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HM Midterm Review

Total questions: 156

Worksheet time: 2hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of ocean movement can be described as the rise and fall of sea level, mostly due to the gravitational influence of the moon?

a)

Current

b)

Wave

c)

Tide

2.

Which type of ocean movement varies depending on the current moon phase?

a)

Current

b)

Wave

c)

Tide

3.

Which type of tides have a smaller change in sea level due to the Earth, Moon, and Sun forming a right angle?

a)

High/Low

b)

Spring

c)

Neap

4.

Which type of tides have a larger tidal range due to the Earth, Moon, and Sun forming a line?

a)

High/Low

b)

Spring

c)

Neap

5.

Which tide would be caused by the positions of the sun and moon in the picture?

a)

High Tide

b)

Low Tide

c)

Spring Tide

d)

Neap Tide

6.

Which tide would be caused by the positions of the sun and moon in the picture?

a)

High Tide

b)

Low Tide

c)

Spring Tide

d)

Neap Tide

7.

If a Spring Tide occurs during a New Moon or a Full Moon, when does a Neap Tide occur?

a)

Never

b)

Also during a New Moon and Full Moon

c)

During a Half Moon (Waxing and Waning)

d)

The tides are always at Neap Conditions

8.

If a Neap Tide occurs during a Half Moon (Waxing or Waning), when does a Spring Tide occur?

a)

Only in the Spring Season

b)

During a New Moon and Full Moon

c)

Also during a Half Moon (Waxing and Waning)

d)

The tides are always at Neap Conditions

9.

If the moon were to move CLOSER to Earth, which of the following would be true?

a)

High tides would get higher

b)

Low tides would get higher

c)

There would be no change to the tides

d)

High tide and Low tide would have litte difference in size.

10.

Which tide results in the LARGEST movement of water?

a)

Spring Tide

b)

Neap Tide

c)

Rip TIde

d)

Ebb Tide

11.

In Diagram 1, the monthly tide being experienced is the _tide.

(a)  

12.

In Diagram 1, The people living on the area of Earth in line with the moon are experiencing the daily _ tide

(a)  

13.

In Diagram 1, the people living on the area of Earth perpendicular to the moon are experiencing tide.

(a)  

14.

In Diagram 1, the moon is at _ phase in this diagram.

(a)  

15.

When the Sun and Moon exert their gravitational pull in the same direction, the impact of each body's pull is cancelled out.

a)

True

b)

False

16.
What causes surface waves?
a)
underwater volcanoes
b)
earthquakes
c)
wind
d)
landslides
17.
Which of the following is not a factor affecting wave height?
a)
direction wind is blowing
b)
wind speed
c)
length of time wind is blowing
d)
distance wind is blowing
18.
What is represented at point 1?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
19.
What is represented at point 2?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
20.
What is represented at point 3?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
21.
What is represented at point 4?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
22.
Which statement correctly describes the motion of water particles due to the action of waves?
a)
they travel from one crest to another
b)
they move in opposite direction of the wave
c)
they rise and fall in a circular motion
d)
they move back and forth
23.
Which of the following is not a cause of a tsunami? 
a)
Volcanic eruption
b)
Tornado
c)
Underwater earthquakes
d)
Landslide
24.

Waves that move in water less than 1/2 their wavelength

a)

Deep Water Waves

b)

Shallow Water Waves

c)

Open Ocean Waves

d)

Tsunami

25.

Rolling waves that move steadily across the ocean

a)

breaker

b)

surf

c)

whitecap

d)

swell

26.

1. What do you call the semi-enclosed area where fresh water from a river meets salty water from the sea.

a)

A. Watershed

b)

B. Groundwater

c)

C. Estuary

d)

D. Ocean

27.

2. It is a factor of living organisms that can affect Ecosystem.

a)

A. Biotic

b)

B. bar-built

c)

C. Abiotic

d)

D. fjords

28.

3. It is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.

a)

A. emersion

b)

B. Zone

c)

C. Intertidal

d)

D. Ecosystem

29.

4. Occur in the intertidal zone between the land and the sea and that are covered by salty or brackish water for at least part of the time.

a)

A. Rocky shore

b)

B. Mud Flats

c)

C. Coral Reefs

d)

D. Salt Marsh

30.

5. It is located along the edges of the salt marsh. This harsh habitat is covered by water at flood high tide and exposed to the scorching sun at ebb (low) tide. It consists of a soggy substrate made up of clay and silt that is deposited during slack tide.

a)

A. Rocky shore

b)

B. Mud Flats

c)

C. Coral Reefs

d)

D. Salt Marsh

31.

6. Usually occur well below main sea level, where they are only emergent during spring tides, and occasionally in tidal pools higher up the shore.

a)

A. Rocky shore

b)

B. Mud Flats

c)

C. Coral Reefs

d)

D. Salt Marsh

32.

7. It is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates.

a)

A. Rocky shore

b)

B. Mud Flats

c)

C. Coral Reefs

d)

D. Salt Marsh

33.

8. It is an interlinked food chain. It consists of two or more chains and contains more organisms compared to a single food chain.

a)

A. Estuaries

b)

B. Intertidal

c)

C. Food Chain

d)

D. Food Web

34.

9. It is a series of organisms in which an organism feeds on another organism and so on. It always starts with the producer.

a)

A. Estuaries

b)

B. Intertidal

c)

C. Food Chain

d)

D. Food Web

35.

10. Interactions that take place in inertial zones and estuaries are___.

a)

A. Estuaries and Intertidal zone

b)

B. West Coast and West Coast

c)

C. Biotic and Abiotic

d)

D. Food Chain and Food Web

36.

11. These are the factors work together to create a unique ecosystem.

a)

A. Estuaries and Intertidal zone

b)

B. West Coast and West Coast

c)

C. Biotic and Abiotic

d)

D. Food Chain and Food Web

37.

12. It is a nonliving organism that can also affect our ecosystems.

a)

A. Biotic

b)

B. Abiotic

c)

C. Estuaries

d)

D. Intertidal zone

38.

13. Which type of estuary is formed when river sediments create sand bars or barrier islands?

a)

A. coastal plain

b)

B. bar-built

c)

C. tectonic

d)

D. fjords

39.

14. The area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides?

a)

A. coastal plain

b)

B. bar-built

c)

C. tectonic

d)

D. Intertidal Zone

40.

15. Which type of estuary is formed when river sediments create sand bars or barrier islands?

a)

A. coastal plain

b)

B. bar-built

c)

C. tectonic

d)

D. fjords

41.

An estuary is best defined as a place where--

a)

fresh and salt water meet

b)

a river meets the Chesapeake Bay

c)

a group of animals are gathered

d)

the water from the land flows into a river

42.

What is one use of an estuary?

a)

Used as a place to help predators capture their prey

b)

Used as a "nursery" to help organisms raise babies

c)

Used as a place the filter sediment and trap pollution

d)

Used as an "overflow" area to prevent flooding

43.

Glaciers that have cut through granite rock form these type of estuaries:

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

44.
When salt and fresh water mix, what is the new water substance called?
a)

Estuarine Water

b)
Fresh Water
c)
Salt Water
d)
Brackish Water
45.

The measure of the amount of salt dissolved in water is:

a)

pH

b)

salinity

c)

solution

d)

miscibility

46.

Which type of water has more density?

a)

Freshwater

b)

They are the same

c)

Saltwater

d)

Neither have density

47.

Estuaries act like a ______ to help absorb flood water and storm surges.

a)

forest

b)

sandy beach

c)

river

d)

barrier

48.

Estuaries are a(n) _______ enclosed body of water.

a)

fully

b)

partially

c)

underground

d)

optional

49.

Estuaries are not only habitats for animals but they can provide this for people:

a)

Recreational area

b)

Food source

c)

Educational and learning environment

d)

All of these

50.

Sand bars that build up over a long time and partially close off coastal waters form this type of estuary:

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

51.

Over time, sea level rose filling in old river basins/land depressions, this forms what type of estuary?

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

52.

Over time, Earth's surface sank allowing for water to fill in lower lands, this forms what type of estuary?

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

53.

Of the following, estuary animals have to be adapted for varying levels of:

a)

Dissolved Oxygen

b)

Salinity

c)

Temperature

d)

All of these

54.

To protect our estuaries, you can...

a)

Recycle

b)

Stop Littering

c)

Be mindful of your waste and where it's going

d)

All of these

55.

pH measures

a)

The mass

b)

The hydrogen ion concentration in a substance

c)

The concentration of nitrogen in a substance

d)

The concentration of oxygen in a solution

56.

Ocean acidification is

a)

the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans

b)

a change in the properties of ocean water that can be harmful for plants and animals

c)

All of the above

57.

CO2 (carbon dioxide) has been increasing because of

a)

burning fossil

b)

releasing chemicals into the atmosphere

c)

industrial activities

d)

All of the above

58.

The ocean also absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) from Earth's atmosphere. This gas combines with ___________ to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)

a)

seawater

b)

nitrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

lemon

59.

The increasing of carbonic acid (H2C03) is detrimental to

a)

shells

b)

oysters

c)

corals

d)

all of the above

60.

What is the chemical symbol of water?

a)

H2O

b)

CO2

c)

O2

d)

N2

61.

What is cohesion?

a)

The ability of a molecule to "stick" to itself

b)

The ability of a molecule to "stick" to other molecules

c)

Large amounts of energy are required to change the temperature of a substance

d)

A well-organized and efficient team

62.

What do the green bonds represent?

a)

Covalent Bond

b)

Hydrogen Bond

c)

Ionic Bond

63.

What property of water results in the accumulation of small amounts of water into larger amounts of water? The results in the rivers, lakes, streams, and even the oceans.

a)

Cohesive Behavior

b)

Expansion Upon Freezing

c)

Ability to Moderate Temperature

d)

Universal Solvent

64.

This individual is ice fishing. They cut through the top layers of ice to reach the water and fish below. What property of water allows for this to happen?

a)

Expansion Upon Freezing

b)

Universal Solvent

c)

Ability to Moderate Temperature

d)

Cohesive Behavior

65.

What property of water allows for water to act as a temperature regulator for the world?

a)

Cohesive Behavior

b)

Expansion Upon Freezing

c)

High Specific Heat

d)

Universal Solvent

66.

What property of water causes these Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve?

a)

Universal Solvent

b)

Expansion Upon Freezing

c)

Cohesive Behavior

d)

High Specific Heat

67.

Water that hits land and flows into a creek, stream, or a river is best describes as

a)

condensation

b)

precipitation

c)

run-off

d)

transpiration

68.

Which of these is NOT talking about a watershed?

a)

An area where all water drains

b)

Can also be called a river basin

c)

Shaped by hills and mountains (topography)

d)

Follows state lines

69.

What describes an area where freshwater and saltwater mix?

a)

Lake

b)

Tributary

c)

Estuary

d)

Sound

70.

Why do cities and suburbs have more runoff and pollution?

a)

More people making pollutants

b)

Pavement doesn't absorb water

c)

Storm drain water not cleaned

d)

All of the above

71.

Which activity helps reduce the severity of flooding?

a)

draining wetlands

b)

clearing trees from hillsides

c)

creating artificial wetlands

d)

paving urban areas

72.

An estuary is best defined as a place where--

a)

fresh and salt water meet

b)

a river meets the Chesapeake Bay

c)

a group of animals are gathered

d)

the water from the land flows into a river

73.

What is one use of an estuary?

a)

Used as a place to help predators capture their prey

b)

Used as a "nursery" to help organisms raise babies

c)

Used as a place the filter sediment and trap pollution

d)

Used as an "overflow" area to prevent flooding

74.

Glaciers that have cut through granite rock form these type of estuaries:

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

75.
When salt and fresh water mix, what is the new water substance called?
a)

Estuarine Water

b)
Fresh Water
c)
Salt Water
d)
Brackish Water
76.

The measure of the amount of salt dissolved in water is:

a)

pH

b)

salinity

c)

solution

d)

miscibility

77.

Which type of water has more density?

a)

Freshwater

b)

They are the same

c)

Saltwater

d)

Neither have density

78.

Estuaries act like a ______ to help absorb flood water and storm surges.

a)

forest

b)

sandy beach

c)

river

d)

barrier

79.

Estuaries are a(n) _______ enclosed body of water.

a)

fully

b)

partially

c)

underground

d)

optional

80.

Estuaries are not only habitats for animals but they can provide this for people:

a)

Recreational area

b)

Food source

c)

Educational and learning environment

d)

All of these

81.

Sand bars that build up over a long time and partially close off coastal waters form this type of estuary:

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

82.

Over time, sea level rose filling in old river basins/land depressions, this forms what type of estuary?

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

83.

Over time, Earth's surface sank allowing for water to fill in lower lands, this forms what type of estuary?

a)

bar built

b)

fjords

c)

coastal plain

d)

tectonic

84.

Of the following, estuary animals have to be adapted for varying levels of:

a)

Dissolved Oxygen

b)

Salinity

c)

Temperature

d)

All of these

85.

To protect our estuaries, you can...

a)

Recycle

b)

Stop Littering

c)

Be mindful of your waste and where it's going

d)

All of these

86.

pH measures

a)

The mass

b)

The hydrogen ion concentration in a substance

c)

The concentration of nitrogen in a substance

d)

The concentration of oxygen in a solution

87.

The pH scale ranges from

a)

0 to 14

b)

0 to 7

c)

0 to 5

d)

0 to 28

88.

On the pH scale, anything below 7.0 is

a)

acidic

b)

alkaline

c)

basic

89.

On the pH scale, anything above 7.0 is

a)

alkaline

or basic

b)

acidic

90.

Pure water has a pH value of exactly

a)

7

b)

8

c)

5

d)

14

91.

What is the pH of the tomato?

a)

0

b)

8

c)

4

d)

5

92.

Ocean acidification is

a)

the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans

b)

a change in the properties of ocean water that can be harmful for plants and animals

c)

All of the above

93.

CO2 (carbon dioxide) has been increasing because of

a)

burning fossil

b)

releasing chemicals into the atmosphere

c)

industrial activities

d)

All of the above

94.

The ocean also absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) from Earth's atmosphere. This gas combines with ___________ to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)

a)

seawater

b)

nitrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

lemon

95.

The increasing of carbonic acid (H2C03) is detrimental to

a)

shells

b)

oysters

c)

corals

d)

all of the above

96.

What is the chemical symbol of water?

a)

H2O

b)

CO2

c)

O2

d)

N2

97.

What is cohesion?

a)

The ability of a molecule to "stick" to itself

b)

The ability of a molecule to "stick" to other molecules

c)

Large amounts of energy are required to change the temperature of a substance

d)

A well-organized and efficient team

98.

What do the green bonds represent?

a)

Covalent Bond

b)

Hydrogen Bond

c)

Ionic Bond

99.

What property of water results in the accumulation of small amounts of water into larger amounts of water? The results in the rivers, lakes, streams, and even the oceans.

a)

Cohesive Behavior

b)

Expansion Upon Freezing

c)

Ability to Moderate Temperature

d)

Universal Solvent

100.

This individual is ice fishing. They cut through the top layers of ice to reach the water and fish below. What property of water allows for this to happen?

a)

Expansion Upon Freezing

b)

Universal Solvent

c)

Ability to Moderate Temperature

d)

Cohesive Behavior

101.

What property of water allows for water to act as a temperature regulator for the world?

a)

Cohesive Behavior

b)

Expansion Upon Freezing

c)

High Specific Heat

d)

Universal Solvent

102.

What property of water causes these Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve?

a)

Universal Solvent

b)

Expansion Upon Freezing

c)

Cohesive Behavior

d)

High Specific Heat

103.

Water that hits land and flows into a creek, stream, or a river is best describes as

a)

condensation

b)

precipitation

c)

run-off

d)

transpiration

104.

Which of these is NOT talking about a watershed?

a)

An area where all water drains

b)

Can also be called a river basin

c)

Shaped by hills and mountains (topography)

d)

Follows state lines

105.

What describes an area where freshwater and saltwater mix?

a)

Lake

b)

Tributary

c)

Estuary

d)

Sound

106.

Why do cities and suburbs have more runoff and pollution?

a)

More people making pollutants

b)

Pavement doesn't absorb water

c)

Storm drain water not cleaned

d)

All of the above

107.

Which activity helps reduce the severity of flooding?

a)

draining wetlands

b)

clearing trees from hillsides

c)

creating artificial wetlands

d)

paving urban areas

108.

Organisms living here must have adaptations to tolerate being exposed to the atmosphere.

a)

Photic Zone

b)

Neritic Zone

c)

Hadal Zone

d)

Intertidal Zone

e)

Oceanic Zone

109.

An example of an abiotic factor influencing marine organisms is ...

a)

salinity

b)

predation

c)

parasitism

d)

competition

110.

__________________is when one organism successfully outcompetes another and excludes it from a particular area or niche.

a)

Resource partitioning

b)

Competitive exclusion

c)

Predation

d)

Parasitism

111.

When a population reaches equilibrium it is at its ...

a)

exponential growth rate

b)

carrying capacity

c)

niche

112.

The proper order (bottom to top) of food web relationships is

a)

carnivore-producer-herbivore

b)

producer-herbivore-carnivore

c)

herbivore-producer-carnivore

d)

herbivore-carnivore-producer

113.

With each change in trophic level we can expect a _____% transfer of biomass

a)

5

b)

10

c)

50

d)

90

114.

Decomposers break down a dead organism into ...

a)

bacteria

b)

harmful chemicals

c)

nutrients

d)

fungi

115.

In what form of symbiosis does one organism benefit, while the other is unaffected?

a)

commensalism

b)

parasitism

c)

predation

d)

mutualism

116.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
sunlight
c)
water
d)
carbon
117.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?
a)
energy path
b)
food web
c)
trophic level
d)
food pyramid
118.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
119.
An illustration that uses arrows to show the many possible directions in which matter and energy can pass through the organisms in an ecosystem.
a)
Food chain
b)
Food web
c)
Energy Pyramid
d)
Succession Map
120.
The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Biotic factors
121.
The living portions of the ecosystem.
a)
Biotic factors
b)
Abiotic factors
122.
Water temperature would be an example of ...
a)
A biotic factor
b)
An abiotic factor
123.

Which biogeochemical cycle is occurring above?

a)

Carbon cycle

b)

Water cycle

c)

Rock Cycle

124.

What biogeochemical cycle is occuring?

a)

Water cycle

b)

Carbon Cycle

125.

What is one way carbon is released into the atmosphere?

a)

Burning fossil fuels

b)

Evaporation of water

c)

Photosynthesis

126.
An excess of which of the following would most likely be associated with the formation of a dead zone?
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Iron
127.
Which of the following is not a source of nitrogen and phosphorous to a river?
a)
Fertilizers
b)
Animal waste
c)
Wastewater 
d)
Burning fossil fuels 
128.
What does DO stand for?
a)
Dissolved oxygen
b)
Dissolved osmium
c)
Dissolved ozone 
129.
This term refers to an ecological imbalance caused by excess nutrients
a)
Eutrophication
b)
Nitrification
c)
Decomposition
d)
Photosynthesis
130.
True or false: dead zones can occur in both fresh and marine waters around the world. 
a)
True
b)
False 
131.
How is DO content related to water temperature?
a)
the colder the water, the more dissolved oxygen there is
b)
The warmer the water, the more dissolved oxygen there is
132.
The _________ zone is the ocean floor.
a)
intertidal
b)
neritic
c)
oceanic
d)
benthic
133.
The __________ zone is the place where the ocean meets the land.
a)
intertidal
b)
neritic
c)
oceanic
d)
benthic
134.
An area where fresh water from streams and rivers spills into the ocean is called an _____________.
a)
plankton
b)
estuary
c)
sargassums
d)
coral reefs
135.
Where are most coral reefs found?
a)
warm, shallow areas of the neritic zone
b)
deepest, dark areas of the benthic zone
c)
deep water of the open ocean
136.

The marine ecosystem providing the most habitat and with the MOST diversity is

a)

sandy beach

b)

rocky shore

c)

coral reef

d)

kelp forest

137.

The BIGGEST function of an estuary is providing

a)

salt products

b)

a nursery for baby organisms

c)

recreation

d)

most of the world's oxygen

138.

Which ecosystem is this? : These ecosystems are the areas of shorelines that are left uncovered during low tide but which are underwater during high tide; they are usually rocky, but in tropical areas they may be sandy; organisms that live here need to adapt to the waves, the sun, and both marine and land predators

a)

Deep sea

b)

Open ocean

c)

Intertidal zone

d)

Coral reefs

139.

the production of light by means of a chemical reaction in an organism

a)

transition zone

b)

deep zone

c)

bio-luminescence

d)

surface zone

140.

Area of ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf

a)

deep zone

b)

neritic zone

c)

open ocean

d)

aphotic zone

141.

permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone

a)

aphotic zone

b)

photic zone

c)

surface zone

d)

intertidal zone

142.

Portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.

a)

open ocean

b)

aphotic zone

c)

photic zone

d)

deep zone

143.
the open water area beyond the continental shelf
a)
oceanic zone
b)
tidal zone
c)
bahyal zone
d)
abyssal zone
144.
The correct order of ocean zones in the aphotic zone, is:
a)
Aphotic, Abyssal, Bathyal
b)
Abyssal, Photic, Hadal
c)
Bathyal, Abyssal, Hadal
d)
Bathyla, Hadal, Abyssal
145.
a)

D is the Supratidal Zone

b)

D is the Benthic Zone

c)

D is the Neritic Zone

d)

D is the Pelagic Zone

146.

Which statement about the Epipelagic Zone (E) is true?

a)

Commercial fishing takes place there

b)

It is considered the ocean floor

c)

It receives the least sunlight

d)

It receives the most sunlight

147.

Select all zones that are APHOTIC (little to no light):

a)

Benthic

b)

Abyssal Pelagic

c)

Mesopelagic

d)

Neritic

148.
Amount of stuff in the water
a)
periostracum
b)
turbidity
c)
byssal threads
d)
halophyte
149.
salt tolerant plant
a)
periostracum
b)
turbidity
c)
byssal threads
d)
halophyte
150.

What photos are the Mangroves tree?

a)
b)
c)
d)
151.
Brackish means that the water is
a)
only salt water
b)
a mix of fresh and salt water
c)
only fresh water
152.
What is the significance to the Mangroves?
a)
They protect shorelines from bad weather
b)
mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fishes
153.
Which ecosystem do you see in the picture?
a)
water ecosystem
b)
mangrove ecosystem
c)
coral reef ecosystem
d)
pond ecosystem
154.

Which of these is necessary for a red mangrove to grow

a)

deep soil

b)

shallow water

c)

cool weather

d)

strong winds

155.
Mangroves protect coastlines from erosion by acting as a natural barrier and flood defence. True or false?
a)
True
b)
False
156.
Living things such as the mangrove trees have adaptations that make them __________, or different from other living things in other ecosystems.
a)
restore
b)
conserve
c)
endangered
d)
unique