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Honors Bio Final Fall 22_23

Total questions: 132

Worksheet time: 2hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The organelle where photosynthesis takes place

a)

chlorophyll

b)

chromoplast

c)

chloroplast

d)

chromosome

2.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
3.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
4.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
5.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
6.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
7.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
8.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

9.

How do bacteria sense local population density?

a)

quorum sensing

b)

bacteria sensing

c)

signal sensing

d)

population sensing

10.

The final activated molecule in a signaling pathway may function as a what?

a)

transcription factor

b)

second messenger

c)

kinase

d)

phosphatase

11.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
12.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
13.

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

a)

Metaphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Cancer

d)

Diabetes

14.
The cell carries out normal functions during..
a)
interphase
b)
cytokinesis
c)
mitosis
15.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
16.
Which of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.
a)
Growth
b)
Recovering from injuries
c)
Replacement of dead cells
d)
Sexual reproduction
17.
The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
18.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
19.
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up on the equator of the cell?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
20.
Hormones that enter cells directly to cause changes are usually:
a)
Steroids
b)
Proteins
21.

Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram?

a)

Does the addition of an enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?

b)

Does the addition of an enzyme result in the formation of covalent bonds?

c)

Does the addition of an enzyme produce a greater amount of products?

d)

Does the addition of an enzyme change the pathway for the reaction?

22.

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the

a)

cytosol

b)

nucleus

c)

matrix of the mitochondrion

d)

membranes of the mitochondrion

e)

stroma of the chloroplast

23.

Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation?

a)

Production of a proton gradient

b)

Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Glycolysis

e)

Krebs cycle

24.

The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from

a)

H2O

b)

NADPH

c)

RuBP (RuDP)

d)

C6H12O6

e)

CO2

25.

The process that uses ATP and NADPH to power the fixation of carbon into sugars.

a)

Light Reactions

b)

Calvin Cycle

c)

Granum

d)

Krebs Cycle

e)

Electron transport chain

26.

______ uses light energy to excite electrons in photosystem I and II, split water, and create ATP and NADPH.

a)

Fermentation

b)

Calvin Cycle

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Glycolysis

e)

Light Reactions

27.

_______ finishes breaking down Acetyl CoA to create ATP and NADH.

a)

Fermentation

b)

Link Reaction

c)

Oxidative Phosphorolation

d)

Glycolysis

e)

Krebs Cycle

28.

ATP hydrolysis is a _____ reaction.

a)

Exergonic

b)

Endergonic

29.

Exergonic means:

a)

energy is consumed

b)

energy is released

30.

ATP is: (definitely more than one answer)

a)

an energy storage compound.

b)

a modified DNA nucleotide

c)

adenosine triphosphate.

d)

molecule cells use to do chemical work.

31.

What is the end product of glycolysis?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Citric Acid

c)

Acetyl CoA

d)

Coenzyme A

32.
If ADP is phosphorylated then what is this indicating in the reaction? 
a)
ADP is forming into ATP
b)
ADP is becoming AMP
c)
ADP is being used to power other reactions
d)
ADP is being created by the reaction
33.
What is the main job of the electron carriers in cellular respiration? 
a)
Transport electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain 
b)
Capture energy throughout the process of cellular respiration
c)
Provide the reactants for the process of cellular respiration
d)
Pump positive hydrogen ions and shuttle electrons across the electron transport chain and contribute to chemiosmosis
34.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
35.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
36.
The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________.
a)
Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma / thylakoid
c)
mesophyl / stomata
d)
thylakoid membrane / stroma
37.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
38.
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
a)
regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
b)
produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
c)
produce oxygen by oxidizing water
d)
produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
39.
How many sugar molecules are produced from every six molecules of carbon dioxide that enter the Calvin cycle?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
12
40.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
41.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
ATPase
b)
ATP synthase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
none of the above
42.

after strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______ ____

a)

glucose; ATP

b)

ATP; glucose

c)

oxygen; lactic acid

d)

lactic acid; ATP

43.
What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?
a)
glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle
b)
oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle
c)
glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
d)
the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis
44.

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

a)

The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ to the light reactions.

b)

The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.

c)

The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.

d)

The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for carbon fixation, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.

45.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
46.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
47.
Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response
 
II.  Amplification
 
 III.  Reception
 
IV.  Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
48.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

49.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

50.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

51.

Which letter(s) can be proteins? (multiple answers are correct)

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

52.

What word means programmed cell death?

a)

apoptosis

b)

mitosis

c)

Ced-9

d)

bleb

53.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
54.

What two components make an active MPF

a)

a growth factor and a mitotic factor

b)

ATP synthetase and a protease

c)

cyclin and tubulin

d)

cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

55.

What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Parathyroid Hormone

56.

Which part of the signaling pathway could consist of protein modification, second messenger production, amplification or a phosphorylation cascade?

a)

Reception

b)

Transduction

c)

Response

d)

All of these

57.

This type of cell signaling will only be effective...

a)

over long distances (endocrine)

b)

when cells are in direct contact (juxtacrine)

c)

when responding to its own ligands (autocrine)

d)

if cells are nearby (paracrine)

58.

Which of these shows the cell cycle phases in their correct order AND correctly paired with their functions?

a)

G1-growth, M-division, G2-DNA checkpoints, S-DNA replication

b)

G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-replicate organelles, M-division

c)

M-division, G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-replicate organelles

d)

S-Interphase, G2-growth, M-division, G1-DNA replication

59.

Which phase of mitosis occurred between panels C and D?

a)

Metaphase

b)

Telophase

c)

Synthesis

d)

Anaphase

60.

In what phase of mitosis is this cell?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

61.

Which of these graphs represents the amount of DNA present in a normal cell throughout the cell cycle?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

62.

p53 is a gene that codes for a CDK inhibitor that slows the cell cycle. What would be the result of a mutation in the p53 gene?

a)

No cell division

b)

Decreased CDK/Cyclin complexes

c)

Activated DNA repair

d)

Tumor formation

63.

Which of these is NOT part of interphase?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

M

d)

G2

64.
Mitosis forms 
a)
4 identical daughter cells
b)
2 identical daughter cells
c)
4 different daughter cells
d)
2 different daughter cells
65.

Describe the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors.

a)

noncompetitive binds to active site and competitive binds to other site

b)

competitive is irreversible and noncompetitive is reversible binding

c)

competitive is binds to the active site and noncompetitive binds to other sites

d)

noncompetitive is irreversible and competitive is reversible binding

66.

Which of the following are electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

a)

NADPH

b)

FADH2

c)

NADH

d)

NADH & FADH2

67.

Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions.

a)

H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADPH

b)

H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH

c)

H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADH

d)

H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADH

68.

How does the active site of an enzyme determine the substrate for that enzyme?

a)

The active site has the right polarity to interact with the substrate.

b)

The active site is hydrophobic and interacts with other hydrophobic amino acids on the substrate

c)

The active site has a specific shape that fits the shape of the substrate

d)

The active site uses energy to form covalent bonds with the substrate

69.

Enzymes ___________________ activation energy to speed up chemical reactions.

a)

increase

b)

decrease

70.

Which of these factors can affect the initial rate of an enzyme reaction?

a)

Enzyme concentration

b)

Substrate concentration

c)

Temperature

d)

pH

e)

All of the above

71.

Based on this graph, which enzyme would function best in a basic environment?

a)

A

b)

B

72.

A type of anaerobic respiration that’s purpose is to replenish NAD+ so that glycolysis can be continued. Produces either alcohol or lactic acid as a by product is...

a)

Fermentation

b)

Calvin Cycle

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Glycolysis

e)

Krebs Cycle

73.

... uses an Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis to create the majority of the ATP gained from cellular respiration.

a)

Fermentation

b)

Calvin Cycle

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

e)

Krebs Cycle

74.

A. Photons excite the electrons of PS I

B. Photons excite the electrons of PSII

C. Electrons travel along the ETC, allowing for the pumping of a proton

D. NADP + is reduced to NADPH


What is correct sequence of events?

a)

A, C, B, D

b)

B, C, A, D

c)

A, B, C, D

d)

C, A, B, D

75.

An enzyme's shape determines its

a)

function

b)

substrate

c)

product

d)

activation energy

76.

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Krebs Cycle?

a)

Releases NADH and FADH2

b)

Releases CO2

c)

also known as the Citric Acid cycle

d)

makes water

77.

Where on an enzyme does the substrate bind?

a)

active site

b)

allosteric site

c)

C-terminus

d)

N-terminus

78.

Which environmental conditions can cause denaturation of the enzyme?

a)

slight increase in temperature

b)

extreme increase in temperature

c)

decrease in temperature

d)

extreme increase in temperature and pH changes

79.

Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?

a)

G0

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

S

80.

Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?

a)

metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase

b)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

c)

telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

d)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

81.

Which checkpoint is responsible for ensuring spindle fibers are attached properly to separating chromatids?

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

S checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

d)

M checkpoint

82.

Mitosis results in...

a)

2 identical diploid cells

b)

4 unique diploid cells

c)

2 unique haploid cells

d)

4 identical haploid cells

83.

Neurotransmitters send messages to other neurons by crossing what space?

a)

Receptor site

b)

Synaptic cleft

c)

Cerebral cortex

d)

Adrenal cortex

e)

Hypothalamus

84.

What chemicals are released by a neuron?

a)

Neurotransmitters

b)

Ligands

c)

Hormones

d)

Perforin

85.
In a lab Cheryl stains bacterial DNA, how many chromosomes will she find and in what shape?
a)
1, Circular
b)
1, linear
c)
2, X shape
d)
2 Cylindrical
86.
Which organelle is responsible for Cellular Respiration?
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondira
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Lysosome
87.
Which of the following phases are part of interphase?
a)
G1, G2, S phase
b)
P, M, A, T
c)
GSGPMATC
d)
PMATC
88.
What is Prophase?
a)
The Nucleoli dissapears, and centrosomes align themselves
b)
The chromosomes line up in the middle
c)
The chromosomes separate, put apart
d)
The cell begins to tear
89.
What is cytokinesis?
a)
The cytoplasm divides and a cleavage furrow forms
b)
Cell replication
c)
DNA syntesis
d)
Something
90.
Where are checkpoints present in the cell cylce?
a)
G1, G2, M phase
b)
G1, G2, S phase
c)
PMAT
d)
There are checkpoints at every stage
91.
What is G0?
a)
A permanent spot for a cell
b)
A permanent or temporary spot for a cell, where it stops dividing
c)
It stops fucntioning
d)
Cell Death
92.
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
a)
Hydrolysis only occurs in the urinary system, and dehydration reactions only occur in the digestive tract.
b)
Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
c)
Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
d)
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks down polymers.
93.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
94.

Which of the following is directly responsible for the shape of an enzyme/protein?

a)

The amino acid sequence of the protein and the properties of the amino acids that make up the protein.

b)

The temperature of the surrounding environment.

c)

The pH of the surrounding environment.

d)

The amount of substrate present.

95.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
96.

Which of these is NOT true?

a)

Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too high.

b)

Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction.

c)

Extreme pH and salinity can denature enzymes.

d)

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

97.
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because ____________
a)
their enzymes are insensitive to temperature
b)
they use molecules other than proteins as their main catalysts
c)
their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
d)
they are able to maintain an internal temperature much cooler than that of the surrounding water
98.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
99.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
100.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
101.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
102.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO+ light + H2O --> O+ glucose
b)
CO+ glucose + H2O --> O+ light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO+ glucose
d)
CO+ O2 + H2O --> Light+ glucose
103.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
a)
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
b)
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation
d)
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
104.

Glycolysis splits glucose into 2 molecules of

a)

Acetyl CoA

b)

pyruvate

c)

citric acid

d)

fructokinase

105.

What is the net yield of ATP produced by glycolysis?

a)

4

b)

2

c)

1

106.
Energy is released from ATP when
a)
a phosphate group is added
b)
adenine bonds to ribose
c)
ATP is exposed to sunlight
d)
a phosphate group is removed
107.
Use the diagram to answer the question. Between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A and C
c)
B and C
d)
C and D
108.

An example of paracrine cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

109.

An example of juxtacrine cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

110.

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

a)

all work via protein kinases

b)

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

c)

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

d)

all work by opening ion channels

e)

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

111.

What event would activate a G protein?

a)

replacement of GDP with GTP

b)

hydrolysis of GTP to GDP

c)

hydrolysis of GDP to GTP

d)

phosphorylation of GDP to GTP

e)

phosphorylation of GTP to GDP

112.
Chlorophyll absorbs a higher percentage of _____ and _______ light.
a)
purple and green
b)
red and blue
c)
black and orange
d)
yellow and green
113.
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a)
absorbs green light.
b)
absorbs violet light.
c)
does not absorb green light.
d)
does not absorb violet light.
114.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem II and I
115.
In a plant cell, where are ATP synthase complexes located?
a)
thylakoid membranes only
b)
inner mitochondrial membranes only
c)
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membranes
d)
thylakoid membrane and plasma membranes
116.
Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain associated with photophosphorylation located in plant cells?
a)
thylakoid membanes of chloroplasts
b)
stroma of chloroplasts
c)
matrix of mitochondria
d)
outer membrane of chloroplasts
117.

The H+ concentration gradient is formed to

a)

make NADPH

b)

split a water molecule

c)

generate ATP

d)

form water

118.

Rubisco is important in which step of photosynthesis

a)

energizing the electrons in chlorophyll

b)

carbon fixation when CO2 is connected to RUBP during calvin cycle

c)

regeneration phase as RUBP is made during calvin cycle

d)

reduction of the carbon chain during the calvin cycle

119.

If the proton (H+) pump in the thylakoid was not working which molecule could not be made during the light reaction?

a)

NADPH

b)

ATP

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen gas

120.
What is the name of the 1st step of cellular respiration?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Kreb's Cycle
c)
ETC
d)
Anaerobic respiration
121.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
122.
Which type of respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
123.
Along with 2ATP, what is produced during glycolysis?
a)
6CO2
b)
6O2
c)
C6H12O6
d)
2 pyruvate
124.

What is the total net gain of ATP at the end of aerobic respiration?

a)

2 ATP

b)

34 ATP

c)

36-38 ATP

d)

40 ATP

125.
Which is a product of the ETC?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Glucose
c)
Oxygen
d)
Water
126.

Glycolysis

a)

does not occur in plant cells

b)

does not occur in animal cells

c)

does not occur in bacterial cells

d)

takes place in virtually all cells

127.

In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one electron transport molecule to another and are finally accepted by

a)

an oxygen molecule

b)

a molecule of carbon dioxide

c)

a molecule of water

d)

ADP

128.

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at least partly due to

a)

an excess of ATP that builds up during exercise

b)

the presence of lactic acid from fermentation by muscle cells

c)

the large amount of carbon dioxide that builds up in muscle

d)

the accumulation of alcohol from anaerobic respiration

129.
Which process is the largest contributor to the release of CO
a)
Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle
b)
Pyruvate Oxidation
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Oxidative Phosphorylation 
130.

During chemiosmosis

a)

H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor

b)

a concentration gradient is generated when H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix to the inner mitochondrial membrane

c)

energy is released as H+ ions move freely across the mitochondrial membrane

d)

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase

131.

Which reaction moves the cellular respiration process from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria?

a)

glycolysis ---> pyruvate

b)

pyruvate ---> acetyl CoA

c)

acetyl CoA ---> PGA

d)

PGA ---> PGAL

132.

What's the chemical formula for glucose?

a)

6C6HO6

b)

C12H6O12

c)

C6H12O6

d)

CHO