Endocrine diseases are usually a result of hormone

Breaking down nutrient molecules into smaller molecules and the energy released during this process is referred to as

_____ refers to homeostasis, or relative constancy of body fluid levels- a condition required for healthy survival

All of the following are part of glucose catabolism, except

Substances (like salts) which break apart or dissolve in a water solution to form electrically charged particles

positively charged ions

Which of the following types of hormone will most likely use a second messenger in the cell?

Hormones that are released right next to their target cells are referred to as

A cell which has specific receptors on its plasma membrane for a specific hormone is referred to as that hormone's

The dissociated particles of an electrolyte

(Hint: they carry either a + or - charge)

The hormone which acts as an antagonist to calcitonin is

Which of the following individuals would typically have the highest percentage of water per body weight?

The formation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds is referred to as

The extracellular fluid compartment is made up of all of the following except:

Which of the following "fluid compartments" makes up the majority of the body's fluid percentage?

The intracellular fluid compartment makes up what percentage of the body's distribution of water?

During normal temperature, our primary water output is from

During prolonged exercise of hot weather, our primary mode of water output is through

Which of the following is not one of the 3 main factors in regulating fluid volumes in the body?

If a patient is in metabolic acidosis (uncompensated), they will have

This hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and promotes water reabsorption from the kidney tubule back into the blood

(Hint: it assists in reducing fluid output)

Which organ is responsible for metabolic imbalances?

Glucose anabolism is also referred to as

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

This hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and increases Na+ reabsorption by the kidney tubules

(Hint: it reduces water output from body)

This hormone promotes Na + (and therefore water) loss from the blood to kidney tubules

(Hint: it acts as a diuretic)

The fluid imbalance seen most often clinically is

Which of the following is not an electrolyte, and therefore will not dissociate in water?

When capillary blood pressure increases at the arterial side of the interstitial capillary bed, what will result?

Which of the following is not a typical reason for edema in the body?

Sodium (Na+) over 145 mEq/L

(or 145mEq/L <)

Severe and repetitive vomiting can result in

Which electrolyte imbalance would likely present with cardiac dysrhythmia and GI (gastrointestinal) motility problems

The Chvostek sign, an abnormal spasm of facial muscles, is seen in which electrolyte imbalance?

Which of the following is not a pH control mechanism for the body?

What enzyme, located in the RBCs, assists in the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

The pH scale ranges from

A patient in metabolic alkalosis will have

The more hydroxide (OH-) ions a substance has, the more _____ it is and the ______ it will be on the pH scale.

Chemical substances that prevent a sharp change in the pH of a fluid when an acid or base is added to it

The main buffer pair your book discusses is

After gas is exchanged in the lungs, the blood, the blood has fewer H+ ions, and therefore is a ______ pH than deoxygenated blood entering pulmonary circulation

The term used to describe the effect of an increase in capillary blood pressure, with the result of a transfer of fluid from the blood to the interstitial fluid is called

The accumulation of ketone bodies results in a condition that causes the blood to become dangerously acidic

The optimal pH range for human function

Normal calcium ranges in the blood

Alkalosis is a term used to describe arterial blood with a pH of greater than:

Acidic substances in the blood that results from excessive metabolism of fats are called

Respiratory alkalosis will have

A patient with carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess is experiencing

A patient in respiratory acidosis will have

Normal sodium range in blood

Which organ is responsible for bicarbonate imbalances?

Normal potassium (K+) range in blood

Exchange of gases at the alveolar level occurs by which transport process?

Which of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

What is another name for an upper respiratory infection (URI)?

The membrane that lines MOST of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system is:

What tissue type lines the alveoli in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?

The _________ is a membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system ( It is made up primarily of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium)

The millions of hair-like cilia which function to move inhaled contaminants upward, from the bronchial tree to the pharynx, are collectively called

Which of the 4 paranasal sinuses is located most superiorly, at the forehead?

Which of the 4 paranasal sinuses is located most laterally?

Which of the following organs is not considered part of the lower respiratory tract?

External nares are also known as

The _______ ducts collect tears from the corner of each eyelid and drain into the nasal cavity

Which of these is not part of the pharynx?

The 3 shelf-like structures located on each side of the nasal cavity which function to warm and humidify air, are known as

The ________ connect the middle ears to the nasopharynx and permits equalization of pressure within the ear

The substance which reduces surface tension in the alveoli and keeps alveoli from collapsing during respiration is known as

Masses of ________ tissue make up tonsils

The prime mover of inspiration is

Another term for auditory tubes is:

Movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes of mechanical digestion (examples are peristalsis and segmentation)

The pharyngeal tonsils are also called _______ when swollen

Excessive alcohol consumption, use of chewing tobacco, and eating heavily preserved foods increase the risk of

The voice box is also called the

Regulation of voluntary swallowing occurs in the cerebrum. Where does regulation of involuntary or impulse swallowing occur?

'Hay fever' and 'runny nose' are two examples of

The more common name of epistaxis is

Which of the following lower respiratory structures does not contain cartilage rings?

The exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) between a living organism and its environment is

The single layer of simple epithelial cells found in the alveolus which function in gas exchange are called

The neurologic control center of breathing RATE is located where?

The space between the vocal cords that changes shape when we speak is the

Surfactant, located in the alveoli, is made by what type of cell?

The space, or barrier, located between the blood in the capillaries and the gas in the alveolus is called the

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what form?

insufficient oxygen supply to the body's tissues is known as

A life threatening condition caused by the Haemophilus influenza type B (hib) infection

Hemoglobin molecules are large proteins that contain how many iron-containing heme components?

Alternating contraction of fibers of the muscularis within a single region of the GI tract that produces a 'back-and-forth' movement is called:

Excessive mucus production and air tubes narrowing due to swollen bronchi and bronchioles are signs of

cessation of respirations is known as

The volume that is moved into and out of the respiratory tract during a normal respiratory cycle is called

During exercise as we are getting closer to our vital capacity, our residual volume will

Breathing (moving air into the lungs) is also referred to as

The maximum volume that can be moved into the respiratory tract after a normal inspiration is called

A rhythmic, wavelike contraction of the gut wall caused by repeating waves of ring-like contraction along the circular muscle of the muscularis layer is called:

Eupnea is the term for

What is a common symptom of hiatal hernia?

The volume remaining in the respiratory tract after maximal expiration is known as

During exercise as we move closer to our vital capacity, our inspiratory reserve volume will _________

The chemoreceptors and baroreceptors that are sensitive to increases in blood carbon dioxide levels and decreases in oxygen levels are located where?

The largest amount of air we can breathe out in one expiration is known as

Gas exchange at the tissue level is called

Which nerves stimulate the diaphragm to contract?

Which obstructive pulmonary disorder is characterized by recurrent spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchioles?

Enlargement and destruction of the alveolar walls progressing to alveoli that fuse into large air spaces occurs in

The lungs ability to stretch is referred to as lung

Which pulmonary disorder would most likely have impaired lung compliance?

Collapse or incomplete expansion of the lung is known as

Which of the following is not a type of pneumonia that your book discusses?

When we breathe in (perform inspiration) our diaphragm will _________ and move ________ in the thoracic cavity

inflammation of the parietal pleura, characterized by difficulty breathing and stabbing pain is referred to as pleuritis or

A highly contagious disease transmitted through inhalation or swallowing droplets contaminated with myobacterium tuberculosis is

Which primary mechanism of the digestive tract coordinates the digestive activity (motility, secretion, etc)?

The serosa is the outer most covering of the digestive tube, and in the abdominal cavity, it is also called

What structure prevents food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities?

What structure of the tooth lines each tooth socket and anchors the tooth to bone?

Which of our salivary glands is the largest?

(Hint: It secretes a solution containing NaHCO3 that helps neutralize bacterial acids)

The swallowing of a mass of chewed food is called

What type of pathogenic organism is most often the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers?

Which type of medication is most likely to cause a gastric or duodenal ulcer?

The inner lining of the small intestines which is made up of thousands of villi (and microvilli) is called __________

Lymphatic capillaries embedded in the villi of the small intestines that function to absorb fats are called ___________

What disorder involves a deficit of digestive enzymes or bile salts?

A group of symptoms resulting from the failure of the small intestines to absorb nutrients properly is ________?

This liver disease causes inflammation and is viral. It is associated with transfusion of contaminated blood or IV drug use. There is no vaccine.

Inflammation of the large intestines is called: