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WorksheetsModule 2: Natural Selection & Adaptation
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 30mins
What are genes made out of?
DNA & RNA
Genotypes & Phenotypes
DNA & Protein
Alleles & Chromosomes
A characteristic of an organism; can be genetic or acquired
selective breeding
trait
natural selection
naturalist
offspring
A form of artificial selection where humans deliberately breed plants and animals for desired traits
selective breeding
natural selection
evolution
gene
trait
Product of reproduction; a new organism produced by one or more parents (children of a person or animal)
artificial selection
biologist
evolution
offspring
trait
The direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
artificial selection
biologist
trait
genetic engineering
offspring
change in heritable traits of a population over time
genetic engineering
gene
selective breeding
evolution
offspring
1. The process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics is called
natural selection
Artificial selection
random selection
genetic manipulation
What is an example of artificial selection?
Letting dogs choose their own mate
Letting plants pollinate on their own
Crossing a labrador and a poodle to create a labradoodle
Which statement is true comparing natural selection and artificial selection?
In natural selection, traits benefit humans and in artificial selection, the traits benefit the species
In natural selection, traits benefit the species and in artificial selection, the traits benefit humans
In natural and artificial selection, the process takes hundreds of years to occur
In natural and artificial selection, nature determines what traits will be passed down to offspring.
When humans select desirable traits to be passed down to offspring
natural selection
artificial selection
The primary difference natural and artificial selection is
In nature selection the “pressure” comes from the environment; In artificial selection the “pressure” comes from humans (or another species).
In artificial selection the “pressure” comes from the environment; In natural selection the “pressure” comes from humans (or another species).
Natural selections is when humans breed the animal; Artificial selection is when humans direct genes directly.
They are different terms for the same concept.
These cause variations.
mutations
adaptations
a desire to change
breeding
1. Artificial selection has been a big factor in the evolution of:
Dogs
Panda bears
Snakes
Jellyfish
What is a goal of selective breeding?
I. To increase the value of species to humans
II. To produce species that resist disease
III. To produce species with specific traits
I and II
II and III
I and III
I, II, and III
An example of selective breeding is
a dog breeder mating 2 dogs to make more dogs
a farmer grows bees to pollinate the plants on his farm
a person pollinates 2 white rose plants to only create white roses
What is a gene?
An organism's genetic material
A segment of DNA on a chromosome; helps express traits
A physical expression of traits
The process of making protein from RNA
A mistake or change that occurs in the DNA sequence is called a ______________________.
Extinction
Speciation
Mutation
Genetic Variation
Which of the following statements best explains why genetic variation is important to the survival of a population?
Genetic variation increases the likelihood of an allele being present that is best suited for the environment.
Genetic variation decrease the likelihood of genetic mutation.
Genetic variation increases the size of animals so that more offspring will be produced.
Genetic variation decreases gene flow in the population.
What do you call a characteristic that allows an organism to survive in an environment?
variation
adaptation
selection
overproduction
Charles Darwin's observation that tortoises of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these tortoises
have the ability to interbreed
acquired traits through use and disuse
all eat the same type of food
descended from a common ancestor
A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.
an adaptation
environment
response
stimulus
What could cause a species to go extinct?
Food becomes more plentiful.
The environment changes drastically and no-one can adapt.
There is less competition for resources.
Members of a species have adaptations to enhance survival.
Which of the following leads to genetic variation?
increase in mutations
change in environment
sunlight
increase in disease
Which BEST helps a population from going extinct?
low mutation rate
small population
genetic variation
similar physical features
The passing of physical traits to their offspring is known as...
Evolution
Natural Selection
Adaptation
Inheritance
Why do organisms adapt and evolve?
To eat better food
To be able to survive in their habitat
To move to a different habitat
To find new friends
An adaptation that involves the way an organism behaves.
structural adaptation
functional adaptation
natural selection
behavioral adaptation
An adaptation that involves internal body systems that affect biochemistry.
behavioral adaptation
functional adaptation
structural adaptation
camouflage
An adaptation that involves color, shape, and other physical characteristics.
structural adaptation
functional adaptation
behavioral adaptation
natural selection
All the observable traits and characteristics of the organism.
Genotype
phenotype
karyotype
prokaryotic
A beneficial __________ in neck length spreads throughout a tortoise population through natural selection.
offspring
species
ancestor
variation
various forms of the same gene
mutation
alleles
genes
traits
How much of our DNA do we get from each parent?
25%
50%
100%
12.5%
Which of the following is the best definition of genetic variation?
The differences in our DNA
Similarities in our traits
Cell division (like in meiosis)
When sperm fertilizes the egg
A length of DNA that codes for a specific characteristic
Variation
Species
Fitness
Gene
These molecules are required for the structures and functions of the body and express traits.
Variations
Adaptations
Mutations
Proteins
An organism's genetic material
Proteins
DNA
Chromosomes
Traits
Which letter in the image represents a chromosome?
A
B
C
Mutations are always harmful.
False
True
DNA is made up of nucleotides. What is a nucleotide made up of? Select ALL that apply.
Nitrogen base
Sugar
Phosphate group
Gene
________ is the process of making a protein from RNA.
Transcription
Translation
Replication
Mutation
There are nonliving & living environmental factors of adaptation. What are nonliving environmental factors of adaptation?
camouflage, mimicry, mouth shape
temperature, habitat, nutrients in the soil & climate
color, shape & other physical characteristics
DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation
