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Unit 1 Quiz

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 4hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?
a)
free will
b)
brain physiology
c)
the unconscious mind
d)
external consequences
2.
Which type of early psychologist believed that “the whole is more than the sum of its parts”?
a)
Gestaltist
b)
behaviorist
c)
structuralist
d)
functionalist
3.
In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to __________ .
a)
internal, covert activities
b)
outward behavior
c)
overt actions and reactions
d)
only animal behavior
4.
Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?
a)
the science of behavior
b)
the science of mental processes
c)
the science of behavior and mental processes
d)
the science of human behavior and mental processes
5.
Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to “the science of behavior”?
a)
relation between grade-point average and salary
b)
thought processes students used while trying to answer this question
c)
how changes in the rate of television violence influence real-life violence
d)
effectiveness of several treatments for people who suffer from depression
6.
Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that they 
a)
Help people cope with challenges and crisis 
b)
conduct research
c)
are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medicine 
d)
explore how we view and affect one another
7.
The fact that identical twins' IQ scores are so close together (highly correlated) even when they are raised apart suggests
a)
intelligence is strongly genetic
b)
intelligence has a strong environmental component
c)
Identical twins attend better schools than fraternal twins
d)
Adopted parents have a positive effect on intelligence.
8.
The study of the importance of satisfying love and acceptance needs best describes which school of psychology. 
a)
Behavioral 
b)
Functionalist 
c)
Humanistic 
d)
Structuralist 
9.
Which field of psychology is most interested in studying the link between mental activity and brain activity. 
a)
Humanistic psychology 
b)
Gestalt psychology 
c)
Cognitive neuroscience 
d)
Psychodynamic perspective 
10.
Who had the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
a)
William James
b)
Edward Titchner
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
G. Stanley Hall
11.
The biological perspective in psychology would most likely emphasize that behavior is influenced by
a)
environmental circumstances
b)
memory processe
c)
unconscious conflicts
d)
blood chemistry
12.
Which perspective would be most useful when explaining how people from different countries express anger?
a)
Psychodynamic 
b)
Behavioral 
c)
Social- cultural 
d)
Biological 
13.
According to the behaviorist perspective, psychological science should be rooted in what?
a)
Introspection 
b)
Obsevation
c)
Cultural influences 
d)
Growth potential 
14.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
15.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
16.
This is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
17.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
18.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
19.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it yields a great deal of detailed descriptive information and they are very useful in forming a hypothesis
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
20.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
21.
The advantage of this method of research is that the behavior observed in the subject(s) natural environment to be more natural, spontaneous, and varied than that observed in a laboratory.
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
22.
The advantage of this method of research is that it can help to clarify relationships between variable that cannot be explained by other research methods, in other words- predictions.
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
23.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that the strict control of variables offers researchers the opportunity to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
24.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the research may not be a representative sample of the general population and doesn’t yield reliable conclusions about behavior.
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
25.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the data is limited to only answering the question(s) asked. These limitations lead to biases, ambiguous conclusions, and low participation rates among research populations.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
26.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the behaviors could be only one-time occurrences.
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
27.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that it does not permit researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause-and-effect relationships
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
28.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the artificiality of the lab doesn’t lend itself to real unexpected results.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
29.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is questions must be asked “just right” to get reliable answers and a considerable amount of honesty and trust is given in the answers.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
30.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
31.
Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between variables?
a)
-0.78
b)
0.67
c)
0.85
d)
-0.87
32.
In a study of the effect of a driver training program on driving skill, a possible operationalisation of the dependent variable would be...
a)
driving quality
b)
number of accidents
c)
hours spent training
d)
amount of traffic
33.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
34.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
35.
The population in a research study is...
a)
the whole group of research interest.
b)
the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.
c)
exactly the same as the sample.
d)
always smaller than the sample.
36.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

37.

What is a hypothesis?

a)

an educated guess

b)

an absolute solution

c)

a random guess

d)

an experiment

38.

What does it mean to generalize results?

a)

to let the General make decisions about the results

b)

to reinforce stereotypes

c)

to create a trope

d)

to apply findings based on a sample to a larger group

39.

_____________ ____________ are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

Target population

b)

Confounding variables

c)

Matching variables

d)

Target variables

40.

The main purpose of ethical guidelines for research in Psychology is to

a)

A.minimise the problems that participants cause for researchers.

b)

B.guarantee that the experimentation runs without problems.

c)

C.ensure that any results published will not be challenged.

d)

D.protect the welfare and rights of the participants.

41.

In a study, injections of saline solution (which contains no chemicals) were shown to be quite effective for relieving pain. This is an example of

a)

A.an experimenter effect.

b)

B.a placebo effect.

c)

C.the experimental effect.

d)

D.an order effect.

42.

Measure of central tendency calculated by adding up all scores and dividing by the number of scores in the data set.

a)

Median

b)

Mode

c)

Mean

43.

Identify the type of relationship between weight and price.

a)

The price is never 0 on the graph

b)

As weight increases, price increases

c)

There is a negative linear correlation between weight and price

d)

The price gets high at the end of the graph

44.

Which of the following is the mode for the data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9?

a)

4

b)

7

c)

9

45.

Knowing enough about a study to decide whether you want to agree to participate

a)

Right to withdraw

b)

Confidentiality

c)

Informed Consent

d)

Privacy

46.

What is the term referred to the extent to which the researcher is testing what they claim to be testing ?

a)

Validity

b)

Reliability

c)

Generalisability

47.

Dilcia wants to know how drinking milk affects how tall Monica grows. Which is the independent variable?

a)

Monica's growth

b)

drinking milk

48.

Titchener believed that psychology should study the basic elements of conscious experience and belonged to which school of thought?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Humanism

d)

Structuralism

49.

Who wrote the first psychology textbook, was the first American psychologist, and believed psychology should study the functions of consciousness?

a)

G. Stanley Hall

b)

John Watson

c)

William James

d)

Willhelm Wundt

50.
Darwin’s theory of evolution influenced which school of thought?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Gestalt
d)
Cognitive
51.
Which perspective believed psychology should emphasize the potential for growth of each human being and an individual’s freedom to make their own decisions?
a)
Biological
b)
Humanistic
c)
Psychodynamic
d)
Behavioral
52.
Which psychologist studied children’s thought processes (cognitive development)?
a)
Erik Erikson
b)
Carl Rogers
c)
Abraham Maslow
d)
Jean Piaget
53.
Which perspective studies learning and how rewards and punishments influence how humans and animals act (observable responses)?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Humanism
d)
Evolutionary
54.
Who established the first psychology lab in the U.S. and was the first president of the APA?
a)
G. Stanley Hall
b)
Sigmud Freud
c)
WIlliam James
d)
Charles Darwin
55.
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
a)
First female president of APA
b)
First woman author of a psychology book
c)
First woman to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
d)
Wife of G. Stanley Hall
56.
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?
a)
First female to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
b)
Studied with Mary Calkins at the APA
c)
Studied under Willhelm Wundt
d)
Used strenuous mental testing on humans
57.
Researcher(s) whose work helped overturn segregation in schools.
a)
Inez Prosser
b)
Kenneth B. Clark and Mamie Clark
c)
Francis Sumner
d)
William James
58.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
59.
Which psychological perspective would be most interested in studying our brain structures & chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.?
a)
Biological
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Humanistic
60.
Which psychological perspective studies how the situation and our upbringing influence our behavior?
a)
Psychoanalysis
b)
Social-Cultural
c)
Behaviorism
d)
Functionalism
61.
This perspective focuses on how our behavior is affected by our genes and environment by combining biology and behaviorism.
a)
Behaviorism
b)
Biological
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Behavior Genetics
62.
Which psychological perspective focuses on optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Humanistic
c)
Positive Psychology
d)
Psychodynamic
63.
Which school of psychology did Abraham Maslow help find?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Structuralism
c)
Behavioral
d)
Humanistic
64.

Which perspectives of psychology are deterministic?

a)

behaviorism and cognitive

b)

psychodynamic and behaviorism

c)

humanistic and socio-cultural

d)

humanistic and behaviorism

65.

Mr. Reznor believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Reznor’s belief is most closely associated with which type of school of thought?

a)

Biological

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Behavioral

d)

Cognitive

e)

Socio-Cultural

66.

Professor Mumford believes that most women prefer tall physically strong partners because this preference enhanced survival of our ancestor’s genes. This viewpoint best illustrates which perspective?

a)

Socio-Cultural

b)

Behavioral

c)

Cognitive

d)

Psychodynamic

e)

Evolutionary

67.

Mr. Matthews believes that his wife’s angry outbursts against him result from an unconscious hatred of her own father. From which psychological perspective is Mr. Matthews viewing his wife’s behavior?

a)

Socio-cultural

b)

Biological

c)

Psychodynamic

d)

Behavioral

e)

Evolutionary

68.

Dr. Dre has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small island country can be attributed to the high percentage of the population who practice fundamentalist religions. This conclusion best illustrates which perspective?

a)

Humanist

b)

Socio-Cultural

c)

Evolutionary

d)

Psychodynamic

e)

Biological

69.

Dr. Reed conducts a research study on depression. His hypothesis is that depression results from maladaptive thought patterns. From which perspective is Dr. Reed conducting the study?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Humanistic

c)

Behavioral

d)

Physiological

e)

Psychodynamic

70.

An animal trainer uses rewards to teach his animals to perform silly tricks in the circus. The trainer’s techniques are based on principles from which school of psychology?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Psychodynamic

d)

Cognitive

e)

Humanism

71.

What is the name of the technique where people would examine their own thoughts/behaviors?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empricism

72.

What theory states that all knowledge should be collected through the senses/observation/experimentation?

a)

empiricism

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

introspection

73.

Dr. Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help it retain its employees without lowering the firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their workrooms recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs else- where. Dr. Didden is most likely to be

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

industrial/organizational psychologist

d)

forensic psychologists

74.
Which of the following best describes the view of the mind held by Plato and Socrates?
a)
The mind should be studied through careful, empirical observations.
b)
The mind is an illusion produced by the brain. 
c)
The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies.
d)
The mind is made up of knowledge that is a result of our experiences.
75.
Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?
a)
Plato
b)
John Locke
c)
Immanuel Kant
d)
Rene' Descartes
76.

In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on…?

a)

Evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings

b)

Observable behavior

c)

Childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes

d)

Introspective reports of immediate sensations

e)

The study of brain activity linked with mental activity

77.

In explaining human behavior, humanists are likely to focus on…?

a)

Self reports of immediate physical sensations

b)

The way we perceive, process, and remember information

c)

Current environmental influences on potential

d)

Empirical research relying on observation and experimentation

e)

The examination of the stream of consciousness and emotion

78.

What do clinical psychologists specialize in?

a)

Evaluating and treating people with psychological problems or concerns

b)

Animal research

c)

Studying the relationship between people and their work environments

d)

Studying relationships between psychological factors and consumer behavior

e)

Working in school settings to help students with academic needs

79.

The IQ scores of the five members of the Jackson family are 100, 82, 104, 96, and 118. What is the range of this distribution of scores?

a)

6

b)

14

c)

36

d)

48

e)

102

80.

On a normal distribution, what percentage of people would score within one standard deviation above and below the average?

a)

34%

b)

68%

c)

13%

d)

26%

e)

4%

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