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ESS Finial Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is one of the most important processes that removes carbon from the atmosphere? 
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
c)
erosin
d)
soil respiration
2.
Which process moves carbon stored in fossil fuel into the atmosphere?
a)
When fossil fuels are burned, carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
b)
The denitrifying bacteria turns the fossil fuel into carbon dioxide gas.
c)
Decomposers convert the fossil fuels into greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
d)
The fossil fuels react with the soil to produce carbonates and carbon dioxide.
3.
What is happening in step
1?
a)
Animals are decomposing and realizing carbon into the soil.
b)
Animals are releasing energy into the environment and storing carbon.
c)
Animals are turning carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules.
d)
Animals are breaking down organic molecules and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
4.
What number would represent photosynthesis in this
diagram?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
5.
what waste product released during the carbon dioxide oxygen cycle is necessary for the survival of animals ?
a)
carbon dioxide 
b)
oxygen 
c)
people and animals 
d)
photosynthesis
6.
removing large numbers of trees result in _
a)
a decrease in oxygen production
b)
an increase in oxygen production
c)
oxygen and carbon 
d)
carbon and oxygen 
7.
respiration is the process by which animals use _ and release _ 
a)
photosynthesis
b)
carbon
c)
oxygen
d)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
8.
Nitrogen rich fertilizers and manure can cause water pollution.
a)
True
b)
False
9.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants
a)
through action of bacteria
b)
through lightning
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
10.
What converts nitrogen into a useable form for plants and animals?
a)
bacteria
b)
fungi
c)
rain
11.
How do  animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
bacteria
d)
lightning 
12.
When nitrogen gas is turned into a form (nitrates) that plants and animals can use is called 
a)
Combustion
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
13.
Which group do fungi, bacteria, and termites belong to?
a)
decomposers
b)
producers
c)
herbivores
d)
omnivores
14.
Which answer best defines precipitation?
a)
the process of changing from a liquid to a gas, usually caused by energy from the sun
b)
the process in which animals release water vapor
c)
the process of changing from a gas to a liquid, such as water vapor changing into water
d)
water falling to the surface of the Earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet, or snow
15.
which answer best defines condensation?
a)
the process of changing from a liquid to a gas, usually caused by energy from the sun
b)
the process in which animals release water vapor
c)
the process of changing from a gas to a liquid, such as water vapor changing into water
d)
water falling to the surface of the Earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet, or snow
16.
Which answer best defines evaporation?
a)
the process of changing from a liquid to a gas, usually caused by energy from the sun
b)
the process in which animals release water vapor
c)
the process of changing from a gas to a liquid, such as water vapor changing into water
d)
water falling to the surface of the Earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet, or snow
17.
Earth's current atmosphere is
a)
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon and 0.037% carbon dioxide
b)
78% oxygen, 21%nitrogen, 0.9% argon, 0.037% carbon dioxide
c)
78% nitrogen, 21% argon, 1% oxygen
d)
78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% carbon dioxide
18.
The layers of the atmosphere in order from bottom to top are
a)
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
b)
troposphere, mesosphere, atmosphere, thermosphere
c)
mesosphere, thermosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, exosphere
d)
thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere, exosphere
19.
The layer of the atmosphere containing the ozone layer is
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
thermosphere
d)
mesosphere
20.
The layer of the atmosphere containing our weather is
a)
thermosphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
mesosphere
21.
The layer of the atmosphere containing the ionosphere and auroras is
a)
troposphere
b)
mesosphere
c)
stratosphere
d)
thermosphere
22.
The layers of the atmosphere that get colder as altitude increases are
a)
thermosphere and troposphere
b)
meosphere and troposphere
c)
stratosphere and thermosphere
d)
thermosphere and mesosphere
23.
A lava lamp with putty which heats, flows to the top, cools, then flows to the bottom is an example of:
a)
conduction
b)
convection
c)
radiation
24.
Thermal energy ALWAYS moves from _____ to _____.
a)
solid to liquid
b)
ice to water
c)
hot to cold
d)
solid to gas
25.

What is weather?

a)

The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

b)

The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.

c)

Boundary where two air masses meet.

d)

The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time

26.

What is climate?

a)

The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

b)

The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.

c)

Boundary where two air masses meet.

d)

The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time

27.

What is a warm front?

a)

when a warm, less dense air mass overtakes a cold, dense air mass; brings rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather; move slowly

b)

Stalled; not moving ;when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and no movement occurs

c)

The boundary between a mass of cold air and a mass of warm air where the cold air is pushing the warm air upward, creating a storm.

d)

when a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front

28.

What is a cold front?

a)

when a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front

b)

when a warm, less dense air mass overtakes a cold, dense air mass; brings rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather; move slowly

c)

The boundary between a mass of cold air and a mass of warm air where the cold air is pushing the warm air upward, creating a storm.

d)

Stalled; not moving ;when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and no movement occurs

29.

What is a stationary front

a)

when a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front

b)

Stalled; not moving ;when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and no movement occurs

c)

The boundary between a mass of cold air and a mass of warm air where the cold air is pushing the warm air upward, creating a storm.

d)

when a warm, less dense air mass overtakes a cold, dense air mass; brings rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather; move slowly

30.

What is an occluded front?

a)

The boundary between a mass of cold air and a mass of warm air where the cold air is pushing the warm air upward, creating a storm.

b)

Stalled; not moving ;when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and no movement occurs

c)

when a warm, less dense air mass overtakes a cold, dense air mass; brings rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather; move slowly

d)

when a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front

31.

What is the symbol for a warm front?

a)

Looks like cold and warm front symbols together

b)

Represented by a blue line with triangles

c)

Represented by a red line with semi-circles

d)

Purple line with symbols

32.

What is the symbol for a cold front?

a)

Looks like cold and warm front symbols together

b)

Represented by a blue line with triangles

c)

Represented by a red line with semi-circles

d)

Purple line with symbols

33.

What is the symbol for a stationary front?

a)

Looks like cold and warm front symbols together

b)

Represented by a blue line with triangles

c)

Represented by a red line with semi-circles

d)

Purple line with symbols

34.

What is the symbol for an occluded front?

a)

Looks like cold and warm front symbols together

b)

Represented by a blue line with triangles

c)

Represented by a red line with semi-circles

d)

Purple line with symbols

35.

List all factors that affect climate.

a)

Elevation, Precipitation,Temperature, Ocean Currents, and The Wind

b)

Latitude, Elevation, Precipitation,Temperature, Ocean Current

c)

Latitude, Elevation, Precipitation, Temperature, Ocean Currents, and The Wind

36.

What are isobars?

a)

on a weather map, areas that have similar temperature

b)

Lines on a map connecting points of equal pressure

37.

What are isothermals?

a)

on a weather map, areas that have similar temperature

b)

Lines on a map connecting points of equal pressure

38.

warm air is ____________ dense than cold air and therefore rises

a)

more

b)

less

c)

equal

39.

cold air is ______________ dense than warm air and sinks

a)

more

b)

less

c)

equal

40.

as air rises from the Earth into the atmosphere...

a)

temperature and pressure decrease

b)

temperature and pressure increase

c)

temperature and pressure remain constant

41.
This gas was in high concentrations in the early atmosphere, and later condensed to form Earth's oceans. 
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
sulfur oxides
d)
water vapor
42.
This gas was in high concentrations in the developing atmospheres and later dissolved into rainwater, added to the oceans, then settled to the bottom of the ocean. 
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
argon
d)
water vapor
43.

What was the main ingredients that caused heat energy to be trapped, creating a greenhouse effect, in the ealry atmosphere?

a)

water and carbon dioxide

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide and oxygen

d)

nitrogen and carbon dioxide

44.
Why is Earth's atmosphere important?
a)
It is beautiful.
b)
It prevents pollution from happening.
c)
Life on Mars could not exist without it.
d)
Life on Earth could not exist without it.
45.

What is the longest unit of time?

a)

Eon

b)

Era

c)

Period

d)

Epoch

46.

Which Era was dominated by dinosaurs?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Cambrian

47.

Which segment of time is the smallest?

a)

Eon

b)

Era

c)

Period

d)

Epoch

48.
What era was the age of fish?
a)
Precambrian
b)
Palezoic
c)
Mesozoic
d)
Cenozoic
49.
An event in time when large amounts of animals and plants die off
a)
geologic time
b)
precambrian
c)
period
d)
mass extinction
50.
Which period are we currently in?
a)
Quaternary
b)
Holocene
c)
Jurassic
d)
Tertiary
51.

The Proterozoic and Phanerozoic are examples

of

a)

Eras

b)

Periods

c)

Epoch

d)

Eons

52.

Early life, mainly the , modified the

atmosphere by generating large amounts of

the gas that eventually formed the ozone layer.

a)

prokaryotes

b)

Uniformitarianism

c)

cyanobacteria

d)

Eukaryotes

53.
This gas was in high concentrations in the early atmosphere, and later condensed to form Earth's oceans. 
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
sulfur oxides
d)
water vapor
54.

What was the main ingredients that caused heat energy to be trapped, creating a greenhouse effect, in the ealry atmosphere?

a)

water and carbon dioxide

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide and oxygen

d)

nitrogen and carbon dioxide

55.
What produced oxygen within the early stages of our atmosphere?
a)
Plants
b)
Volcanos
c)
Galactic Debris
d)
Bacteria
56.

A theory that says the universe began as a small point that expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago.

a)

Big Bang Theory

b)

Singularity Theory

c)

Galaxy Theory

57.

A large grouping of stars, planets, gas, and dust in space held together by gravity.

a)

Universe

b)

Galaxy

c)

Space

58.

The change in wavelength that allows us to determine if an object if moving toward us or away from us

a)

Whiteshift and Blueshift

b)

Redshift and Greenshift

c)

Redshift and Blueshift

59.

All space and the matter space contains

a)

Universe

b)

Galaxy

c)

Super Nova

60.

Which description is considered most accurate regarding what actually happened during the Big Bang?

a)

Two galaxies collided causing an immense explosion as stars crashed into one another

b)

All of what would become the universe was concentrated in a single small point, or singularity, which rapidly expanded into what is now stars, planets, galaxies, matter, and energy.

c)

All matter emerged from a massive black hole at the center of the universe.

d)

Parts of the sun were ripped off by massive internal explosions and were thrown into space where they cooled to become other things, like plants, comets, and other galaxies.

61.

Observations of space indicate that most matter in the universe is ___.

a)

hydrogen, helium, and dark matter

b)

gold and plutonium

c)

oxygen and water vapor

d)

carbon

62.
Which of the following is evidence of the Big Bang Theory?
a)
Cavemen heard a loud bang at the beginning of time.
b)
The universe isn't moving
c)
The universe is expanding
d)
The universe is getting smaller
63.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Big Bang Theory?
a)
It is the scientific explanation of how life began on Earth and evolved over time.
b)
It is the scientific explanation for the origin of the universe.
c)
It states that the universe expanded from a single point and is still expanding today.
d)
It states that the universe used to be much hotter and smaller.
64.
What can we conclude from the observation that nearly all galaxies are moving away from us?
a)
Massive black holes are drawing galaxies away from Earth.
b)
The Sun and Earth are located at the center of the universe.
c)
Everything in the universe is moving the same direction.
d)
The once-smaller universe is expanding in all directions.
65.

Galaxies that are REDSHIFTED are:

a)

actually BLUE

b)

really NEAR earth

c)

invisible or not visible

d)

moving AWAY from us.

66.

If something that makes light is moving AWAY from you, it spreads the wavelengths of light out. This application of the Doppler effect is known as ___.

a)

blue shift

b)

green shift

c)

red shift

d)

black shift

67.

Most distant galaxies show a RED SHIFT. This is considered EVIDENCE that the universe is ___.

a)

getting cooler

b)

expanding

c)

condensing into a small point

d)

swirling around

68.

A galaxy showing BLUE SHIFT is ___.

a)

very cold

b)

moving TOWARDS OR TO us

c)

dying

d)

about to supernova

69.

The CMB (Cosmic Background Radiation) is:

a)

the remaining energy from the big bang.

b)

incredibly cool.

c)

a cloud of light

d)

only located in certain places in the universe.

70.

What are two important pieces of evidence we have for the Big Bang?

a)

Ptolemy’s work on epicycles and Hubble’s law (the expansion of the Universe)

b)

Hubble’s law (the expansion of the Universe) and cosmic background radiation

c)

The fact that we have multiple Universes to compare and study and cosmic background radiation (CBR)

d)

The abundance of hydrogen, helium, and lithium found in the Universe and Ptolemy’s work on epicycles

71.
Which of the following is the best description of the Big Bang Theory?
a)
The Big Bang Theory is the prevailing model about the universe’s origin and is supported by observations of the universe’s expansion.
b)
The Big Bang Theory is just one of the ideas about the universe’s origin, many of which are equally respected by the scientific community.
c)
The Big Bang Theory states that pre-existing matter was compacted into a hot and dense form and suddenly exploded into infinite, empty space.
d)
The Big Bang Theory is the scientific explanation of how the Sun, Earth, and the rest of the Solar System were formed at the beginning of time.
72.

The size of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their ____.

a)

Frictional Forces

b)

inertia

c)

masses and the distance between them

d)

speed and direction

73.

Why does an astronaut weigh less on the moon than on Earth?

a)

The astronaut has less mass on the moon.

b)

The astronaut is farther from Earth’s center when he or she is on the moon.

c)

The gravitational field strength is less on the moon’s surface than on Earth’s surface.

d)

The astronaut is continually in free fall because the moon orbits Earth.

74.

Which of the following statements applies to the motion of a ball rising and then falling in free fall?

I. The ball has constant acceleration as it moves upward.

II. The ball has zero acceleration at the very top of its path.

III. The ball has constant acceleration as it moves downward.

a)

I only

b)

III only

c)

I and III

d)

I, II, and III

75.

Kepler’s second law states that a line connecting a planet to the sun

a)

is longest in the winter and shortest in the summer.

b)

is longest in the winter and shortest in the summer.

c)

sweeps out the same amount of area in any two equal periods of time.

d)

sweeps out the same amount of area regardless of the planet.

76.

Kepler’s first law states that

a)

the sun is the center of the solar system.

b)

planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits, with the sun located at one focus.

c)

planets orbit the sun in circular orbits, with the sun located at the center.

d)

gravity provides the force that holds the planets in orbit about the sun.

77.

What two factors cause planets to move in elliptical orbits?

a)

centripetal force and rotational capacity

b)

inertia and gravity

c)

mass and distance

d)

mass and gravity

78.

Kepler’s third law states that the ratio of

a)

the orbital period to the orbital radius is the same for all planets.

b)

the orbital periods of any two planets equals the ratio of the orbital radii.

c)

all planets would orbit with the same orbital period.

d)

the period squared to the radius cubed is the same ratio for all planets.

79.

A person on Pluto’s surface would experience a(n)_______________gravitational force compared to being on Earth.

a)

weaker, because Pluto is further from the sun

b)

weaker, because Pluto has less mass

c)

equal, because both planets orbit the sun

d)

stronger, because Pluto has a more elliptical orbit

80.

Which of the following statements is correct about weight and mass?

a)

Mass and weight both vary with location.

b)

Mass varies with location, but weight does not.

c)

Weight varies with location, but mass does not.

d)

Neither mass nor weight varies with location.

81.

Planets travel at _______________distances and speeds as they orbit the sun.

a)

the same

b)

different, faster when closer, slower when farther away

c)

different, slower when closer, faster when farther away

d)

the same distance but different speeds

82.

When the earth is closest to the sun, it is ____________ and when it is farthest from the sun it is____________.

a)

winter (January), summer (July)

b)

summer (July), winter (December)

c)

fall (September), spring (March)

d)

spring (April), summer (June)

83.

In a heliocentric system, Earth revolves around

a)

Mars

b)

The moon

c)

Stars

d)

The sun

84.

The fact that each planet’s orbit is an ellipse was discovered by

a)

Copernicus

b)

Kepler

c)

Galileo

d)

Brahe

85.
What is the first stage of the life cycle of a star for all stars?
a)
nebula
b)
protostar
c)
main-sequence
d)
red giant
86.
This is a young star that glows as gravity brings it together
a)
Nebula
b)
Protostar
c)
Main-sequence star
d)
Red giant
87.
In this stage, a star spends most of its life. Hydrogen is fused into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees.
a)
nebula
b)
protostar
c)
main-sequence
d)
supergiant
88.
Low mass stars expand into what after using up the hydrogen in their core
a)
red giants
b)
supergiants
c)
white dwarfs
d)
protostars
89.
This is a high mass star that is expanding and using energy at a fantastic rate
a)
Red giant
b)
Supergiant
c)
White dwarf
d)
Supernova
90.
A low mass star ends its life as a 
a)
Supernova
b)
Black hole
c)
White dwarf
d)
Nebula
91.
This stage is when a high mass star explodes
a)
Supergiant
b)
Red giant
c)
Supernova
d)
Black hole
92.
This stage is made by densely packed neutrons and sometimes spins and blinks and is called a pulsar
a)
Supernova
b)
White dwarf
c)
Black hole
d)
Neutron star
93.
When a star's gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape, it's called a what?
a)
Black hole
b)
Supernova
c)
White dwarf
d)
Nebula
94.

Only the biggest stars in the universe can become black holes at the end of their life.

a)

true

b)

false

95.
All H-R diagrams show what about stars?
a)
size and mass
b)
brightness and temperature
c)
name and location
d)
fusion of elements
96.
What is a large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light?
a)
Nebula
b)
Star
c)
Galaxy
d)
Planet
97.
The most common elements stars are made of...
a)
Iron & Carbon
b)
Gold & Zinc
c)
Hydrogen & Helium
d)
Fire and Ice
98.
A star is born when it begins...
a)
nuclear fusion
b)
nuclear abrasion
c)
chemical reaction
d)
nuclear fission
99.
Mass of a star determines how long it "lives".
a)
True
b)
False
100.
The main element used to fuel a star during the majority of its life is:
a)
Helium
b)
Iron
c)
Light
d)
Hydrogen

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