feet wide.
2
3
4
5
Hydroseeding, which is the process of_____________, is often used to establish grass on steep slopes
applying a mixture of seed, water, fertilizer, and mulch in a spray slurry
infusing hydrogen into seed for quick germination
planting seeds by air pressure
soaking seeds in water and a mild paste before application
Turf that is to be maintained at 2 inches high should be mowed when it is about ____ inches tall.
3
4
5
6
Grasses that are to be maintained at a low height, such as bent grass on golf greens, are best cut with a _____ mower.
rotary
reel
flail
riding
Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting businesses to ensure that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause harm to the employees?
American Community and Workplace Administration.
Cooperative Extension Service.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Hazard Prevention Administration
In the process of obtaining bids on large landscape projects, a _________ bond is often required to assure that the contractor who is selected as the winning bidder for the job will actually sign the contract and follow through to complete the landscape job he/she bid
bail
bid
loss
materials
Upright trees generally have a center, main branch called a _____ and side branches often called _________ branches
top, terminal
sucker, scaffold
main, terminal
leader, lateral
A Federal governmental agency which, among other responsibilities, protects plant health by inspecting for plant diseases that may be brought into the U.S. by international travelers at airports, ports, etc., is:
PLANET
APHIS
NLCA
OSHA
Carrying adequate liability insurance on the business helps reduce_____for the business
inventory
gross sales
costs
risk
simple plant leaf is made up of which of the following?
lenticels, internode, and serrations.
petiole and lenticels
internode, node, petiole, and leaf blade.
petiole and leaf blade.
In the analysis of a landscape business the following data for the year were collected. Which single item is most accurate in indicating the profitability of the business?
Gross sales = $68,000
Payroll = $185,000
Inventory = $213,000
Payroll= $350,000
A customer tells you that a large limb about 5 inches in diameter was broken off of their tree recently in a storm leaving a frayed stub about 15 inches from the tree trunk. What is the best advice for this customer?
Spray the frayed stub with wound spray.
Cut the frayed stub back about 5inchesfrom the trunk and seal with wound dressing
Do nothing. Research has shown that treating wounds of this nature is not beneficial.
Make a clean cut next to the trunk, avoiding the collar area. Apply wound spray if desired.
Which of the following is a Federal tax that is deducted from the pay checks of full time employees?
property tax
Medicaid
Social Security
state income tax
A call to ________ is always advisable if you think you may be digging anywhere near underground utility lines.
411
811
888
977
Patented plants cannot legally be propagated without ___________being paid to the patent holder
development taxes
patent rentals
hybrid taxes
royalties
Which of the following would be the most likely to survive being planted into the landscape during the hot summer months?
bare root deciduous plants
containerized plants
bare root evergreens
balled and burlapped trees
The gap on a spark plug must be a specified width in order to:
provide for the proper flow of gasoline into the cylinder.
allow air flow into the cylinder, which vaporizes the gasoline.
regulate the mixture of air and gasoline.
allow electricity to jump the gap, creating a spark to ignite the fuel.
In most landscape plants, pruning stimulates:
regrowth of shoots near the cut.
development of V-shaped crotches
root growth
internode growth near the cut
USDA Plant Hardiness Zones are based on the ___________ for an area.
lowest expected temperatures
highest expected temperatures
rainfall and soil characteristics
none of the above
Which of the statements below is true concerning the turf grass species specified?
Annual Rye grass is sometimes used as a nurse grass to hold soil in place until a permanent turf grass is established.
Bermuda grass is always grown from seed and is one of the most shade tolerant turf grasses.
Bent grass is a noxious weed that invades lawns and golf greens in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 12.
Annual Blue grass is often used on putting greens due to its cold hardiness and fine texture.
Astilbe, Purple Coneflower, Shasta Daisy, and Day Lily are all classified which of the following?
bulbous
annuals
perennials
biennials
In pruning shrubs, heading back cuts should be made
just below a bud, and as close to the bud being removed as possible
just above a bud in the middle of the internode
diagonally across the center of a node
just above a node, about one fourth of an inch above a bud
Plants that are unusually colorful or have striking growth habits, as well as fountains and statuary, are often used in the landscape as which of the following?
focalization points
convex balance points
silhouettes for balance
mass materials for rhythm
Which of the following is the recommended type of turf aeration that allows for maximum penetration of air and water into the soil?
core
triangular
spike
square
In general, when pruning trees which of the following should be removed?
crossing branches
branches that grow toward the center of the plant
water sprouts
all of the above
Which of the following should NOT generally be added to a potting mix for azaleas?
perlite
lime
peat moss
sand
The signal word “caution” on a pesticide label indicates:
the lowest level of toxicity
the highest level of toxicity
extreme danger to vertebrates
a highly restrictive pesticide
To help prevent plants from growing too close to a building at maturity, most shrubs in the foundation planting should be planted:
about 6 to 12 feet from the foundation.
between 1 to 2 feet from the foundation
no closer than 3 feet from the foundation
no closer than 6 feet from the foundation
An organism capable of causing a disease is called a(n):
enzyme
systemic
pathogen
carcinogen
Which of these grasses cannot generally be established from seed and is most successfully established by plugs, sod, or sprigs?
Hybrid Bermudagrass
Kentucky Bluegrass
Kentucky 31 Fescue
Annual Ryegrass
Which of the following is one strategy that small retail nurseries often use to successfully compete with big box stores and chain garden centers?
selling products at a lower price.
providing better service.
advertising negatively against big box stores and chain garden centers.
advertising on TV.
On which area of a golf course is the care of turf grass most intense and most important?
green
fairway
rough
fringe
Which tree does NOT provide good fall color?
Red Maple
Sugar Maple
Ginkgo
Norway Spruce
Changing the color of blooms on certain Hydrangea macrophylla varieties from pink to blue or from blue to pink is controlled by the availability of _____ in the soil.
nitrogen
aluminum
phosphorus
iron
Which of these is NOT a common type of night lighting for the landscape?
shadow
silhouette
up
crescent
Which of these plants has the finest leaf texture?
Chinese Holly
Japanese Holly
Oregon Grape Mahonia
Red Maple
Extra fuel for easier starting of a small engine is often supplied by pressing the_________.
primer bulb
flywheel
fuel cell
float valve
When is the optimum time to prune Azaleas?
shortly before bud break in the spring.
shortly after blooming in the spring
in the late fall
Between January 1st and March 1st
A fuel/oil mix ranging from 16:1 to 50:1, depending on the manufacturers’ recommendation ,is required in:
two-cycle engines
three-cycle engines
four-cycle engines
diesel engines
Which of these ornamental trees is commonly sold in either white or pink blooming varieties?
Ginkgo
Japanese Maple
European Beech
Dogwood
Which plant disease organism is the most difficult to control with chemicals once the plant is infected?
bacteria
fungus
virus
mildew
IPM is an acronym for which of the following?
interrelated pest management.
integrated pest management.
intensive pest management.
intensive pest material
During a recession, businesses often have to cut costs to stay in business as sales decline. If sales fall for a production nursery, which cost can be reduced most effectively in the short-run to help preserve the business?
overhead costs
variable costs
fixed assets
property taxes
Which of the following is false statement?
Generally, shrubs in the landscape should be within bed lines.
Shrubs of the same species that are grouped together should generally be used in odd numbers.
Tall growing trees should be planted on the sides of the home with short trees in the back and medium sized trees in the front.
Cornus florida prefers partial shade.
A method used to measure the acute oral and dermal toxicities of pesticides is called:
A. Insecticide Tolerance Dosage (ITD)
LD50
2, 4-D25
Toxicology Dose (TD).
In which of the following situations would a soil sterilant be used most appropriately?
On a gravel parking lot
Under mature trees
Around shrubs planted in beds
Under small to medium sized trees
Which of these is NOT a type of plant grafting or budding?
Whip and tongue grafting
Cleft grafting
Root-budding
T-budding
In a weed-infested lawn where there are large bare spots, and less than one-third of the lawn is covered with a desirable grass, a landscaper may decide it is best to start over by spraying the lawn with _________ to kill all existing grass and weeds and then replant the lawn.
Glyphosphate (Roundup)
A selective insecticide
Mercaptan (Captan)
2, 4-D
Which of the following is NOT true about leaf galls on trees and shrubs?
Leaf galls look unattractive but most are harmless to the overall health of the tree or shrub.
Leaf galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue caused by an organism attacking the leaf
Leaf galls may be caused by insects, mites, fungi, or bacteria.
Once leaf galls appear, a comprehensive spray regime must be followed to save the plant.
A bright orange triangle on the back of a vehicle means:
Slow moving vehicle.
Disabled veteran.
Oversized load.
Farm truck.
Which of these statements about turf irrigation is most accurate?
It is best to water turf each day with shallow watering.
It is best to irrigate turf every other day with shallow watering rather than deep watering.
Turf should be watered only during mid-day
Turf should be watered deeply about once a week as needed.
An important factor in applying pesticides is knowing what part of the plant is generally attacked by the pest and where the pest is usually found on the plant. Spider mites usually congregate:
Under the leaves
Along the main trunk and stems.
On top of the leaves along the midrib.
Along the petioles of new-growth leaves.
Many nursery and landscape operations are incorporating more environmentally sustainable practices into their businesses to reduce their carbon footprint. These include all of the following EXCEPT:
Reducing energy and fossil fuel use.
Conserving natural resource inputs.
Recycling materials
Decreasing production efficiency.
Larger landscape projects, such as commercial building complexes, should include a storm water management plan to help route storm water runoff into:
Infiltration swales and basins
Small creeks that flow to rivers
Municipal sewer systems.
Rivers that flow to lakes.
Which of the following concerning the inventory of nursery and landscape businesses is true?
Items in inventory are assets.
If items are in inventory at the end of the year, it indicates that a profit was made in the business
Inventory items are reported as a loss in the business analysis.
An increase in inventory is not considered in the business analysis.
If production and sales at a container nursery increase dramatically, variable costs most likely would:
Remain the same.
Decrease.
Not be a factor in increased production
Increase.
In monocots, the number of cotyledons is ____, while the number of cotyledons in dicots is ____.
One; two
One; three
Two; three
Two; four
Rooting softwood cuttings requires management of several environmental factors for the highest rate of success. These factors include which of the following?
Low humidity, saturated rooting media, full sunlight
High humidity, bright but indirect light, moist rooting media
Cool rooting media, warm air temperature, and low light
Fine textured rooting media, low light, and low soil temperature
. It is always wise to have the landscape site checked for underground utility lines before digging. Call _____ to request that utility lines be located and marked before beginning a landscaping job.
911
811
711
611
Which of these generally increases the rooting percentage of softwood cuttings?
Applying gentle bottom heat
Fertilizing cuttings heavily for the first thirty days
Providing soil moisture through sub-irrigation
Allowing the soil and plants to dry between irrigation cycles
Blackspot on roses, as well as powdery and downy mildews on plants, are caused by:
Fungi
Insects
Viruses
Bacteria
Which of these tress, depending on variety, may bloom white or pink?
Tulip tree
Sweet Gum
European Beech
Dogwood
Which of the following is considered a landscape maintenance task?
Laying sod
Deadheading marigolds
Harvesting sod
Planting trees
Generally, the best time to prune deciduous trees is:
Early winter and early fall.
Late summer and early fall.
Late winter and early spring
Mid-winter and mid-summer
A bag of fertilizer with an analysis of 5-10-15 consists of:
5% nitrogen, 10% potash, and 15% phosphorus.
5% potash, 10% nitrogen, and 15% phosphorus
5% phosphorus, 10% potash, and 15% nitrogen.
5% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus, and 15% potash.
Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledons?
Dicot veins are net-like, branching from the midrib into a network of finer veins
Dicots have parallel leaf veins.
Dicot seedlings have one cotyledon.
Grasses are dicotyledons.
Which of these fertilizers is most likely to cause the greatest flush of new vegetative growth if applied to lawn grasses when other conditions are favorable for growth?
33-0-0
5-10-15
0-10-10
15-25-10
If the pH of a Bermudagrass or fescue lawn is 5.0, then an application of _____would most likely be recommended to adjust the pH
Sulfur
Lime
Ammonium nitrate
Aluminum
Overhead watering of nursery crops in the evening, especially after the sun sets may:
Cause leaching.
Increase insect problems.
Cause damage to the leaf stomata.
Increase the chance of disease development.
Which signal word on a pesticide label indicates the most serious hazard?
Caution
Warning
Danger
Harmful
A foundation planting with 10 foot high plants in the background and 1 foot high plants in front of them would most likely violate this principal or element of design:
Proportion
Simplicity
Texture
Variety
Which items should be included in variable costs for a container plant nursery?
Containers and plant labels
Utilities and computer equipment
Equipment payments and land payments
Land payments and utility bills
PLANET is best described as:
A national trade association serving the landscape and lawn care industry.
The national organization of plant hobbyists
A federal agency charged with protection of the nursery and landscape industry.
An arm of the USDA for tracking and controlling pests in the nursery and landscape industry.
A plant process in which stored sugars are used as energy by the plant for growth is:
Photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration.
Chlorosis.
Embryonic exchange.
A number of good management practices may be used to control pests, including removing infested plants, maintaining healthy propagation stock, and applying pesticides. When used together as needed, these methods are best described as:
Regulated Plant Management
Integrated Pest Management.
Integrated Plant Observation.
Regulated Pest Control.
If sand and organic matter are incorporated into a growing media for container plants, it would be expected that _______________ will be improved.
Drainage
Topography
Silt content
Clay content
How many trees can be grown on an acre if they are planted in rows that are 6 feet apart with trees in the row spaced 4 feet apart?
20,708
13,560
10,893
1,815
Most hollies are ________, having male parts on one plant and female parts on another plant
Dioecious
Monecious
Dichotomous
Monogamous
If a tree is a weeping variety, such as a weeping willow or weeping cherry, it would be expected to:
Lose unusually large amounts of water through transpiration
Develop gracefully drooping limbs.
Be highly susceptible to breaking limbs.
Require regular shearing to control growth.
Crowding container-grown shrubs closely together for long periods during growth will most likely result in plants being too:
Tall and leggy.
Short and wide.
Compact.
Stiff and easily broken by wind.
Some non-native landscape plants have spread out of control into the surrounding natural landscape. They grow aggressively and compete with native plants. In the landscape trade they are known as:
Natives
Invasives
Perennials
Occidentals
A lawn is observed to have hundreds of rod-shaped plugs of soil about three inches long lying on top of the turf where they have been pulled from the soil. What landscape practice is most likely to have been performed on this turf?
Core aeration
Spike aeration
Fertilizer injection
Pesticide injection
One guideline for retail face-to-face sales is to:
Show the customer all items that meet their need as well as all the items they should not consider.
Provide the customer with the two least expensive items for them to choose from
Tell the customer your favorite item and don’t offer any other choices until they have refused that item.
Help the customer narrow their choices and provide a few, two to three, items to choose from.
A 50 pound bag of fertilizer with an analysis of 16–4–8 contains ________ pounds of nitrogen
8
16
28
30
A soil with a pH of 4.0 would probably be too __________ for most landscape plants
Alkaline
Acidic
Dry
High in Potash
The use of parasitic wasps and lady bird beetles to control insects is considered:
Insecticidal pest control
Cultured pest management
Biological pest control
Cannibalistic pest management
Two closely related plants may be the same genus and species yet have different characteristics because they are:
In different kingdoms
In different cultivars
In different families
In different orders
A dichotomous key may be used to:
Identify an unknown plant.
Initiate safety procedures.
Analyze the profitability of a business.
Determine the proper spacing of plants in the growing area.
A light covering of straw is sometimes placed over newly seeded turf areas to:
Hold moisture
Supply nitrogen
Conserve nutrients
Supply organic nutrition
Which of the following is NOT true about the proper construction and maintenance of a compost pile?
Food scraps are usually excluded from compost piles to prevent rodent infestation.
The compost pile should be kept as cool as possible
Topsoil may be added as an inoculant to a compost pile
A compost pile should be kept moist.
Which of these parts on a small gasoline engine allows electricity to jump a gap during the cranking process, creating a spark that ignites the fuel and starts the engine?
Cylinder
Air gap
flywheel
spark plug
Most plant diseases are caused by:
Pythium and rhizoctonia
Bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Nematodes
Molds, nematodes, and mildew
One of the primary safety features on a chainsaw is the:
pressure valve
chain brake
differential
plastic handle
Focalization in the home landscape is used to:
Focus the viewer’s eye on a feature of the landscape or home.
Balance the landscape between each end of the home.
Unify the public and private areas of the landscape.
Simplify the overall landscape complexity.
In most interiorscapes, such as those found in indoor malls and large office buildings, the most limiting factor in maintaining good plant health is usually:
soil nutrition
light
daily variation in temperature
water
Which of these plants die to the ground each fall and reemerge in the spring from the same root system in most areas of the US?
Peony
Marigold
Wax begonia
Zinnia
Which of these plants bloom naturally in the fall only?
Chrysanthemum
Marigold
Wax bagonia
Zinnia
After the agriculture class planted hollies on each side of the entrance to the school, it was noticed that those plants on the right of the entrance produced colorful berries while those on the left never produced berries. What is the most likely explanation?
Hollies on the left and right are most likely different cultivars.
The soil on the right side has better structure.
Plants on the left side of the entrance probably did not receive enough fertilizer.
Hollies are dioecious and the plants on the left are likely male.
Which area of turf on a golf course is usually mowed shortest and generally receives the most care?
collar and apron
fairway
green
rough
When a golf ball lands on the green, the ball may dig into the turf requiring repair of the ___ by the greensworker
backspin path
ball mark
ball shot dip
greens dip
Which of the following statements is most correct about soils of the US?
Soil pH is usually acidic
Soil pH is usually alkaline
Soil pH varies widely by region.
Soils vary widely in nutrition but all require the addition of lime to some degree.
Which description of job duties most accurately matches those of an arborist?
Maintains, prunes, removes, plants, and performs general care of trees.
Maintains landscapes, performing such tasks as fertilization, pruning, mowing, and mulch application.
May plan and install specific portions of a landscape or entire landscape jobs including irrigation, walls, plant materials, landscape features, hardscapes, and softscapes
Mainly plans and designs landscapes including grading, installing drainage, and irrigation systems. A four-year or higher college degree is required.
Which of the plants below are considered invasive plants?
White pine and Japanese maple
English ivy and bamboo
Bermuda grass and Japanese holly
Winged euonymus and spirea
A soil with a pH of 7.5 would probably be too __________ for most landscape plants.
alkaline
acidic
dry
high in potash
If the _________ are pruned from a plant, the plant can generally be expected to become bushier.
stamens
lateral buds
petioles
terminal buds
Which description of job duties most accurately matches those of a Landscape Contractor?
Maintains, prunes, removes, plants, and performs general care of trees.
Maintains landscapes, performing such tasks as fertilization, pruning, mowing, and mulch application.
May plan and install specific portions of a landscape or entire landscape jobs including irrigation, walls, plant materials, landscape features, hardscapes, and softscapes.
Mainly plans and designs landscapes including grading, installing drainage, and irrigation systems. A four-year or higher college degree is required.
Which description of job duties most accurately matches those of a Landscape Architect?
Plan and design landscapes. They hold bachelors or higher academic degrees. They are often involved in larger projects such as planning the building site, grading, drainage, and landscape features for an office complex before construction on the buildings begin.
Maintains landscapes, performing such tasks as fertilization, pruning, mowing, and mulch application.
May plan and install specific portions of a landscape or entire landscape jobs including irrigation, walls, plant materials, landscape features, hardscapes, and softscapes.
Mainly plans and designs landscapes including grading, installing drainage, and irrigation systems. A two-year or higher college degree is required.
Which of the following is an example of an unethical business practice?
A nurseryman offers a 20% discount to a landscape company purchasing large numbers of plants
A nurseryman accepts sample plants from a grower’s sales representative
A landscape estimator exaggerates the need for repairs to a customer's landscape after a storm.
A turf management company creates an advertisement that highlights their strengths and states that other companies cannot perform to their standards.
In which of the following situations does the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) protect workers from disciplinary action if they refuse to perform a job that may be hazardous?
All the workers agree that the work is too difficult.
The workers have been informed of the type of disciplinary action that might be taken.
The workers are paid less than $20 per hour.
The workers believe in good faith that they are in imminent danger and have informed their employer.
Which of the following best describes an entrepreneurial opportunity with the greatest opportunity for high personal profit, but also with the greatest chance for personal financial loss?
A career as the sales representative for a plant biotechnology company
A position as the marketing manager of a large, incorporated landscape company
A position as head accountant for a newly franchised business that is not incorporated
A career as the owner of a small landscape maintenance company.
Which of these is the best description of an invoice?
A bill sent to a supplier by the purchaser authorizing shipment of a product to the customer at a specified price and terms.
A document sent to a vendor requesting prices and quantities of materials available and terms of payment for selected products.
A document sent by the selling company describing their products or services for sale and terms of payment available.
A bill sent by the business providing a product or service to the purchaser which establishes an obligation on the part of the purchaser to pay for the products or services.
Which signal word on a pesticide label indicates the least serious hazard and is often found on pesticides sold to homeowners?
Caution
Warning
Danger
Harmful
How many trees can be grown on an acre if they are planted in rows that are 5 feet apart with trees in the row spaced 3 feet apart?
1,401
1,560
2,904
4,215
Which of these is a pest control system in which some pest damage is tolerated before pesticides are applied?
integrated pest management
zero tolerance pest management
pre-treatment pest management
fumigation pest management
The most important type of insurance that a landscaper should have to help protect the property owner as well as themselves includes:
collision and conversion insurance
life insurance on each worker
income protection insurance
business liability insurance
Which of these is a beneficial organism in the landscape?
spider mites
white grubs
earth worms
aphids
Which of these is a complete fertilizer?
46-0-0
33-0-0
0-46-0
5-10-15
Which of these fertilizer formulations would be best to use in a situation where root growth stimulation and flower production was desired instead of foliage growth?
46-0-0
3-20-20
20-20-20
33-0-0
On a topographic map, lines are drawn to represent vertical elevation (slope of the property). These are referred to as:
vertical detail lines
common elevation bench marks
contour lines
lines of symmetry
Plants, such as irises and daffodils, which produce foliage and flowers during the growing season, die back to the ground during winter, and re-sprout the next spring are called:
Flowering annuals
Woody perennials
Herbaceous perennials
Herbaceous annuals
Landscape soils that are _______ are generally best for plant growth.
sandy
loamy
high in silt content
high in clay content
The following notes were given for a landscape installation project. Which is NOT within standard recommendations?
The walk to the front door should be 42 inches wide.
The front drive should be 6 feet wide.
Foundation plants should be a minimum of 3 feet from the foundation.
The mature shrub height should not be high enough to cover windows.
Which of the following types of organic matter generally should NOT be used in the landscape planting holes?
Peat moss
Composted leaves
Aged, ground, pine bark
Fresh sawdust
Three of the six landscape design principles are: rhythm, unity, and focalization. What are the other three?
Balance, proportion, and simplicity
Orientation, texture, and pattern
Line, form, and ray
Spacing, color, and line
Which of the following plants is most often propagated by budding or grafting?
Azalea
Hybrid Tea Rose
Sweet Gum
Red Maple
Some of the most important topics of discussion affecting the nursery and landscape industry in recent years include:
water use restrictions, green roofs/walls, and noise pollution control.
temperature inversion, fertilizer analysis, and irrigation water temperature.
biological propagation, topsoil restriction, and recycling safety.
hazards of sharp equipment, diesel mowers, and carbon toxicity.
One of the long recognized retail techniques to help with retail sales is to:
place no more than nine products before the customer to choose from
show the customer every possible product to meet their needs.
let the customer hold, examine, and get the feel of the product.
always point out the product specification on the side of the box.
Which of the following is undesirable in landscape trees?
Terminal buds
V-shaped crotches
Lenticels
Internode growth
If a home owner applied lime, nitrogen, phosphate, and potash at recommended rates to his lawn one year, which nutrient is he almost certain to have to reapply the next year?
Lime
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potash
The most common type of landscape plan drawing prepared by designers is the _________. In this type of drawing, the viewer observes the site and landscape objects as though they are above the site, looking downward.
plan view
elevation view
perspective view
axonometric view
Which of these is a good procedure when planting large balled and burlapped trees in the landscape?
Remove all the burlap and any string or rope around the ball or tree trunk prior to placing the tree in the planting hole
Set the tree in the planting hole, then remove ropes or string securing the burlap to the root ball and roll the burlap back from the trunk.
At planting, leave the burlap and securing ropes and twine in place on the root ball for 6 to 12 months before removal.
At planting, re-tighten the rope or twine securing the burlap to the root ball; leave the burlap and securing ropes and twine in place for approximately 6 to 12 months or until the tree is well established.
Which of the grass types below will be LESS likely to increase in width of the grass plant and completely cover an area when planted at less than optimal rate?
warm season grasses
grasses with rhizomes
grasses with stolons
bunch type grasses
A homeowner has been on vacation for 3 weeks and comes home to an out-of-control lawn with the grass 5 to 6 inches tall. She normally keeps the grass cut to about 2 inches high. What is the best advice for this homeowner?
cut off no more than 1/3 of the growth at one time until the grass is back to the desired height
make sure the mower blade is very sharp; cut the grass to two inches but water and fertilize heavily after mowing
cut the grass to two inches high in the late afternoon and water heavily to prevent sun scorch
fertilize and water the grass about two days before mowing to make sure the grass is in good health, then cut to two inches high
At maturity, a large deciduous tree planted at the ______ corner of a home in North America will provide summer afternoon shade while allowing the winter sun to warm the home.
northwest
southeast
southwest
northeast
. Suppose a landscaper has a client who wants more unusual plants in their home landscape. They have found photos of plants they like on the internet and sent them to the landscaper. After identifying the plants, the landscaper should consult ___________ to determine the likelihood of the plants surviving in the client’s landscape.
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) national weather map
the National Weather Service Rainfall Map for that area
an Extension Service Weather Map
the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
Characteristics of the bare-root system of packaging of landscape plants for sale and transplanting include all of the following except:
The transplanting season is extended through summer, much longer than container and balled and burlapped plants.
Bare-root packaged plants are lighter in weight than container plants and balled and burlapped plants.
Bare-root packaged plants are generally smaller plants and less expensive compared to container and balled and burlapped plants.
The plants sold by this method are usually deciduous species.
Although methods vary by grower, there are basic guidelines for preparing containers of soil for seeding. Which of these is one acceptable method of firming the seedbed in the nursery trade?
Pack the soil in the container with the palms of the hand as tightly as possible to remove water and air.
Lightly tamp the soil-filled contain on the bench two to three times to settle the soil.
Firm the soil with the hands; water thoroughly and apply more hand pressure so the soil is very firm.
None of the above. Soil in containers for seeding should be loose and contain as much air as possible.
Which category of plants below fit this definition best? “A naturally aggressive plant species introduced to a new habitat. It colonizes easily in new areas and usually gains an ecological advantage over plants native to the area because the insects, diseases, and foraging animals that naturally keep its growth in check in its native habitat are not present in its new habitat.”
domesticated plants
bryophytes
invasives
epiphytic plants
Which of the following statements is true about plant propagation by cuttings?
Remove any leaves that will be under the soil or touching the soil when the cutting is stuck.
Remove all lenticels and any leaves that will be under the soil when the cutting is stuck.
Treat each node and bud on hard-to-root cuttings with the appropriate rooting hormone
Avoid placing any of the cutting nodes under the soil surface
A homeowner is having trouble with rodents and occasionally snakes around their compost pile. Which of these would be a good recommendation to alleviate this problem?
Once the manure pile is constructed, do not disturb the organic matter.
Keep the manure pile as dry as possible by covering with a water-proof tarp or plastic cover.
Do not add meat scraps and similar food materials to the compost pile
All of the above
A group of foliage plants were taken from the nursery where they had received optimal light, nutrition, water, and other conditions for rapid growth and shipped to a contractor installing these and other plants in a large indoor shopping mall. The plants were installed in the interiorscape project within 3 days of leaving the nursery. In a few weeks these once healthy plants began to show signs of failing health such as leaf drop, yellowing leaves, and general unthriftiness. Which of these is the likely problem?
the plants were not properly acclimated
the plants were over fertilized
a disease from other plants in the interiorscape infected the new plants
the plants were getting too much light in the mall interiorscape
The school agriculture department created a plant replica of the school mascot, a tiger, by training and pruning a plant into the shape of a tiger. This type of specialized plant art is best known as:
residual pruning
heading-back
topiary
micro-pruning
A sidewalk in a high traffic area of a public site that would allow two people to walk together or pass each other comfortably should be about ___ feet wide minimum.
12
10
8
5
In the botanical name Echinacea purpurea ‘Magnus', Magnus is the:
family
cultivar
genus
species
