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Biology Semester 1 Exam Review

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the fluid inside a cell called? 
a)
Endoplasimic Reticulum
b)
Orange Juice
c)
Water
d)
Cytoplasm
2.
Where is DNA stored in a cell? 
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Golgi Complex
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Nucleus
3.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
4.
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Ribosome
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Vacuole
5.
The levels of organization from the simplest to the most complex are
a)
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
b)
Organisms, organs, tissues, cells, organ systems
c)
Cells, organs, organ systems, tissues, organism
d)
Tissues, cells, organs, organism
6.
Which of these statements describes how monomers combine and create macromolecules?
a)
Amino acids combine to make proteins.
b)
Glucose molecules combine to make nucleic acids.
c)
Nucleic acids combine to make starch.
d)
Proteins combine to make glucose.
7.
Identify the biomolecule
a)
Lipid
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
8.

An organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen that is used for quick energy

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

9.

An organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen that is used for stored energy and insulation

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

10.

An organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphate that transmits hereditary information (tells the body to make proteins) 

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

11.

Which of the following is an organic substance that speeds up a chemical reaction?

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Enzyme

c)

Simple Sugar

d)

Nucleic Acid

12.

_______ are the smallest units of life because they grow, reproduce, respond, and use energy.

a)

atoms

b)

elements

c)

cells

d)

all of the above

13.

The cell theory states that_________

a)

cells come from cells

b)

all organisms are made of cells

c)

cells are the basic unit of structure and function for life

d)

all of the above

14.
Bacteria is what kind of cell?
a)
Eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
15.

What organelle is associated with the production of proteins during protein synthesis?

a)

nucleus

b)

ribosome

c)

mitochondria

d)

cell membrane

16.

Which of these do plant cells have that animal cells do NOT have?

a)

cell wall

b)

chlorophyll

c)

chloroplasts

d)

all of these

17.

What is a Prokaryotic Cell?

a)

A cell with a nucleus

b)

A cell without a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

c)

Complex cells

d)

Cells with membrane-bound organelles

18.

The order of the stages of mitosis are

a)

telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase

b)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

c)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase,

telophase

d)

telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

19.

Which type of transport does not use energy to transport substances?

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

20.

The organic molecule that is the cell's primary form of energy?

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

ADP

d)

GMP

21.

Cellular Respiration involves the chemical breakdown of _____ to form ATP Energy

a)

Fats

b)

Fructose

c)

Glucose

d)

Proteins

22.

In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?

a)

mitochondria

b)

chromosomes

c)

lysosomes

d)

nucleus

23.
Mitosis is the process by which
a)
Cells get bigger
b)
Cells get smaller
c)
Body cells divide into two
d)
Cells die
24.

Where does the energy for plants to perform photosynthesis come from?

a)

Breaking down ATP

b)

sunlight

c)

glucose metabolism

d)

None of the Above

25.

The movement of substances across the cell membrane that does require the use of energy by the cell is:

a)

Active Transport

b)

Diffusion

c)

Passive Transport

d)

Osmosis

26.

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

a)

Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

b)

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

c)

Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

d)

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

27.
Movement of materials down the concentration gradient through a protein channel is an example of 
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
respiration
d)
osmosis 
28.
In this image, the cell is using which type of molecular transport?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion 
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Exocytosis 
29.
What are the two reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
C6H12O6 & 6CO2
b)
6 CO2 & 6H2O
c)
C6H12O6 & 6O2
d)
6CO2 & 6O2
30.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
31.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

a)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

b)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

c)

Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

d)

Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

32.

The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. (View Image)


Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

a)

A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

b)

The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.

c)

The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.

d)

A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

33.
The building blocks of nucleic acids are called ...
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
carbohydrates
d)
proteins
34.
Enzymes are _________ that __________ chemical reactions.
a)
proteins, slow down
b)
proteins, speed up
c)
lipids, slow down
d)
lipids, speed up
35.
Based on the graph, what temperature does this enzyme work best? 
a)
15 C
b)
40 C
c)
30 C
36.

AMINO ACIDS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF...

a)

CARBHYDRATES

b)

LIPIDS

c)

NUCLEIC ACIDS

d)

PROTEINS

37.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
a)
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
b)
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation.
d)
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
38.

Transcribe the following sequence of DNA into RNA:
AAG   CTT   TGC

(a)  

39.

What would be the complementary DNA strand for the following nucleotide sequence?
TCG ATA CGA

(a)  

40.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

41.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

42.

What happens during the process of translation?

a)

Messenger RNA is made from DNA.

b)

The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

c)

Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.

d)

Copies of DNA molecules are made.

43.

Which process does this diagram illustrate?

a)

transcription

b)

DNA replication

c)

translation

44.

Multicellular organisms have different types of cells which perform specialized

functions. Single-cell organisms consist of only one cell. Different organisms

have different cells, but all organisms contain a common factor. Which of the

following factors are common to all organisms?

a)

All organisms have a central nervous system.

b)

All organisms are made of cells with nuclei.

c)

All organisms have the same type of specialized cells.

d)

All organisms have the same components that make up their genetic code.

45.

A single strand of mRNA is created by using DNA as a template. What is the correct sequence of events that occurs next during protein synthesis?

a)

The mRNA combines with another strand to form double stranded RNA and then goes to a ribosome to make a protein

b)

The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the golgi to be packaged and shipped to new cells

c)

The mRNA leaves the nucleus to undergo translation into a protein at the mitochondria

d)

The mRNA goes to a ribosome after leaving the nucleus where codons and anticodons match up to string together changes of amino acids

46.

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base of DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

47.

Which of the following is true about base pairing?

a)

adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine

b)

adenine pairs with guanine and cytosine pairs with thymine

c)

adenine pairs with cytosine and thymine pairs with guanine

48.

Which type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases of DNA together?

a)

Covalent Bonds

b)

Ionic Bonds

c)

Hydrogen Bonds

49.

Which best describes DNA replication?

a)

Conservative

b)

Semi-Conservative

c)

Duplication

50.

Which kind of RNA carries the instructions to build a protein?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

51.

What kind of mutation occurs when a base is added or removed? (Hint: It affects all codons)

a)

Point

b)

Substitution

c)

Frameshift

52.

Arginine

a)

AAG

b)

AGG

c)

ACU

d)

CUG

e)

UAG

53.

Methionine

a)

AUG

b)

AGG

c)

ACU

d)

CUG

e)

UAG

54.

ACC

a)

Arginine

b)

Serine

c)

Lysine

d)

Threonine

e)

Methionine

55.
The genotype is the ______________.
a)
physical appearance
b)
Genetic makeup
c)
Alleles gained from one parent
56.
The phenotype is the _______________.
a)
physical appearance of an organism
b)
Genetic makeup 
c)
Alleles acquired from a specific parent.
57.
If you cross a black chicken with a white chicken, only checkered chickens would be produced.  What kind of inheritance pattern does this follow?
a)
incomplete Dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
c)
polygenic trait
d)
blocked trait
58.
This type of inheritance pattern is a MIXTURE of both traits.
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
co-dominance
c)
complete dominance
d)
recessive pattern
59.
A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
Hint: Use a punnett square...
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
60.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
61.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
62.
What is the percentage of offspring that have green pods?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
63.
In this punnett square, which is the dominant trait?
The B stands for bud.
a)
purple flower bud
b)
white flower bud
c)
dominant
d)
recessive
64.
In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
65.
Snap dragon color is a incomplete dominant trait.  A red flower (RR) is crossed with white flower (rr)? What color are flowers that are Rr?
a)
Red
b)
Red and White
c)
White
d)
Pink
66.
Controlled by more than one gene.
a)
Codominance
b)
Incomplete dominance.
c)
Polygenic characteristics
67.

A man with type O blood is accused of being the father of a type B baby. The mother is type A. Could this man be the father?

a)

Yes

b)

No

c)

Maybe

68.
This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
dominant pattern
69.
The different forms of a gene are called
a)
traits
b)
pollinators
c)
alleles
d)
hybrids
70.
AB blood type is an example of what type of inheritance?
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
codominance
d)
polygenic inheritance
71.

What is the term for all the stages of the cell cycle except for Mitosis?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

72.

What regulates the cell cycle?

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Carbohydrates

73.

What is the diagram showing?

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Chromatin

c)

Sister chromatids

d)

Centromeres

74.

What causes cancer?

a)

Errors in the regulatory process of the cell cycle that results in uncontrolled cell growth

b)

There is no known cause for cancer

c)

Viruses and other pathogens

d)

Catching it from someone you know that has cancer

75.

What is the function of the S phase?

a)

Regular functions

b)

Replicate DNA

c)

Doubles organelles and normal functions

d)

Cell Divisions

76.

What is the function of the M phase?

a)

Normal cell functions

b)

Doubles organelles

c)

Cell Division

d)

Replicates DNA

77.
What stage is this?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
78.
What stage is this?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
79.
Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
a)
21
b)
23
c)
46
d)
None of the above
80.
What part of the cell cycle is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Cytokinesis

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