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WorksheetsLGMSComp2AH_Q2Review
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 33mins
A geologist studies the side of a mountain with many layers of Earth exposed. The geologist wants to know more about when a particular layer of sandstone formed. Which observation could be used to determine the age of the sandstone layer?
the width of the layer of sediment
the type of fossils in the sediment
the amount of moisture in the sediment
the color of the minerals in the sediment
Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift as a way to explain how the continents have moved on Earth’s surface over the course of geologic time. His theory states that, at one time, all of the continents were joined in one large landmass called Pangaea. Over time, the continents have moved slowly apart into the locations we are familiar with today. Which of the following describes physical evidence that would support Wegener’s theory?
fossils of the same types of plants and animals found on different continents
pictures of people who live on the same continent and look similar to one another
maps from the 18th century that show the locations of continents and the oceans
papers by fellow scientists that explain how the continents have moved apart over geologic time
What is the most accurate way for geologists to measure the age of a rock?
measure and record the decay of radioactive elements in the roc
weigh the rock and calculate the amount of mass that has eroded
classify the type of rock as metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary
compare information found in the layers of sediment near the rock's location
Which of these daily human activities would have a beneficial impact on the environment?
letting water run while brushing teeth
leaving a ceiling fan on when departing a room
removing a nonnative, invasive plant species from a habitat
throwing away plastic bottles in containers designated for the landfill
Which of the following human activities shapes the landscape but does not contribute to the geologic process of erosion
over-grazing of land by livestock
planting vegetation for ground cover
clearing land for increased farming
cutting through mountains to build highways
If all the trees in a forest were cut down and removed, which of the following would be the most likely result?
The remaining topsoil would be exposed and vulnerable to wind and water erosion.
The remaining topsoil would be exposed and hardened, making it more difficult to remove.
The remaining topsoil would be enriched as leaves mixed in, causing an increase in land quality.
The remaining topsoil would be immediately removed along with the trees, making it impossible to grow anything.
A scientist finds a fossil that does not match the general pattern of the other fossils found in the area. The scientist wants to know if this fossil is older than the other fossils. Which process will best help the scientist determine the general age of the fossil?
Measure the amount of rock attached to the fossilized bone.
Test the amount of radioactive elements found in the rock.
Determine the amount of erosion evident on the rock.
Observe the types of minerals present in the fossil.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, sections or plates of Earth's crust move slowly over time. The theory describes the formation of all major features that can be found, including mountains and the continents. While today's continents are separated by large oceans, scientists believe that one large supercontinent existed 200 million years ago. Which of these pieces of evidence best supports the theory of plate tectonics?
The coastlines of Africa and South America match.
North America has four distinct seasons every year.
The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the Atlantic Ocean.
Temperatures at the equator are much warmer than in Antarctica.
Geologic and fossil evidence suggests that all landmasses were once connected in a supercontinent named Pangaea. What geologic phenomenon can explain the change from Pangaea to the current arrangement of continents
changes in tectonic plate positions
changes in volcanic activity in the oceans
changes in rock weathering and soil erosion
changes in oceanic currents and temperatures
What is the biggest difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?
Laws explain the physical sciences, while theories explain only the life sciences.
Laws are demonstrated in nature frequently, while theories are demonstrated less regularly.
Laws take only temporary events into account, while theories discuss long-term phenomena.
Laws describe the events that occur in nature under certain conditions, while theories explain how nature works.
Which of the following Earth surface events is most likely a result of convection within the layers of Earth?
a tornado
a high tide
a geyser erupting
a jet stream changing
Which is an accurate description of the layer of Earth called the mantle?
made of solid iron and nickel
outermost layer of the solid Earth
dense, hot layer of partially solid rock
inner liquid molten layer of rock
Limestone forms as ocean water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind, which is then deposited in the seabed. What type of rock can be formed in this way?
igneous
magma
metamorphic
sedimentary
Earth is made of several layers. Which layer primarily produces Earth's magnetic field?
lithosphere
convecting mantle
metallic liquid outer core
solid metallic inner core
Which statement correctly describes the part of the rock cycle required to form igneous rock?
settling of solid rocks into layers
melting of solid rocks to form magma
folding of solid rocks under heat and pressure
weathering of solid rocks exposed at the surface
There are many kinds of volcanoes on Earth's surface. Some spew lava almost constantly and some erupt violently once every few hundred years. However, all volcanoes at some point produce a flow of magma that reaches Earth's surface. Where are active or extinct volcanoes least likely to be found?
in a mountain chain
in the middle of the ocean
on the edge of a continent plate
in the middle of a continental plate
Which of these observations describes evidence of folding within Earth's surface?
layers of ash and igneous rock on a slope
layers of cracked and discontinuous rock in a field
layers of rock shaped in wavy patterns on a hillside
layers of igneous rock formed parallel to a divergent plate boundary
Currently, there are 44 active volcanoes in the Andes Mountains in South America. Why are volcanoes so common in mountain ranges such as the Andes?
The Andes are at a high elevation, which is necessary for volcano cone formation.
The Andes absorb more solar radiation and create the heat necessary to form lava.
The Andes are located largely in rain forests where the hot climate supports volcano formation.
The Andes are in a region where a crustal plate is moving under another plate, which causes volcano formation
A lava lamp contains liquid with soft wax and a light bulb at the bottom.
• The wax near the light bulb gets warmer.
• The heated wax moves towards the top.
• When the wax gets to the top, the liquid is cooler.
• The wax cools and sinks to the bottom.
How are a lava lamp and Earth alike?
The light bulb is like the radiation of the Sun.
The light bulb is like the gravitational pull of Earth.
The moving wax is like the formation of mountains
The moving wax is like the fluid, molten areas below the crust.
How does the movement of tectonic plates create new mountains?
When one plate gets pulled underneath another, the crust piles up underneath the top plate.
When one plate slides past another in the opposite direction, the crust piles up.
When continental plates crash into each other, rocks from the crust pile up.
When the plates move apart, rocks from the crust pile up to fill in the gap
Which of these statements describes a transformation that occurs as a result of extreme heat and pressure?
Magma cools after a volcanic eruption, forming dark-colored igneous rock.
Igneous rock is compressed deep within Earth's crust and is changed into marble.
Debris from land is washed into a lake bed and then undergoes cementation and compaction.
Particles of sedimentary rock are broken down, moved by wind or water, and deposited in a new location.
Which of these causes a rapid change in Earth's surface?
the eruption of a volcano
the formation of a mountain chain
the spreading of the sea floor at the Mid-Atlantic ridge
the movement of the South American and African continents
What do all inner planets have in common?
They have the same period of revolution.
They have the same period of rotation.
They have the same diameter.
They are relatively small and have rocky surfaces.
If you hold a cold glass of iced tea on a summer's day, which of the following will take place?
Cold will travel from the glass to your hand.
The temperature of the iced tea will decrease.
The temperature of your hand will increase.
Heat will travel from your hand to the glass.
When a liquid substance, such as water, gains heat energy, which of the following will happen?
The water will always change state and become a gas.
The water may become a solid.
The water will remain in the liquid state regardless of the amount of heat gained.
The water may change states depending on the amount of heat gained.
In studying the Solar System, Kylie learns that heat flows from the Sun to Earth. What can this tell her about the temperature of the Sun compared to the temperature of Earth?
The Sun is hotter than Earth.
Earth is hotter than the Sun.
Earth will one day be hotter than the Sun.
Earth and the Sun are the same temperature.
Car engines generate a lot of heat. In a water-cooled engine, a water pump prevents the engine from burning up by circulating liquid coolant through the engine. That liquid is then pumped to the radiator. A fan then causes air to flow through the radiator. Which best describes the flow of heat through this system?
The fan blows cool air through the engine, and heat leaves the engine in one continuous movement.
The coolness from the water pump's liquid coolant flows into the hot radiator, cooling the system.
Heat from the engine is transferred to the liquid coolant, which transfers to the radiator and then to the air.
Heat is transferred to the air flowing through the radiator. It is then dissipated into the atmosphere.
Yuan has several test tubes of different liquids. If Yuan adds heat to the liquid substances, which of the following is most likely to occur?
They will take up less space
They will become gases.
They will decrease in temperature.
They will become solids
Why don’t solar eclipses happen every month?
Earth’s orbit around the Sun is at an angle, which keeps Earth out of the Moon’s shadow.
Earth’s tilt on its rotation axis keeps it from falling into the Moon’s shadow during most months.
The Moon’s orbit is irregular, and most of the time the Moon is too far away to cast a shadow on Earth.
The Moon’s orbit is tilted compared to the Earth’s orbit, so Earth is not in the Moon’s shadow most months
The water level at the beach changes during the day. Which of the following most impacts the changes in water level?
Earth’s revolution
Earth’s magnetic field
The Sun’s gravitational pull
The Moon’s gravitational pull
Which factors affect the force of gravity between two objects?
location on Earth and the weight of the objects
weight and distance between the two objects
mass and distance between the two objects
weight and mass of the two objects
What happens when the space shuttle takes off and moves away from Earth?
Its mass decreases and weight increases.
Its mass increases and weight decreases
Its mass remains constant and weight decreases.
Its mass remains constant and weight increases
Which situation would produce the largest gravitational force between two objects?
a 100-gram mass and a 500-gram mass that are 1 meter apart
a 100-gram mass and a 1000-gram mass that are 1 meter apart
a 100-gram mass and a 500-gram mass that are 0.5 meter apart
a 100-gram mass and a 1000-gram mass that are 0.5 meter apart.
Which of the following statements best explains why the Earth experiences seasons as it orbits the Sun?
The Earth orbits the Sun and when it is closer to the Sun, we experience summer, and when it is farther away from the Sun, we experience winter.
The Earth orbits the Sun with a tilted axis and at different points in the orbit, different parts of the Earth receive the direct rays of the Sun.
The Sun orbits the Earth which is on a tilted axis and so its impact varies, creating the different seasons.
The Sun orbits the Earth and when it is closer to the Earth, we experience summer, and when it is farther away from the Earth, we experience winter
When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, how does this affect the length of our day?
A. Our days are longer and our nights are longer.
B. Our days are longer and our nights are shorter.
C. Our days are shorter, and our nights are longer.
D. The length of our days and nights are constant throughout the year.
The Sun’s energy warms the Earth more at the equator than at the poles. Which of the following best explains why?40 . The Sun’s energy warms the Earth more at the equator than at the poles. Which of the following best explains why?
A. Sunlight is less spread out near the equator,
B. Sunlight is more spread out near the equator.
C. The equator lacks ice, which reflects the sun’s energy.
D. The equator has more of a curved surface than the poles
Which of the following best describes the geocentric model of stars and planets?
the belief that planets revolve around stars
the belief that stars and planets revolve around Earth
the belief that stars and planets revolve around the sun
the belief that planets and the moon revolve around Earth
The Moon revolves around Earth. Why do temperatures on the Moon's surface vary more than temperatures on Earth’s surface?
A. The moon has patches of ice.
B. The moon has no atmosphere.
C. The moon’s surface has many craters
D. The moon has lower density than Earth.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, at a distance of about 57 million kilometers (km) away from the Sun. Neptune is the furthest planet from the Sun, at a distance of about 4.5 billion km away from the Sun. Which statement is most true about the temperature of Mercury compared to the temperature of Neptune?
A. Neptune is hotter than Mercury, since Neptune is made of gases while Mercury is made of rock
B. Mercury is colder than Neptune, since Mercury has no atmosphere to trap heat
C. Neptune is colder than Mercury, since Neptune is so much farther from the Sun
D. Mercury and Neptune are the same temperature, since they are in the same Solar System
If the Earth's axis were perpendicular to its orbit, how would the seasons be affected?
A. There would be no seasons.
B. The seasons would not be affected.
C. The seasons would be more extreme.
D. Winter and summer would be reversed
During what phase can a lunar eclipse occur?
new moon
first quarter
waxing gibbous
full moon
What causes regular tides?
storms at sea
the moon's gravity, but not the sun'
the Sun's gravity, but not the moon's
gravity of both the moon and the su
How many independent variables should you have in an experiment?
two
as many as possible
four
one
The variable that is being measured or observed is called the _______________. Hint: this is the variable that is the result or effect
independent variable
dependent variable
control variable
What is a constant/control in an experiment?
Things that do not change in a experiment. It's the variable that stays the same. You can have many variables stay the same.
It's the variables that the scientist changes in the experiment
It's the variables that are being measured in an experiment
Jack is doing an experiment to see which shoes help him run the fastest. What will his independent variable be?
The shoes he wears
The track he runs on
The time of day he runs
Sally is doing an experiment to see which brand of sunscreen works best. What is not a controlled variable for this experiment?
The time of day she is in the sun
The amount of time she is in the sun
The amount of sunscreen she uses.
The brand of sunscreen.
The variable that is being tested, counted or measured and is responding to the independent variable is known as:
Control
Independent Variable
Constant
Dependent Variable
Which brand of paper towel will absorb the most liquid? What is the dependent variable?
brand of paper towel
amount of water absorbed
Zach wants to know if the amount of time he spends on social media has an effect on his grades. What is the independent variable?
Time on social media
His grades
Maddie wants to determine if the weight of the dog determines the number of puppies in a litter. What is the dependent variable?
type of dog
number of puppies
Beth wants to know if increasing her exercise will decrease the time it takes her to run a mile. What is the independent variable?
Distance
amount of exercise
Which planet is the smallest?
Jupiter
Neptune
Mercury
Pluto
Which planet is the largest?
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
Pluto
Where is the asteroid belt located?
Between Earth and Mars
Between Mars and Jupiter
Beyond Pluto
Next to the sun
How many AU's (astronomical units) is Earth from the sun?
.39
1.25
30
1
Choose the correct order of the first 4 planets
Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars
Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Mercury, Mars, Venus, Pluto
Choose the correct order of the outer gas giants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus
Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter
Jupiter, Saturn, Neptunr, Pluto
