_______________ established the first psychological laboratory in 1879.

The _______________ perspective is a psychological approach that emphasizes the mental processes in perception, memory, language, and problem solving.

Which of the following professionals is NOT a mental health practitioner?

______________ usually divide their time between supervising and teaching students, completing administrative tasks, and carrying out psychological research.

Professor Thomas approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious processes within the individual, such as inner forces or conflicts. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

The first step in any scientific investigation is ________.

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a ________.

After you have identified a problem you want to study, the next step in the scientific method is to ____________.

A way of processing information in which we examine assumptions, evaluate evidence, look for hidden agendas, and assess conclusions is called __________________.

If you are reading a review of a product and discover that the person writing the review is a part owner of the product's company, you might question the reviewer's claims based on which of the following?

Joaquin went to McDonald's to observe people eating in fast-food restaurants. He brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Joaquin said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of ________.

When you watch dogs play in the park, or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________.

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ________.

Which of the following questions could be answered best by using the survey method?

A group of randomly selected participants for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________.

Paul records data that indicate that the number of hot chocolates sold at the concession stand increases as temperature outside decreases (for example, more hot chocolates are purchased during late fall than late spring). Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of this finding?

All of the following variables, except for ________, would likely show a positive correlation.

A study shows that the correlation between shoe size and intelligence is .05. This means that _____________.

Golf skill is negatively correlated with golf scores. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship between two variables?

The variables of stress and depression are positively correlated. This means _______________.

The administration of Midwest State University wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student participation in classrooms. They arrange the chairs in two different ways (theater style and circular) and then measure participation. In this study, ________ is the independent variable, and _________ is the dependent variable.

Experiments are more valuable than other research methods because they _______________________.

In a laboratory, children are given either a beverage with sugar or one without sugar. The experimenter measures the level of hyperactivity in the children following consumption of the beverage. The experimental group in this scenario consists of children who ____________________.

Isabella is planning on studying the influence of intelligence on the ability to recall events from the 1960s. If Isabella does not account for variables such as age, which could also influence one's ability to recall these events, age could be considered a(n) ________ variable.

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning random assignment?

Which early movement of psychology investigated how our minds help us adapt to the world around us?

What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?

Evolutionary psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built into the brain because ____________________.

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective.

Which of the following is NOT an example of applied psychology?

___________ psychologists interview patients, give diagnostic tests, provide psychotherapy, and design and implement behavioral modification programs

A psychology student had to use the steps of the scientific method for a class project. He first decided to study the effect of age on clothing choices. He then formulated a hypothesis that older people would prefer more conservative clothing than younger people. Where did he go wrong?

Ashley is using the scientific method to test whether male children are more violent than female children. What will she most likely do first?

Testing a hypothesis is the ______ step in a scientific investigation.

Which of the following is an example of critical thinking?

A large automobile company says the cars the company makes are the safest in the world. You have driven one of these vehicles for a week and have not had any accidents or problems. Therefore, you believe the company's claim about safety. This error in critical thinking is related to which of the following steps?

____________ occurs in situations where a research participant's behavior is different than normal because the participant is being observed.

Dr. Littman-Smith is conducting research in Kenya into the ways that mothers and their toddlers interact throughout the day. Given the purpose of her study, she most likely is engaged in ________.

Sam conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for a psychology class. He observed the interactions of parents and children at a restaurant. He believes many parents spoil their children in today's society. He observed many parents allowing children to get away with bad behavior such as being rude to the wait staff. When Sam described his work to his teacher, she suggested he find out more about the ________.

Dr. Sardonicus wants to know whether or not the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language. She decides to study a child who was tragically deprived of human language by her parents. This type of research is called a(n):

Which of the following is a limitation of a case study?

Jana conducts a study in which she calls participants and asks them questions about their opinions. She is conducting a:

Dr. Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college juniors in the United States. He should ________.

Julie finds that the more she sleeps on the eve of an exam, the higher the score she gets on the exam. There is _______________ correlation between the amount Julie sleeps and her exam scores.

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?

All of the following variables would likely be negatively correlated EXCEPT _______.

Correlations do not show ________.

You read online that people who make more money are also healthier. Your friends says, "I guess money can even buy good health now." You respond with:

Independent variable is to dependent variable as ________.

A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat, and some are given no chocolate at all, and then all of the participants are tested for nervousness an hour later. In this experiment, the participants who eat the chocolate are in the __________ group, while the people who did not eat any chocolate are in the __________ group.

A research hypothesis proposes that consuming a low carbohydrate diet results in increased weight loss. One group of participants follows a low-carb diet for 3 weeks, whereas a second group follows a high-carb diet containing the same number of calories for 3 weeks. The average number of pounds lost for each group is then is compared. What is the dependent variable?

________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle for psychological research?

Researchers designed an experiment that tested the impact of drinking alcohol on test taking abilities. They gave one group a drink with vodka and the other group a drink with tonic water. Neither group knew which drink they received. One interesting result of the experiment was that several members of the group who received the drink with the tonic water acted as if they were impaired. This result is called the _______________.

Social _______________ refers to the role of our thoughts and interpretations in social interactions.

How long does it typically take a person to formulate a judgment about the trustworthiness of a stranger?

Nate thinks Republicans and Democrats almost never work together in Congress. The reason he believes this is that he finds it much easier to think of examples of politicians from the two parties not working together than to think of examples of them working together. It is likely that the ______________ has caused Nate to underestimate how frequently Democrats and Republicans work together.

Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

While stuck in a traffic jam, Yani notices a frustrated driver frequently honking his horn. Yani thinks to himself, "That driver is a real jerk!" This is an example of a _______________ attribution.

______________ refers to the tendency to overestimate dispositional influences (and underestimate situational influences) when explaining another person's behavior.

The self-serving bias involves making ______________ attributions for your success and ____________ attributions for your failures.

Which of the following is not one of the three major components of attitudes?

Which of the following is the best example of the behavioral component of an attitude?

Representative Jansen, a U.S. congresswoman, believes in the reproductive rights and welfare of women but voted to ban late-term abortions. Jansen feels very uneasy about the conflict between her beliefs and her behavior. She is most likely experiencing_______.

Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)?

Which one of the following activities will not reduce cognitive dissonance?

Which communicator would likely be the most persuasive?

A local car insurance company advertises their products with television commercials. During those spots, there are flashy lights, attractive dancers wearing skin-tight outfits, and local celebrities talking about how they are customers of the company. The advertisement does not, however, mention any of the features or costs associated with the product. This company is attempting to earn customers through which path of processing?

Behavior initiated or changed in response to a request, as opposed to a command or direct order, is an example of _______.

Many people hang up on telemarketers, but others will listen politely to their pitches even if they are not interested in the product. Telemarketers know that anyone who agrees to listen to a pitch is more likely to buy the product, thanks to the ________ phenomenon.

Which method of compliance was at work during Milgram's obedience study?

Which of the following increased the likelihood that participants would disobey in Milgram's obedience study?

In what way is compliance different from conformity?

Asch's studies showed that overall conformity to group pressure occurred about ______ of the time.

Cyberbullying is a common form of aggression among adolescents. The concept of _____________ would explain the high prevalence of cyberbullying in terms of the presence of anonymity within a group situation.

Prejudice is a(n) _________, whereas discrimination is a(n) ________.

Increased contact between two warring groups has a tendency to ________.

Which of the following explains why a person may become aggressive?

Which of the following is considered a risk factor for intimate partner violence?

All of the following are Sternberg's components of love except ________________.

Graycen was walking alone through the mall and suddenly experienced an epileptic seizure. She would be most likely helped if ___________________ .

A car crash woke John from his afternoon nap. When he looked out his apartment window, he saw several people milling around two smashed cars. He decided not to dial 911 because he assumed someone had already called. John's reaction is an example of ______.

Person perception involves the study of_______.

Which of the following terms is associated with social cognition?

Which of the following descriptions best defines implicit personality theory?

Mental shortcuts used to reduce complex information from the world around us are called _______.

The fundamental attribution error involves overestimating ___________________ influences when explaining another person’s behavior.

Garrett has a tendency to take credit for his good actions, but he attributes his mistakes to factors beyond his control. This is an example of the _____.

You are playing baseball and miss catching a ball that should have been easy to catch. Others watching you are likely to think you aren't good at playing baseball, whereas you are likely to point out that the sun was in your eyes. This is an example of which type of attribution?

Rhianna works in a retail clothing store. Her boss pointed out that she rarely offers help to the overweight customers. When asked about this, Rhianna denied having any negative attitudes toward people who are overweight. Rhianna is verbally expressing a(n) _____________ attitude, but her behavior suggests that her _____________ attitude may be different.

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. Her trust of the candidate represents the ___________________ component of her attitude toward him.

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) classic study on cognitive dissonance, participants who were paid $20 for doing a boring task, in contrast to those who were paid $1 for doing the same task, ________.

Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance?

For months, you have been thinking that you need to lose weight to be healthier, yet you are still eating fast food every day. Which of the following approaches will reduce the cognitive dissonance you are experiencing?

Political and other messages should be simple so that the audience can focus on and understand the content without distractions. This example is assuming which type of processing suggested by the elaboration likelihood model?

Which message is likely to be the most persuasive?

A person asks you to volunteer to counsel delinquent youth at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she asks if you could supervise them during a trip to the zoo. She is using the ______ technique.

A dealer persuades a customer to buy a new car by reducing the price to well below that of his competitors. Once the customer has agreed to buy the car, the terms of the sale are shifted by lowering the value of the trade-in and requiring the purchase of expensive extra equipment. Now the car costs well above the current market rate. This is an example of the ______ technique.

What is the difference between obedience and conformity?

People are more likely to be obedient to authority if _______.

Vince has always believed children deserve the best prenatal care available. During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express very negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. When it is his turn to speak, he voices an opinion more in keeping with the previous speakers. Vince's behavior is an example of _______________________.

Conformity may result from normative social influence, which involves _________________ and/or informational social influence, which refers to ________________.

A teacher decides against assigning group projects in which all group members get the same grade. What social-psychological phenomenon might the teacher be concerned about?

When members of a group discuss similar opinions about a topic, their views on the topic tend to become even more extreme. This phenomenon is referred to as _______.

Prejudice is to discrimination as ________.

Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from ________.

Research has shown that males tend to exhibit more ____________ aggression, whereas females tend to display more ____________ aggression.

Intimate partner violence refers to aggressive behavior between which groups of people?

The mere exposure effect is the tendency of people to _______.

John Gottman has studied relationships for more than 40 years. Which of the following has he identified as an important predictor of a successful marriage?

All of the following are decision points in helping behavior except ____________.

Tristan became aware that a fellow student had become a victim of bullying. Tristan did all he could to help his classmate, even though he didn't know him well and didn't expect any reward in return. Tristan's behavior is an example of _______.

The approach suggesting our memory works like an administrative assistant that encodes, stores, and retrieves information is called the ____________.

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, the structure of memory can be divided into three distinct types. What are these three aspects of memory?

Atkinson and Shiffrin used the example of a __________ to help describe memory in their 1968 theory.

According to the connectionist model of memory, memory is viewed as a set of interconnected _______ in the brain.

When someone says the words "ice cream," most people will have numerous images pop into their head. Those images may be common like a picture of an ice cream cone as well as more specific like their favorite flavor. This is an example of which model of memory?

Iconic memory is a type of _______ memory and handles our _______ senses.

Echoic memory lasts for _______?

What is the duration of short-term memory?

Working memory is said to be used for more complex _______ tasks, while short term memory functions as primarily a __________ facility.

Henna is having difficulty with her psychology class. She visited with her professor and she told her to try to understand and remember the meaning of a concept by connecting that concept to a personal story. What is this strategy called?

Shania needed to remember to pick up seven items at the grocery store. She didn't want to write it down so she made up a story in her head imagining herself walking through her house and visualizing each item in a different room in the house. This is called the _______ technique.

The memory of a student's first semester of college, when they were stressed and anxious, is considered what type of long-term memory?

Howard has not ridden a bike in 10 years. He first learned to ride a bike when he was 5 years old and enjoyed riding throughout his childhood. He recently bought a new bike and had no problem riding it around the block. The type of memory that allows him to recall this skill is called?

Leeann was telling her friend about a movie with her favorite actor. She wanted her friend to guess his name so she gave her friend the first initial to his first and last name. Leeann provided a ___________ for her friend.

____________ states that context is encoded along with information and therefore memories are most easily retrieved when the context of the retrieval matches the context of the encoding.

Aashna remembers exactly where she was, what she was wearing, and who she was with when she first heard the news of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Aashna has a ____________.

Spencer believes he learned about the famous "Stanford Prison Experiment" from his psychology class. His professor tells him they haven't covered that topic yet so he must have heard about it from someone else. Spencer experienced a ____________.

Selma witnessed a robbery at a convenience store. She watched various news reports about the robbery prior to being interviewed by police. When she was interviewed, she remembered some inaccurate details. Selma has experienced ______________.

Given what you know about Ebbinghaus's research on forgetting, what advice about studying would you give your friend?

Trent just moved and has to list all addresses on a job application. He has no problem remembering the new address, but when the application requests his old address he cannot remember it. Trent is experiencing which type of interference?

What is it called when some people work to actively forget memories of trauma or abuse?

Caroline has dementia and can no longer remember the names of her grandchildren. She is experiencing which type of amnesia?

The famous patient known as H.M. developed anterograde amnesia after having his temporal lobes removed. This led to him no longer being able to create _______ memories, but his _______ memory remained functional.

Short–term memory or working memory has been localized in the ________ and the ____________.

Which parts of the brain are necessary for procedural memories and habits related to movement?

Which brain structure plays an important role in processing emotions, especially strong emotions like fear?

The strengthening of neural connections, which is considered the biological basis of memory, is called ____________.

When a new concept or behavior is learned, repeated, and practiced, there is a _______ change in the neurons, which often involves the growth on new receptors.

Maria has decided to learn to play the piano at the age of 55. She knows this will be good for her brain because as she learns something new her brain actually changes as a result of the experience. What is this process called?

Fill in the blanks to complete the correct order of the structures and processes associated with Atkinson and Shiffrin's three-stage model of memory: sensory memory, _________, ____________, elaborative rehearsal, ______________.

The three-stage model of memory emphasized both the _________ and the __________ associated with memory.

According to the connectionist model of memory, memory is viewed as a _________________.

The parallel distributed processing model of memory has been likened to which game?

When Jamal thinks about the first time he played hockey, he remembers the smell of the ice, the sound of his stick hitting the puck, and how much he loved the game. In retrieving this memory, Jamal is accessing _______________ in his brain.

Sensory memory is primarily a(n) _________ process.

Anika has just asked her son to pick up his toys. Even though he heard her, he responds with "what did you say?" He is experiencing the echoic memory delay, which means we _____ information quicker than we can ______ it.

To increase the capacity of short-term memory, you can combine small bits of information into larger meaningful units. What is this strategy called?

The brain processes and codes information in three different ways, which include _______, ________, and _______.

Enrique is practicing new study strategies. His professor told him that he needs to make sure he is effectively encoding information. Which strategy or strategies should Enrique use?

The technique of studying several different concepts or mixing information from different chapters during the same study session is called?

Lucy has been studying for her psychology exam and thinks she knows all the facts and concepts. Her conscious memory of the facts is what type of memory?

When Johann drives his car to school, he does not have to think about every step in the process of driving, yet he does have memories of the steps to take. This type of memory is called ___________.

Lars went to the grocery story but accidentally left his list at home. He remembered coffee and chocolate because those were the first things on the list. This phenomenon is called the _____________ effect.

If you study for your exam in a noisy, crowded restaurant that smells like fried foods, the best place for you to take the exam is a noisy, crowded restaurant that smells like fried food. This phenomenon is referred to as ____________.

Which of the following events will most likely become a flashbulb memory?

Research with people who reported flashbulb memories from the September 11 terrorist attacks showed that most forgetting of the event occurred within ____________.

Your friend wants to hear all the details from your birthday party last year. Recalling the details of this memory is a _________ process.

The goal of false memory research is to demonstrate that ________________________.

Trina typically reads her textbook while watching her favorite Netflix series. She later has difficulty remembering what she read and starts to wonder if she has memory problems. What is Trina experiencing?

What role does sleep play in memory formation?

Shandra is prompted to change her password on her work computer every 4 months. She tries to make new ones that are similar to her old ones. After returning from vacation for a week, she could only remember her old password. This is an example of which type of memory failure?

Julianna was in an accident that left her unable to form new long-term memories. What type of amnesia does Julianna have?

What areas of the brain are important for the encoding and retrieval of long-term memories?

Semantic and episodic memories are formed in the _______ and then sent to other areas of the brain for _______.

Andre will never forget where he was or what he was wearing when he heard the news about the mass shooting at an outdoor concert in Las Vegas. Which area of the brain would have significant involvement in the creation of Andre's memory for this event?

Which two brain structures are involved in the formation and storage of implicit memories?

When we learn something new, what happens at the neuron level?

In the case of the creation of a short-term memory, there is a _______ strengthening between neurons.

Eric Kandel worked with marine slugs to understand how memory works at the synaptic level in humans. The strengthening of the connections between neurons resulting in the development of memories is called ____________.