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Landforms changes to earth 5.7B 5.7A 3.7B

Total questions: 122

Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Rocks, loose soil and sand rapidly sliding down a slope are a change to the surface of the earth known as a...

a)

Delta

b)

Volcano

c)

Landslide

d)

Glacier

2.

Lava from a volcanic eruption can change the Earth's surface by...

a)

forming new land

b)

making oceans boil

c)

carving deep valleys

d)

pushing aside hills

3.

If rock layers have split and shifted, what most likely caused this change?

a)

River

b)

Landslide

c)

Volcano

d)

Earthquake

4.
Sudden movement of loose rock and soil down a steep slope is called a...
a)
avalanche
b)
landslide
c)
earthquake
d)
creep
5.
The washing away of sand at the beach is a _______________.
a)
Landslide
b)
Flood
c)
Earthquake
d)
Erosion
6.

A rapid change is a change that happens...

a)

slowly.

b)

hot.

c)

cold.

d)

quickly.

7.
Landslide-What process?
a)
Fast Earth Change
b)
Slow Earth Change
8.
When earth materials have been eroded and are put (dropped) into a new location is called.
a)
weathering
b)
deposition
c)
erosion
d)
landslide
9.

Slow process that carries away or moves sediment

a)

Landform

b)

Weathering

c)

Agent

d)

Erosion

10.

Landforms formed from deposition by wind

a)

Delta

b)

Sand dune

c)

U shaped valley

d)

Canyon

11.

Landform formed from deposition by water from a river

a)

Delta

b)

Canyon

c)

V shaped valley

d)

Landform

12.

Landform formed from weathering and erosion by a glacier/ice

a)

V shaped valley

b)

U shaped valley

c)

Erosion

d)

Sand dune

13.

Slow process that breaks down rock into sediment

a)

Canyon

b)

V shaped valley

c)

Erosion

d)

Weathering

14.

Landform formed from weathering and erosion by water from the river

a)

Delta

b)

Canyon

c)

Landform

d)

Deposition

15.

What is it?

a)

river

b)

house

c)

mountain

d)

waterfall

16.

What is it?

a)

river

b)

beach

c)

mountain

d)

waterfall

17.

What is it?

a)

house

b)

market

c)

island

d)

hall

18.

What is it?

a)

Hill

b)

Desert

c)

Farmland

d)

Rainbow

19.

What is it?

a)

Beach

b)

Cave

c)

Company

d)

Factory

20.

What is it?

a)

Beach

b)

Pond

c)

River

d)

Ocean

21.

What is it?

a)

river

b)

valley

c)

hill

d)

waterfall

22.
a)

delta

b)

canyon

c)

cave

d)

sand dune

23.

The process in which rock is broken down into

smaller pieces is –

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

deposition

d)

compaction

24.
a)

landslide

b)

u shaped valley

c)

sand dune

d)

canyon

25.

Deposition

a)

the movement of weathered material by wind, water, or ice (e.g. glaciers)

b)

process by which weathered and eroded material is deposited by wind, water, and ice

c)

process by which exposed rock is broken down by rain, frost, wind, or other elements of weather

d)

a physical structure on Earth that occurs naturally

26.

What is this landform?

a)

sand dune

b)

delta

c)

canyon

d)

arch

27.

This landform is formed by

a)

moving water

b)

wind erosion

c)

deposition

d)

glaciers

28.

What is this landform?

a)

delta

b)

canyon

c)

valley

d)

sand dune

29.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

weathering

c)

deposition of sediments

d)

glaciers

30.

What is this landform?

a)

valley

b)

delta

c)

canyon

d)

sand dune

31.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

wind erosion and deposition

c)

glaciers

d)

weathering

32.

What is this landform?

a)

canyon

b)

delta

c)

valley (U-shaped)

d)

arch

33.

This landform was formed by

a)

ice erosion (from a glacier)

b)

water erosion

c)

wind erosion

d)

weathering

34.

the movement of weathered particles by water, wind or ice

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

35.

a large, flat area of land at the mouth of a river formed by the deposition of sediments

a)

sand dune

b)

canyon

c)

delta

36.

The Rio Grande Valley is located at the southern tip of Texas at the end of a long river known as the Rio Grande. How did the delta at the end of the Rio Grande form?

a)

Sand and mud from the Gulf of Mexico were washed ashore by tsunamis.

b)

The river cut through the solid bedrock of the valley

c)

The river deposited large amounts of sediment from land erosion.

d)

Hurricanes pushed soil and debris from the Gulf of Mexico onto the land.

37.

The photograph shows a canyon in northern Arizona. Which of these best describes how this canyon was most likely formed?

a)

Floods eroded the sandstone away from the canyon walls

b)

Glaciers eroded the canyon rock as they melted and moved.

c)

Ice wedged into cracks in the rock and weathered the canyon walls

d)

Wind blew large rocks that smashed against the canyon walls.

38.

A wide U-shaped valley is shown in photograph. This valley is most likely formed by -

a)

Flash flooding

b)

a glacier

c)

a hurricane

d)

melting snow

39.
Over long periods of time, fossil fuels form deep underground. Which components are related to the formation of fossil fuels?
a)
Lave, sand, and decayed animals
b)
Decayed plants, lava, minerals
c)
Decayed plants and animals and water from the ocean
d)
Decayed plants and animals and sedimentary rocks
40.
Which of the following statements describes the first step in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
a)
Overlying pressure from rocks and soil reduces the size or volume of sediments
b)
Weathered material is moved by wind, water, or ice
c)
Exposed rock and other surfaces are broken down by wind, water, ice, or other elements
d)
A  Weathered and eroded material is deposited by wind, water, or ice
41.

Which of the following statements best explains how petroleum is formed?

a)

Over millions of years, the fossils of dinosaurs decayed and slowly turned into oil.

b)

Oil comes from ancient mud and soil that has been heated in the Earth's crust from millions of years.

c)

Oil comes from the heat and pressure that has been applied to dead microscopic plant and ocean animals for millions of years.

d)

Large machines extract ancient water from the Earth's crust, and scientist add chemicals that change the water to oil.

42.

The diagram below shows the processes of sedimentary rock formation. Which process best fit in the box marked with an X?

a)

Weather and Compaction

b)

Erosion and Cementation

c)

Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

d)

Melting, Cooling, and Deposition

43.

The table below describes the steps involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Based on the information above, which step in the sedimentary rock formation process is known as deposition?

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

44.

The table below describes the steps involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Based on the information above, which step in the sedimentary rock formation process is known as weathering?

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

45.

The table below describes the steps involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Based on the information above, which step in the sedimentary rock formation process is known as compaction?

a)

Step 2

b)

Step 3

c)

Step 4

d)

Step 5

46.

All of these processes are related to the formation of sedimentary rock EXCEPT -

a)

compaction

b)

cementation

c)

deposition

d)

condensation

47.

Which process is NOT a stage in the formation of fossil fuels?

a)

Compaction of fossils and layers of sediment

b)

Fossilization of dead plants and animals

c)

Deposition to create layers of sediment

d)

Eruption of liquids and gases for collection

48.

Two students were discussing how fossil fuels are formed.

Student A stated, " Heat does not play a role in the formation of fossil fuels because it is only the pressure from sediment layers that forms the fuels."

Student B disagreed and stated, "High temperatures and pressure are both needed to form fossil fuels."

Which statement is correct and why?

a)

Student A is correct because fossil fuels are formed under the ocean, by pressure from sediment and water, where the heat cannot reach.

b)

Student B is correct because high temperatures and pressure are needed to change animal and plant remains into fossil fuels.

c)

Student A is correct because fossil fuels are formed from the layers of sediment that turn into fossil fuels.

d)

Student B is correct because fossilization occurs when water is heated and mixed with fossils creating a thick paste that turns to fuel.

49.

Great amounts of force were applied to a large rock causing it to crack. The forces that caused the crack in the rock formation were most likely caused by -

a)

ocean waves weathering the rock

b)

water freezing and thawing in the rock

c)

a glacier passing over the rock

d)

wind creating a tunnel through the rock

50.

How do river deltas change over time?

a)

More and more sediments build up around the delta. The river develops more branches.

b)

Water erosion continues. The ocean wears away the land, and the coastline recedes.

c)

Water erosion continues. Smaller river branches disappear, and the main branch becomes deeper.

d)

Fewer sediments are deposited into the river system. The river valley dries up, and vegetation dies out.

51.

Which type of landform most likely results from the movement of a glacier?

a)

A sharp V shaped valley

b)

A wide and deep canyon

c)

A curved path like a river

d)

A curved U-shaped valley

52.

After studying some of Earth's landforms, a group of students created the list below. Which of the statements in the list above is false?

a)

Statement 1

b)

Statement 2

c)

Statement 3

d)

Statement 4

53.

Rocks will break down into smaller pieces. What are those pieces called?

a)

Crust

b)

Fossils

c)

Plates

d)

Sediment

54.
After weathering, erosion, and deposition break down solid rock into sediments, what processes must happen to form sandstone?
a)
precipitation and evaporation
b)
heat and pressure
c)
cooling and hardening
d)
compaction and cementation
55.
Some students want to make a model to show the FIRST STEP in the formation of coal. Which of the following materials should the students use for the model? 
a)
metal minerals
b)
decaying plants
c)
atmospheric gases
d)
rocks
56.
What feature is the same in the formation of many sedimentary rocks and all fossil fuels? Many sedimentary rocks and all fossil fuels -
a)
require material to be buried and exposed to heat and pressure
b)
are made out of organic material that stores the Sun's energy
c)
form where there are frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity
d)
are produced high in the mountains where temperatures are low
57.
Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then –
a)
buried and squeezed and cemented together.
b)
melted by the heat of the Earth’s core.
c)
completely dissolved in salt water in the ocean.
d)
used by humans as a natural resource. 
58.
Fossil fuels form in sedimentary rocks when –
a)
plants use the nutrients in sediments to grow.
b)
organic matter is buried along with sediments.
c)
rivers carry sediments down mountainsides.
d)
sediments are used by humans as a resource.
59.
The characteristics of four different areas are displayed in the table. Based on the conditions needed for the formation of fossil fuels, which area is most likely to have fossil fuels present today?
a)
Area A
b)
Area B
c)
Area C
d)
Area D
60.
Oil formation occurs where, millions of years ago, there were large oceans. This is because oceans have – 
a)
waves that are constantly moving.
b)
great numbers of microscopic organisms.
c)
currents that mix the water thoroughly.
d)
deep caverns where no light can reach.
61.
Non-Renewable resources are also known as what?
a)
Fossil Fuels
b)
Renewable
c)
Solar Energy
d)
Hydroelectric Energy
62.
Where does most of earth`s energy come from?
a)
The sun
b)
Mars
c)
Wind
d)
Water
63.

What is an example of a renewable resource?

a)

water (hydroelectric)

b)

oil

c)

coal

d)

fossil fuel

64.
Solar Power is a __________ energy resource.
a)
Renewable
b)
Nonrenewable
65.
Hyrdo Power is a __________ energy resource.
a)
Renewable
b)
Nonrenewable
66.
Natural Gas is a __________ energy resource.
a)
Renewable
b)
Nonrenewable
67.
Oil is a __________ energy resource.
a)
Renewable
b)
Nonrenewable
68.

What type of energy is created using these wind turbines.

a)

Geothermal

b)

Hydro

c)

Wind

d)

Nuclear

69.
Wind is a __________ energy resource.
a)
Renewable
b)
Nonrenewable
70.

__________ is an energy resource that WILL NOT run out in the next several hundred years.

a)

Renewable Energy Resource

b)

Nonrenewable Energy Resource

c)

Fossil fuels

d)

biodegradable

71.

What is a fossil fuel?

a)

oil

b)

biomass

c)

wind

d)

hydro

72.
Which of these is used to make gasoline?
a)
natural gas
b)
coal
c)
wind
d)
oil
73.
What is a disadvantage of Fossil Fuels?
a)
Scientists guess that it will run out in the next 50 years
b)
There are no disadvantages
c)
It does not pollute the earth
74.
What are fossil fuels?
a)
Dinosaur bones
b)
Resources made from once living organisms 
c)
Combination of different rocks
d)
Gas Stations
75.
Why do we depend on fossil fuels? 
a)
Electricity, transportation, and heating
b)
Food
c)
Sunlight
d)
Growing, building muscle, calcium
76.

How long does it take for fossil fuels to form?

a)

hundreds of years

b)

millions of years

c)

thousands of years

d)

three weeks

77.

Which does NOT belong with the formation of sedimentary rock?

a)

Pressure

b)

Weathering

c)

Organic Matter

d)

Millions of years

78.

Fossil Fuels are nonrenewable.

a)

True

b)

False

79.

What most likely happened to the dead plants and animals in the diagram?

a)

They were eaten by scavengers.

b)

They were washed away by water.

c)

They became fossil fuels.

d)

They became an underground aquifer.

80.

Small pieces of rock are called -

a)

Crust

b)

Fossils

c)

Plates

d)

Sediment

81.

All of the following are needed in coal formation EXCEPT -

a)

Animals died and were covered by sediment.

b)

Plants died and were covered by sediment

c)

Heat, pressure, and time change the peat to lignite.

d)

Time and pressure changes dead plant material to peat.

82.

What kinds of particles are needed to be present in the marine mud in order for fossil fuels to form?

a)

Mostly sand and a few small bits of wood

b)

Mostly decaying organisms

c)

Mostly lava and a few sedimentary rocks

d)

Mostly metal minerals

83.

Petroleum is another word for -

a)

Oil

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Sedimentary Rock

84.

Which components are related to the formation of fossil fuels?

a)

lava, sand, and decayed animals

b)

decayed plants, lava, and minerals

c)

decayed plants and animals, and water from oceans

d)

decayed plants and animals and sedimentary rock

85.

What is the picture showing?

a)

Compaction

b)

Cementation

c)

Deposition

d)

Weathering

86.

Which list contains only the processes that must occur in order for fossil fuels to form?

a)

formation of faults, burial, glacier formation

b)

organism growth, burial, volcanic eruptions

c)

organism growth, burial, compaction

d)

Erosion, burial, earthquakes

87.

Which of the following best explains how layers of sediment on the bottom of an ocean floor can become rock over many years?

a)

Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock

b)

The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock

c)

Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock

d)

Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock

88.

Which statement best describes the processes of weathering and erosion?

a)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the breakdown of any type of rock into smaller particles and carrying away loose sediments.

b)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for depositing loose sediments on the bottom of an ocean, forming layers of sediment.

c)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the amount of water in a river that transports sediments to the sea.

d)

Weathering and erosion and directly responsible for the transportation, deposition, and compaction of loose sediments on the sea floor.

89.

What is needed for fossil fuel formation but not needed for sedimentary rock formation?

a)

sediment

b)

organic matter

c)

fresh water

d)

heat from the sun

90.

All of the following are something that sedimentary rock and fossil fuels have in common EXCEPT -

a)

Both take millions of years to form.

b)

Both require heat and pressure.

c)

Both require organic matter to form.

d)

Both are found near one another.

91.

Fossil Fuels are

a)

Renewable

b)

Nonrenewable

92.

How do buried remains of plants and animal life become fossil fuels?

a)

Weathering and erosion

b)

Millions of years of heat and pressure

c)

Depositing sediments

d)

Cooling pressure from topsoil

93.

Two examples of fossil fuels are ​ (a)   and (b)   .

Choose from the below words
coal
petroleum
water
air
milk
sunlight
vegetable oil
94.

Organize the steps of formation of sedimentary rocks from start to finish

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Compaction

e)

Cementation

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
95.

Two examples of fossil fuels are ​ (a)   and (b)   .

Choose from the below words
oil
natural gas
sand
rocks
corn oil
syrup
maple syrup
96.

The layers in the canyon's sedimentary rock were most likely created by ​​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
moving water
volcanic eruptions
earthquakes
scorching sun
97.

Which layer is the oldest?

(a)  

98.

Which layer is the youngest?

(a)  

99.

Which layer is younger than layer 4?

a)

2

b)

1

c)

6

d)

3

100.

What are fossil fuels made out of?

a)

rocks buried underneath the Earth

b)

dead organisms changed by heat and pressure

c)

living plants using photosynthesis

d)

magma preserved under the Earth's crust

101.

Which of the following is NOT something needed to create a sedimentary rock?

a)

High pressure

b)

Thousands of years (time)

c)

Decaying organisms

d)

Cementation

102.

A​ (a)   is created by the slowing down of sediment that is deposited at the mouths of rivers.

Choose from the below words
delta
canyon
v-shaped valley
u-shaped valley
103.

Sediment moving through rivers and depositing in the ocean can form layers over time. These layers can also be called ______________.

a)

igneous rocks

b)

metamorphic rocks

c)

sedimentary rocks

d)

sand dunes

104.

Which two words can best complete the order in the process shown?

1.​ (a)   ​

2. Sediment is created

3. Erosion

​ 4. ​ (b)  

5. Compacting

6. Cementation into Rocks

Choose from the below words
Weathering
Deposition
Layers
Compaction
Cementation
105.

Fossil B is an ancient marine mollusk that has been found in tall mountains. This tells us that-

a)

Fossils can be carried up a mountain.

b)

The rocks at the top of the mountain used to be underwater.

c)

The rocks at the top of the mountain used to be in the desert.

d)

It is impossible that marine mollusks existed in the past.

106.

Which picture shows an example of compaction when making sedimentary rocks?

a)
b)
c)
d)
107.

Which picture shows an example of deposition?

a)
b)
c)
d)
108.

Which picture shows an example of weathering?

a)
b)
c)
d)
109.

Match the following Word Associations

a)

Fossils

1.

Decaying/Past

b)

Sedimentary Rock

2.

Layers

c)

Compact

3.

Push Down

d)

Cemented

4.

Stick Together

e)

Dead Organisms

5.

Dead Plants and Animals

110.

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Exfoliation

111.

The process by which rock and soil are moved from one place to another is called-

a)

Chemical weatherin

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deosition

112.

The BREAKING DOWN into small pieces of rock or sand

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

weathering

113.

The MOVEMENT of small pieces of rock or sand

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

weathering

114.

The PILING UP or GATHERING of small pieces of rock or sand.

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

weathering

115.

Weathering, erosion, and deposition happen _____________.

a)

very quickly

b)

very slowly

116.

This picture is an example of a _______________.

a)

lake

b)

river

c)

glacier

d)

Mr. Picha's house

117.

This picture is an example of what?

a)

a mountain

b)

a sand dune

c)

snow

d)

glacier

118.

Water freezing in a crack, melting, and refreezing again is an example of ____________?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

119.

True or False: The Earth's surface is exactly the same today as it was 100 years ago?

a)

True

b)

False

120.

Which picture shows the Grand Canyon?

a)
b)
c)
d)
121.

Which picture shows a valley?

a)
b)
c)
d)
122.

Which of these can cause weathering?

a)

water

b)

wind

c)

sun

d)

all of them

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