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EO Midterm EXAM

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Plants and animals in rocky shores have to withstand harsh and abrupt changes in various conditions, such as (except):

a)

high waves

b)

high light intensity and temperature

c)

prolonged air exposure

d)

high salinity

2.

A ________ is a type of sandy shore ecosystem.

a)

bay

b)

harbor

c)

docl

d)

beach

3.

You can find barnacles in:

a)

sandy shores.

b)

rocky shores.

c)

muddy shores

d)

tide pools

4.

You can find turtles in:

a)

sandy shores.

b)

rocky shores.

c)

muddy shores

d)

tide pools

5.

Which gives the correct order of the zones as you move from SEA to LAND?

1. Lower Intertidal Zone

2. Spray Zone

3. Subtidal Zone

4. Upper Intertidal Zone

a)

1 2 3 4

b)

2143

c)

3 1 4 2

d)

1 4 3 2

6.

Sandy beaches are made up of huge pieces of rock.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

In which zone of the seashore is a rocky shore ecosystem located?

a)

Pioneer

b)

Fixed Dune

c)

Shrub

d)

Intertidal

8.

All of the following are abiotic factors that affect organisms in a rocky shore except______.

a)

Light Intensity

b)

Water

c)

Atmosphere

d)

None the above

9.

Competition for which resource is a dominant factor in the rocky intertidal zone?

a)

food

b)

light

c)

oxygen

d)

space

10.

Which is considered a keystone predator in the middle intertidal zone?

a)

birds

b)

crabs

c)

limpets

d)

sea stars

11.

The lower limit of the intertidal zone is the:

a)

Average high tide.

b)

Average middle tide.

c)

Lowest low tide.

d)

Lowest edge of the rocky substrate.

12.

Holes, cracks, or crevices where seawater collects as the tide goes out.

a)

tide pools

b)

tide zones

c)

tidal waves

d)

tidal shore

13.

Only exposed during low tide; contains the highest biodiversity

a)

Spray zone

b)

Splash zone

c)

Low intertidal zone

d)

Upper intertidal zone

14.

The Splash Zone can be described as

a)

Lies between medium and low tide

b)

Lies between high and low tide

c)

Area above the high tide zone in which animals survive by getting splashed by the waves.

d)

Never receives water

15.

Which organism is pictured?

a)

limpet

b)

seastar

c)

barnacle

d)

periwinkle

16.

The pattern of species living only in particular areas in the intertidal zone is called

a)

subsiding

b)

succession

c)

vertical zonation

d)

climax community

17.

What does it mean for a species to be sessile?

a)

swims freely in the water

b)

lives attached to rock or another hard surface

c)

moves when it is necessary

d)

lives on land

18.

This term means being out of the water; exposed to air

a)

immersion

b)

emersion

c)

substrate

d)

dessicate

19.

Which of the following is an adaptation of rocky shore organisms to prevent drying out?

a)

the byssal threads of mussels

b)

sealing of shell by bivalves and gastropods

c)

starfish suction cups

d)

anemones jelly like bodies

20.

Burrowing protects rocky shore organisms from all of the following EXCEPT…

a)

Wave action

b)

Dessication

c)

Temperature extremes

d)

High salinity

21.

The pattern of species living only in particular areas is a feature of what community?

a)

Rocky Shore

b)

Sandy Shore

c)

Tide pools

d)

Muddy shores

e)

Abbysal Plains

22.

Which of the following is NOT a problem that tide pool organisms must deal with at low tide?

a)

Low dissolved oxygen

b)

High salinity

c)

Wave action

d)

High temperatures

23.

The only littoral zone classified as unstable.

a)

Rocky Shores

b)

Sandy Shores

c)

Muddy shores

d)

Estuaries

e)

Deltas

24.

The following littoral zone(s) are classified as depositional, except:

a)

Rocky Shores

b)

Sandy Shores

c)

Muddy shores

d)

Estuaries

e)

Deltas

25.

Sandy beaches are so harsh that no small animals, even meiofauna, can survive between their sand grains.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

What is the main adaptation seen in organisms in a sandy shore?

a)

Desiccation

b)

Burrowing

c)

Valves to close shells

d)

Sunglasses

27.

__________________________ is the area where a river meets the ocean.

a)

beaches

b)

barrier islands

c)

inlets

d)

estuaries

28.
What are the components of a tide pool?
a)
Rocks
b)
Water
c)
Plants & Animals
d)
All the above
29.

Seagrasses have a root system that transports nutrients through its flesh.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation to avoid drying out?

a)

Hiding in moist/inundated rock crevices

b)

Mucus coating on seaweed

c)

Suctioning tube feets

d)

Securely closing shells and sealing operculums.

31.

1. What do you call the semi-enclosed area where fresh water from a river meets salty water from the sea.

a)

A. Watershed

b)

B. Groundwater

c)

C. Estuary

d)

D. Ocean

32.

4. Occur in the upper coastal intertidal zone between the land and the sea and that are covered by salty or brackish water for at least part of the time.

a)

A. Rocky shore

b)

B. Mud Flats

c)

C. Coral Reefs

d)

D. Salt Marsh

33.

5. It is located along the edges of the salt marsh. This harsh habitat is covered by water at flood high tide and exposed to the scorching sun at ebb (low) tide. It consists of a soggy substrate made up of clay and silt that is deposited during slack tide.

a)

A. Rocky shore

b)

B. Mud Flats

c)

C. Coral Reefs

d)

D. Salt Marsh

34.

It is a type of estuary when a basin is formed through subsidence of below-sea level land created by geological forces along fault lines where ocean water rush in mixed with fresh water from nearby rivers and streams through the natural depressions and channels .

a)

fjord

b)

coastal plain

c)

bar-built

d)

tectonic

35.

Which of the following is an adaptation of organisms in the intertidal zone to high-wave action?

a)

Teeth to burrow a hole on rocks

b)

Suctioning tube feets

c)

Strong hard shells and/or flattened shells

d)

Strong feet used for digging into rocks

e)

All of the above

36.

Plants are important to the estuary. Why?

a)

Provides food

b)

Plants filter out pollution

c)

Plants control flooding

d)

All of the above

37.

What is the defining difference between the marine, freshwater, and estuary biomes?

a)

Salinity (dissolved salt)

b)

Sunlight

c)

Oxygen

d)

Amount of Water

38.
When salt and fresh water mix, what is the new water substance called?
a)
Brackish Acid
b)
Fresh Water
c)
Salt Water
d)
Brackish Water
39.

Why is it important that plants like cattails and mangroves live only in the region of the estuary that is brackish water and stays partly flooded during the day?

a)

they have adaptations for living in freshwater and saltwater and need the waters to flood their roots each day.

b)

because if they lived close to the ocean, the turtles would eat them all

c)

because the water is too cold farther up by the river

40.

Why does it matter how much salt is in the water for organisms?

a)

the wrong amount of salt causes organisms to become ill or die

b)

they don't like the way it tastes

c)

salt makes it easier to swim

41.

Why is it important that plants and animals only live in a certain part of the estuary, like near the river, in the brackish water, or by the ocean?

a)

They can only have adaptations for one type of environment.

b)

Predators prevent them from living anywhere else.

c)

The soil is specific for each part of the estuary.

42.

Why is there usually a lot of mud in some parts of the estuary?

a)

The river carries small particles of sand and dirt, which settle to the ground and become mud when the water levels go down.

b)

Pollution has caused all of the plants to die, leaving mud.

c)

The plants lived in the wrong part of the estuary and then died.

43.

Water that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as saltwater is called (a)   water.

44.

Pick all the types of estuaries:

a)

bar-built

b)

tectonic

c)

complex

d)

fjord

45.

It is an estuary that is formed when sea levels rise and fill in an existing river valley near a flat, low-lying piece of land next to the ocean.

a)

fjord

b)

coastal

plain

c)

tectonic

d)

plateau

46.

It is an estuary that is formed thru glaciers that have cut through forming a long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland.

a)

coastal plain

b)

deltaic

c)

fjord

d)

tectonic

47.

True or False: Bays, harbors, sounds, and inlets are all estuaries

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Name the coast.

a)

Mangroves

b)

Tree coast

c)

Bushy coast

d)

Beach

49.

Name the coast.

a)

Beach

b)

Rocky coast

c)

Headland and bay

d)

Mangroves

50.

Name the coast.

a)

Beach

b)

Bay

c)

Estuary

d)

Rock coast

51.

Name the coast.

a)

Coastal bay

b)

Dunes

c)

Beach

d)

Shoreline

52.
Aquatic ecosystem that has a thin layer of water covering soil that is wet most of the time is called ____.
a)
wetland
b)
estuary
c)
lake
d)
puddle
53.

What are 3 common names of Mangrove?

a)

Black Mangroves

b)

Violet Mangroves

c)

Red Mangroves

d)

White Mangroves

e)

Yellow Mangroves

54.

How can Mangroves stand still in the waves?

a)

By their roots

b)

By their stem

c)

By their leaves

55.

Which of the following is not part of the harsh environments mangroves endure

a)

High salt

b)

Hard ground

c)

Low oxygen

d)

Varying Tides

56.

Which of the following is not an adaptation of mangroves

a)

Aerial roots

b)

Buttress roots

c)

Open stomata

d)

salt glands

57.

Mangroves provide a _________________________for small fish before they swim out to the nearby reefs or open ocean.

a)
Safe breeding ground
b)
Fresh water system
58.
Mangroves protect coastlines from erosion by acting as a natural barrier and flood defence. True or false?
a)
True
b)
False
59.

Mangrove trees are one of the only type of _____ that is adapted to grow in the salty water.

a)

endangered

b)

guardian

c)

vegetation

d)

restore

60.

What are the threat of mangrove forest ?

a)

Rising sea level

b)

Forest's fire

c)

Clearing forest

d)

All of the above

61.

What type of root is this?

a)

buttress root

b)

stilt roots

c)

pencil/cone roots

d)

knee roots

e)

rhizome

62.

What type of root is this?

a)

buttress root

b)

stilt roots

c)

pencil/cone

roots

d)

knee roots

e)

rhizome

63.

What type of root is this?

a)

buttress root

b)

stilt roots

c)

pencil/cone roots

d)

knee roots

e)

rhizome

64.

What type of root is this?

a)

buttress root

b)

stilt roots

c)

pencil roots

d)

knee roots

e)

rhizome

65.

What type of root is this?

a)

buttress root

b)

stilt roots

c)

pencil roots

d)

knee roots

e)

rhizome

66.

What's the difference between a seaweed and a seagrass?

a)

Seagrass have true root system while seaweeds only have holdfast

b)

Seagrasses are true plants while seaweeds are not

c)

Seagrass is a type of vascular flowering plant while seaweeds are a type of protists

d)

All of the above

e)

None of the above

67.

Which of the following are the methods for seagrass assessment? (2 or more correct answers)

a)

Transect Quadrat

b)

Random Plot

c)

Random Quadrat

d)

Transect Plot

68.

What is the other term for the running stolon of seagrass?

a)

Holdfast

b)

Roots

c)

Stipes

d)

Rhizome

69.

Seagrass are anchored to a hard substrate by a root-like structure called holdfast.

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Seagrasses spend their entire life cycle underwater.

a)

true

b)

false

71.

A coral polyp is actually

a)

an animal found in Phylum Cnidaria

b)

an animal found in Phylum Chordata

c)

a plant found in Phylum Bryophyta

d)

a plant found in Phylum Aniospermophyta

72.
What are the two kinds of coral?
a)
Blue and yellow
b)
Hard and slimy
c)
Hard and soft
d)
Soft and delicate
73.

Most coral reefs are ______________.

a)

in warm water near the shore

b)

in warm areas away from the shore

c)

in cold areas near the shore

d)

in cold areas away from the shore

74.

Identify this type of reef.

Clue: They are located very close to the shore on mainland

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

patch reefs

75.

Identify this type of reef.

Clue: Coral reef structures forming roughly parallel to a shore and separated from it by a lagoon or other body of water.

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

patch reefs

76.

Identify this type of reef.

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

patch reefs

77.

The following are the methods in exploring/studying coral reefs, except

a)

rover diver

b)

manta tow

c)

line transect

d)

quadrat method

e)

sonar

78.

This is a reef zone that is typically deeper in barrier reefs and atolls while shallower in fringing

a)

reef flat

b)

lagoon

c)

backreef

d)

fore reef/ reef front

79.

This is a reef zone that is slopy and is facing the open ocean (present in the three types of reefs)

a)

reef flat

b)

lagoon

c)

backreef

d)

fore reef/ reef front

80.

This is a reef zone that is the shallower area and largest, most distinctive habitats on coral reefs

a)

reef flat

b)

lagoon

c)

backreef

d)

fore reef/ reef front