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Melanin: Central Dogma

Total questions: 62

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which answer models central dogma?

a)

DNA to protein to RNA

b)

RNA to DNA to protein

c)

DNA to RNA to protein

d)

protein to RNA to DNA

2.

Genotype represents...

a)

your physical traits

b)

your genetic make up

c)

your mRNA

d)

your tRNA

3.

Phenotype represents...

a)

your physical traits

b)

your genetic make up

c)

your mRNA

d)

your tRNA

4.

What is the result of transcription?

a)

The synthesis of RNA from protein

b)

The synthesis of protein from RNA

c)

The synthesis of protein from DNA

d)

The synthesis of RNA from DNA

5.

What is the result of translation?

a)

The synthesis of RNA from protein

b)

The synthesis of protein from RNA

c)

The synthesis of protein from DNA

d)

The synthesis of RNA from DNA

6.

In which organelle does transcription occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Golgi apparatus

7.

At which organelle does translation occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Golgi apparatus

8.

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil

b)

DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

c)

DNA contains a sugar, RNA does not

d)

DNA cannot leave the nucleus, RNA can

9.

Nucleotides are to nucleic acids, as ____________ are to proteins.

a)

codons

b)

peptides

c)

DNA

d)

amino acids

10.

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

a)

To synthesize DNA

b)

To synthesize RNA

c)

To synthesize amino acids

d)

To synthesize protein

11.

What role does the mRNA play in protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA modifies the original DNA strand

b)

mRNA mutates to form protein

c)

mRNA is the transcribed message from a DNA sequence

d)

mRNA moves the amino acids

12.

What does rRNA represent?

a)

Ribosomal RNA

b)

Reconstructed RNA

c)

Reactive RNA

d)

Reusable RNA

13.

What is the role of tRNA?

a)

To treat the DNA strand

b)

To transfer codons

c)

To transfer amino acids

d)

To tackle mutations

14.

Codons represent a...

a)

triplet sequence of bases

b)

single sequence of bases

c)

quadruple sequence of bases

d)

pair of bases

15.

Codons are located on the...

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

16.

Anticodons are complementary to...

a)

codons

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

nitrogenous bases

17.

Anticodons are located on the...

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

18.

What is the start codon?

a)

UAC

b)

TAC

c)

AUG

d)

GUA

19.

Can more than one codon code for the same type of amino acid?

a)

yes

b)

no

20.

When reading the codon chart, which molecule do you reference?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

21.

How many codons are required for one amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

22.

How many codons are required for three amino acids?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

23.

Which of the following is a result of a nondisjunction?

a)

Klinefleter syndrome

b)

Sickle cell anemia

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Hemophilia

24.

Which of the following best describes the cause of cystic fibrosis?

a)

a mutated blood clotting protein

b)

a mutated transport protein

c)

an extra 21st chromosome

d)

an extra 13th chromosome

25.

Which of the following is an autosomal recessive disorder?

a)

Huntington's disease

b)

sickle cell anemia

c)

colorblindness

d)

Hemophilia

26.

Which of the following is a autosomal dominant disorder?

a)

Huntington's

b)

Cystic fibrosis

c)

Hemophilia

d)

Sickle cell anemia

27.

Which of the following is a sex-linked disorder?

a)

Hemophilia

b)

Sickle cell anemia

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Huntington's

28.

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

a)

insertion

b)

frameshirt

c)

substitution

d)

nondisjunction

29.

Which of the following cause frameshift mutations?

a)

insertions and deletions

b)

translocations and nondisjunctions

c)

duplicaitons and deletions

d)

inversions and substitutions

30.

Which of the following is NOT a chromosomal disorder?

a)

Turner's syndrome

b)

Downs syndrome

c)

Klinefelter's syndrome

d)

Huntingdon's

31.

Which of the following is NOT caused by a gene mutation?

a)

Turner's syndrome

b)

Sickle cell anemia

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Hemophilia

32.

Identify the substitution mutation that results in an abnormally shaped protein and that causes a reduced ability to bind and transport oxygen.

a)

Cystic fibrosis

b)

Sickle cell anemia

c)

Huntington's

d)

Hemophilia

33.
Which change below would result in a different Amino Acid? 
3'-GCT-5'
a)
GTT
b)
TCT
c)
TCC
d)
GCA
34.
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a 
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
35.
In a point mutation, this would have the worst effect on the function of the protein 
a)
an insertion or deletion near the end of a gene
b)
an insertion or deletion at the beginning of the gene
c)
an insertion at the middle of the gene
d)
a base substitution
36.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
37.
Why is the order of amino acids so important?
a)
The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.
b)
It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.
38.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
39.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
40.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
41.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
42.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
43.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
44.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
45.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
46.

Which of the following is the least likely number to represent how many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides?

ATGGGAACTCCA

a)

4

b)

2

c)

3

d)

12

47.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
48.
How many codons are needed to specify for five amino acids?
a)
3
b)
5
c)
15
d)
30
49.
21 nucleotides will provide how many codons?
a)
3 amino acids
b)
5 amino acids
c)
7 amino acids
d)
9 amino acids
50.
Set of nitrogen bases that are complementary to one codon
a)
peptide bond
b)
polypeptide
c)
anti-codon
d)
amino acid
51.

Place the order of events for creating a protein in order (1- 6)


  1. mRNA attaches to rRNA
  2. codons are continuously read by tRNA
  3. tRNA reaches a stop codon
  4. tRNA connects second amino acid by peptide bond to Methionine
  5. Polypeptide chain is created
  6. mRNA’s start codon AUG is translated by tRNA’s anticodon (Methionine)
a)

1,5,4,3,6,2

b)

2,4,5,3,6,1

c)

1,2,3,4,5,6

d)

1,6,4,2,3,5

52.

What specifically holds the amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain?

a)

covalent bond

b)

ionic bond

c)

hydrogen bond

d)

peptide bond

53.

a photograph or picture of chromosomes grouped in ordered pairs is a ______________

a)

pedigree

b)

Punnett Square

c)

Venn Diagram

d)

Karyotype

54.
Which sex chromosomes would indicate a typical human male?
a)
XX
b)
X
c)
XY
d)
XXY
55.

A normal human zygote should have _____ chromosomes inside.

a)

46

b)

23

c)

92

d)

64

56.
The results of the karyotype indicate that an individual has 3 chromosome #21. Which of the following genetic disorders do they have?
a)
Edwards Syndrome
b)
Patau's Syndrome
c)
Down's Syndrome
d)
Klinefelter's Syndrome
57.
Which structure is labeled as A in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
58.
A pair of identical chromosomes shown in a karyotype, one inherited from mom, and one inherited from dad are called
a)
sister chromotids
b)
centromeres
c)
homologous chromosomes
d)
autosomes
59.
Which of the following would be considered a Gamete cell?
a)
Egg Cell
b)
Sperm Cell
c)
Both of these
d)
None of these
60.
A doctor may use a _________ to examine the chromosomes in a cell.
a)
x-ray
b)
blood test
c)
karyotype
d)
hemoglobin
61.
a)
This karyotype shows Trisomy 21
b)
This karyotype has no abnormality
c)
This karyotype is missing a sex chromosome (monosomy x)
d)
This karyotype is from a gamete
62.
Which of the following is true of your sex chromosomes?
a)
I have two Y chromosomes.
b)
I have at least one X chromosomes.
c)
They aren't developed until I turn 13.
d)
They are afraid of one another.

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