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CC - Biology - Ecology eest review

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following factors increase levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide?

a)

Reforestation - planting trees

b)

Deforestation - cutting down trees

c)

Increasing the population

d)

Increasing the amount of fossil fuels burned

2.

Which of the following is the best explanation for why we study the carbon cycle on a global scale and not as much in specific local ecosystems?

a)

Global warming is a major concern for the entire globe and the amount of nitrogen in the air is increasing it

b)

Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

c)

Carbon dioxide moves freely throughout the atmosphere and bodies of water, allowing the rapid transfer of carbon all across the globe.

d)

The transport of crops, animals, fossil fuels, and carbon containing materials by people has made the carbon cycle more global in nature.

3.

Which of the following is related to global climate change?

a)

Changes in precipitation

b)

More intense storms

c)

Drought in some areas

d)

Flooding in some arease

4.

What is the major difference between competitive exclusion and local extinction?

a)

In competitive exclusion, a species disappears completely from an area, while in local extinction a species becomes specialists in certain parts of a local area.

b)

In competitive exclusion, a species is excluded from a local area but does not completely disappear, while in local extinction a species disappears completely from that area.

c)

In competitive exclusion, a species disappears completely from an area, while in local extinction a species disappears only from a part of a local area.

d)

In competitive exclusion, a species specializes in certain parts of a local area, while in local extinction a species disappears from part of the local area.

5.

Which of the following are density-dependent factors that limit animal populations?

a)

food competition

b)

weather

c)

predation

d)

birthrate

6.

During the carbon cycle, which of the following carbon compounds would be utilized as an energy source by heterotrophs?

a)

calcium carbonate

b)

carbonic acid

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

organic molecules

7.

Which of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator-prey relationships are correct

a)

The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey.

b)

The production of large numbers of offspring within very short periods of time ensures the survival of some prey populations.

c)

Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey

d)

A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decrease in the population of prey.

8.

Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

a)

They are smaller and weaker than are primary consumers

b)

They are eaten by primary consumers.

c)

They eat only plants.

d)

They are fewer in number than are primary consumers.

9.

In the nitrogen cycle, the transformation of gaseous nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds is performed primarily by

a)

green plants

b)

fungi

c)

bacteria

d)

herbivores

10.

Which of the following point on the graph best represents the carrying capacity for this population?

(a)  

11.

Which of the following would be considered the apex predator?

(a)  

12.

In this food web, which organism would most likely be a the bottom of the energy pyramid as it has the most energy available to it?

(a)  

13.

Which of the following statements about the diagram are correct?

a)

The grasshopper is an herbivore.

b)

Only two trophic levels are depicted.

c)

All of the organisms except grass are consumers, regardless of position.

d)

The mouse and grasshopper are at the same trophic level.

14.

The organic and inorganic materials in all the organisms in the diagram will eventually return to the environment by the action of

a)

top carnivores

b)

primary consumers

c)

producers

d)

decomposers

15.

Which of the following best explains why there are seldom more than five trophic levels in a food chain?

a)

Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level.

b)

Energy is used up from each trophic level due to heat and cellular processes of the trophic level below

c)

Trophic levels above this number contain too many individuals.

d)

Top carnivores are too few in number to prey effectively.

16.

The illustrations show the age and sex of the human populations in Country 1 and Country 2. The ages are grouped by 5-year classes, and the sexes are represented separately. The percentages in the different age classes are shown by the relative widths of successive horizontal bars. Which of the following statements below best expresses the population growth you would expect to see in country 1 versus country 2?

 

a)

Country 1 would expect to see only moderate to no population growth while country 2 would expect to see rapid population growth

b)

Country 1 would expect to see a rapid increase in its population growth while country 2 would expect to see only modest to no population growth

c)

There is not enough information provided in these diagrams to effectively answer this question

d)

Both countries would expect to see nearly equal amounts of population growth

17.

The illustrations show the age and sex of the human populations in Country 1 and Country 2. The ages are grouped by 5-year classes, and the sexes are represented separately. The percentages in the different age classes are shown by the relative widths of successive horizontal bars. Which of the following best describes the economic development of each country?

a)

Country 1 is most likely a developed industrialized nation while country 2 is most likely a third world country

b)

There are no differences in the economic developments between country 1 and 2

c)

There is no correlation between the population growth and a country's economic development

d)

Country 1 is most likely a developing or 3rd world country while country 2 is most likely a developed nation

18.

The illustrations show the age and sex of the human populations in Country 1 and Country 2. The ages are grouped by 5-year classes, and the sexes are represented separately. The percentages in the different age classes are shown by the relative widths of successive horizontal bars. If, in Country 1, infant mortality declined and the birth rate remained the same, then initially the population would be expected to

a)

be more evenly distributed among the age classes

b)

be even more concentrated in the young age classes

c)

stabilize at the illustrated level for all age classes

d)

increase in the oldest age classes

19.

The illustrations below show the age and sex of the human populations in Country 1 and Country 2. The ages are grouped by 5-year classes, and the sexes are represented separately. The percentages in the different age classes are shown by the relative widths of successive horizontal bars. Over the next 10-15 years, the stabilization of Country 1’s population at its current size would require that

 

a)

each couple produce fewer children than the number required to replace themselves

b)

infant mortality be reduced to about half the present level

c)

the death rate be reduced drastically

d)

couples have an average of only 3 children

20.

The type of population growth represented by that portion of the graph line enclosed in the bracket is most accurately termed

a)

logistic

b)

stable

c)

exponential

d)

density-dependent

21.

Which organism is the primary consumer in this ecological pyramid?

a)

algae

b)

mosquito larvae

c)

frogs

d)

raccoons

22.

Which type of organism is X most likely represent?

a)

a carnivore

b)

a herbivore

c)

an autotroph

d)

an omnivore

23.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the body mass of organisms and population density?

a)

there is a direct relationship - as the organisms become larger, the population density increases

b)

there is an inverse relationship -the more massive an organism is the less the population density

c)

there is no relationship between body mass and population density

d)

organisms with middle levels of body mass have the greatest population density

24.

Which type of method would scientists most likely use to estimate population density of dandelions in a field?

a)

count every single dandelion plant

b)

count every single dandelion plant

c)

catch/trap/release

d)

a quadrat

25.

Suppose that of a cohort of 150 mice in a mouse colony born in February, 125 are still at the end of March and 115 are still alive at the end of April.  What is the mortality rate during the month of March? Round to the nearest hundredth.

(a)  

26.

There are 252 deer in a population. There is no net immigration or emigration. If 47 deer die and 32 deer are born in one month, what is the population size at the end of the month? 

(a)  

27.

Suppose the population density of a sample of deer is 50 per square kilometer. Assuming that the population is uniformly distributed, what would the population size be if the deer encompassed an area that was 20km x 200km? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

Population density = Number of organisms/Area

Area - length x width

(a)  

28.

In 1966, the moose population increased dramatically.  Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for the dramatic increase in the moose population?

a)

there were fewer wolves to compete with

b)

there was a greater amount of grass for the moose to eat

c)

there were fewer wolves to prey on the moose

d)

there were fewer diseases to which the moose were exposed

29.

Which year saw the greatest growth in population?

(a)  

30.

If 3400 maple trees are counted on a 3km x 4km rectangular patch of land, what is the density of maple trees per square kilometer? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

 

To calculate population density, divide the number of organisms by area.

 

Area is calculated by multiplying the length x width.

You can jusIf 3400 maple trees are counted on a 3km x 4km rectangular patch of land, what is the density of maple trees per square kilometer? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

 

Just type in the number

(a)  

31.

Using the formula for catch/trap/release calculate the estimated size of beavers if 40 beavers are initially captured, marked and released into the stream.  Then, a second trapping of 75 beavers are captured and 10 of them were marked.



(a)  

32.

A population of crickets were being estimated using catch, mark, release.  It was estimated that there was a population of 600 crickets.  In the second catch, there were 100 crickets caught.  Ten of those caught in the second catch has been marked in the first catch.  How many crickets were marked from the first catch.

(a)  

33.

What kind of distribution pattern do dandelions display?

a)

uniform

b)

random

c)

clumped

d)

all the options listed

34.

What kind of distribution pattern do cattle display?

a)

clumped

b)

random

c)

uniform

d)

all of the options listed

35.

Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of organisms with a Type I survivorship curve?

a)

organisms provide good care to offspring

b)

humans and mammals exhibit this type of survivorship curve

c)

mortality is high in early ages

d)

few offspring are typically produced

36.

Which of the following organisms display a type II survivorship curve?

a)

trees

b)

humans

c)

birds

d)

gorillas

37.

What kind of growth pattern is shown here?

a)

exponential

b)

logistic

c)

lag phase

d)

rapid growth

38.

Which of the following organisms would display a type III survivorship curve?

a)

rodents

b)

trees

c)

jelly fish

d)

sting rays

39.

Organisms will display logistic growth as long as there are sufficient resources and space.

a)

true

b)

false

40.

Diseases & Parasites are examples of ___________ limiting factors.

a)

density dependent

b)

density independent

41.

___________ limiting factors are usually abiotic factors, are equally likely to occur no matter whether there are many organisms or a few, and include natural disasters

a)

density dependentee

b)

density independent

42.

Countries having gone through a demographic transition are

a)

usually 3rd world countries

b)

poorer

c)

wealthy

d)

developed

43.

The honey locust tree contains horns in order to prevent herbivory.  This is a type of what defense mechanism?

a)

mimicryee

b)

chemical defense

c)

mechanical defense

d)

camouflage

44.

Chameleons can blend into their environment to avoid predation - this is known as _______.

a)

chemical defense

b)

mimicry

c)

camouflage

d)

mechanical defense

45.

P. aurelia and P. caudatum can survive alone, but when grown together, the P. aurelia wins out due to the competitive exclusion principle.  This is because both P. aurelia and P. caudatum hold the same (a)   .

46.

In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of certain chemical elements, such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen?

a)

They are only found in abiotic factors

b)

They move into and out of living systems

c)

They move into living systems and remain there

d)

They move out of living systems and do NOT return

47.

Which is/are pathway(s) by which plants obtain atmospheric nitrogen?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

lightening

c)

symbiotic bacteria

d)

fertilizers

48.

The king snake has similar coloration to the deadly coral snake.  This is known as (a)   .

49.

Corals produce reef structures in marine ecosystems that provide a huge range of species with habitats, protection against predation and breeding grounds.  Corals are known as ______________ species.

a)

foundation

b)

keystone

c)

limiting

d)

all options listed

50.

Which of the following elements is responsible for eutrophication?

a)

carbon

b)

phosphorous

c)

water

d)

nitrogen